Figure
3.1-3.20Genus Cibicides
Figure
3.1-3.20Cibicides
lobatulus (Walker and Jacob),
1798
Figure 3.1-3.
1798 Nautilus lobatulus Walker and Jacob: p. 642, pl. 14, fig. 36.
1994 Cibicides lobatulus (Walker and Jacob); Jones: p. 97, pl. 92, fig. 10; pl. 93, figs 1, 4-5; p.114, pl. 115, figs 4-5.
Nautilus lobatulus Walker and Jacob, 1798.
Depository not given.
Recent. Shore sand.
Whitestable, Kent, England. Not common.
Test forms a low trochospire; slightly lobulate (last chambers) in outline, and planoconvex in cross-section, with an involute, convex umbilical side, a flattened or slightly-convex, evolute spiral side, and a subacute, imperforate periphery. Seven to nine moderately inflated chambers increase gradually in size and are separated by broad, curved, flush, or slightly depressed sutures. Chamber walls are calcareous, thick, and coarsely perforate on both sides of the test. The primary aperture is a narrow, equatorial slit bordered by a thin lip, extending on the spiral side.
Cibicides lobatulus is commonly used for stable isotope studies, as it provides a reliable record of bottom water
18O and
Worldwide.
Cibicides lobatulus is a typical epibenthic species that occurs over a wide range of organic flux rates in relatively shallow water (less than 1000 m) and appears to be closely linked to near-bottom currents for its nutritional needs (Altenbach et al. 1999). Reported from shallow water to 3000 fm at Challenger stations (Jones 1994).
Miocene (Langhian) - Recent.
Cibicidoides
barnetti (Bermúdez), 1949
Figure 3.4-8.
1949 Cibicides barnetti Bermúdez: p. 295, pl. 24, fig.7-9.
1986 Cibicidoides barnetti (Bermúdez); van Morkhoven et al: p. 187, pl. 63.
1993 Cibicidoides barnetti (Bermúdez); Katz and Miller: pl. 2, fig. 1.
Cibicides barnetti Bermúdez, 1949
Holotype (USNM 62546) and paratypes deposited in the collections of the United States National Museum, Washington, D.C.
Lower Miocene, Sombrerito Formation; tan, massive fossiliferous clay shale. Given as middle Oligocene by Bermúdez (1949).
Sample H-1066 from the Cañada Gerinaldo, Benefactor Province, Dominican Republic.
Test forms a trochospire; biconvex in cross-section, with a partially evolute, more convex umbilical side, and an acute, imperforate periphery. The (approximately) 14 moderately inflated chambers in the last whorl increase gradually in size and are separated by curved, raised, limbate sutures extending along the periphery to form a "pseudokeel." On the umbilical side, the sutures converge towards a large, glossy, clear umbo; on the spiral side the early sutures coalesce to form irregular seams. Chamber walls are calcareous, thick and uniformly perforate on both sides of the test. The primary aperture is a narrow, equatorial slit bordered by a thin lip and extends onto the spiral side.
Often confused with Cibicidoides trinitatensis (Nuttall). Cibicidoides barnetti (Bermúdez) is distinguished by its characteristic "pseudokeel" formed by circumperipheral extensions of the sutures, whereas C. trinitatensis has a more rounded periphery and more prominent, thicker sutures (van Morkhoven et al., 1986).
Worldwide. Recorded in the Pacific and Atlantic (van Morkhoven et al., 1986), in the South China Sea (Kuhnt et al. in press).
Bathyal to abyssal.
Eocene (Priabonian) - Miocene (Serravillian). Doubtful in the Eocene Lutetian - Bartonian interval (van Morkhoven et al., 1986).
Cibicidoides
bradyi (Trauth), 1918
Figure 3.9-14.
1918 Truncatulina bradyi Trauth: p. 235.
1884 Truncatulina dutemplei (d'Orbigny) (non d'Orbigny); Brady: p. 665, pl. 95, fig. 5.
1893 Truncatulina dutemplei (d'Orbigny) (non d'Orbigny); Egger: p. 208, figs 22-23, 30, 54-56.
1926 Pulvinulina umbonata (Reuss) var. multisepta Koch: p. 749, 737, pl. 25.
1951 Cibicides hyalina Hofker: p. 359, figs 244-245.
1976 Cibicidoides bradyi (Trauth); Pflum and Frerichs: pl. 3, figs 6, 7.
1983 Cibicidoides haitiensis (Coryell and Rivero) (non Coryell and Rivero); Tjalsma and Lohmann: p. 26, pl. 17, figs 6.
1983 Cibicidoides haitiensis (Coryell and Rivero) (non Coryell and Rivero); Miller: p. 433, pl. 2, fig. 5.
1986 Cibicidoides bradyi (Trauth); van Morkhoven et al: p.100, pl. 30.
1987 Cibicidoides bradyi (Trauth); Miller and Katz: p. 126, pl. 7, figs 2.
Truncatulina bradyi Trauth, 1918, p. 235 (type reference) illustrated by figures of Truncatulina dutemplei (non d'Orbigny) in Brady 1884, p. 665, pl. 95, fig. 5 and in Egger, 1893, p. 208, figs 22-23, 30, 54-56.
Depository not given. Specimen illustrated by Brady (1884) is deposited in the collections of the Natural History Museum, London, UK.
Recent.
Not designated.
Test forms a trochospire; unequally biconvex in cross-section, with an involute umbilical side and an evolute, more convex spiral side with an imperforate, rounded periphery. The nine to 10 inflated chambers in the last whorl increase gradually in size and are separated by radial sutures on the umbilical side and oblique or slightly curved sutures on the spiral side. On the umbilical side, the sutures converge towards an open umbilicus, that may be covered by a clear umbilical plug. Chamber walls are calcareous, coarsely perforate on the spiral side and smooth, finely perforate on the umbilical side. The primary aperture is a narrow equatorial slit, bordered by a thin lip and extends onto the spiral side.
Cibicidoides bradyi has a smaller test size, fewer chambers per whorl and a more rounded periphery than Cibicidoides robertsonianus. Cibicidoides bradyi may be the ancestral form of Cibicidoides robertsonianus. Intergrades between these two species occur in the Miocene when their stratigraphic ranges overlap (Kuhnt et al., in press).
Worldwide. Recorded from the Indian Ocean, the Pacific, the North and South Atlantic, the Mediterranean, the Gulf of Mexico and Papua New Guinea (van Morkhoven et al. 1986) and the South China Sea (Kuhnt et al., in press).
Bathyal to abyssal (Katz, personal commun., 1998).
Eocene (Ypresian) - Recent.
Cibicidoides
micrus (Bermúdez), 1949
Figure 3.15-20.
1949 Cibicides micrus Bermúdez: p. 302, pl. 24, figs 34-36.
Cibicides micrus Bermúdez 1949.
Holotype (No. 62431) and paratypes deposited in the collections of the United States National Museum, Washington, D.C. Topotypes deposited in the collections of the Standard Oil Company of Cuba at the University of Havana; the University of Santo Domingo, Ciudad Trudillo, Dominican Republic; the Dorothy K. Palmer Collection at the Paleontological Research Institution, Ithaca, New York; and in the author's personal collection, now housed in the Paleontological Laboratory of INTEVEP, Los Teques (suburb of Caracas), Venezuela.
Sample H-843, from a cut in a bluff along the Abuillot River, a confluent of the Canot River, Hinche area, Central Plain, Haiti (Type Locality of the Abuillot Formation). Frequent.
Lower Eocene, Abuillot Formation; highly calcareous, slightly sandy shale.
Test forms a lenticular trochospire; subcircular in outline and unequally biconvex with a slightly convex, evolute spiral side, a more flattened, partially-evolute umbilical side, and a subacute, imperforate periphery. The (approximately) 12 slightly-inflated chambers in the last whorl increase gradually in size and are separated by distinct, slightly-curved sutures. Spiral sutures are markedly depressed and the umbilicus is closed. Chamber walls are calcareous, thick, finely perforate, and smooth. The primary aperture is a narrow equatorial slit bordered by a thin lip and extends onto the spiral side.
Specimens illustrated as Cibicidoides micrus (Bermúdez) by van Morkhoven et al. (1986) are topotypes of Cocoarota cocoaensis, the type species of the genus Cocoarota Loeblich and Tappan, 1986 (Loeblich and Tappan 1987; Revets 1996).
Mophotypes from lower bathyal depths are generally larger, whereas abyssal forms are more rounded and distinctly evolute on the spiral side (Tjalsma and Lohmann 1983).
Worldwide. Found in the North and South Atlantic, the Pacific Ocean, and the Indian Ocean (van Morkhoven et al. 1986).
Bathyal to abyssal.
Eocene (Ypresian) - Oligocene (Chattian?).
Figure
4.1- 4.20
Cibicidoides mundulus (Brady,
Parker, and Jones), 1888
Figure 4.1-9.
Type species of the genus Cibicidoides Thalmann, 1939.
1888 Truncatulina mundula Brady, Parker and Jones: p. 228, pl. 45, fig. 25a-c.
1951 Cibicides sp. 2 Phleger and Parker: p. 32, pl. 18, figs 1-2.
1953 Cibicides kullenbergi Parker in Phleger et al: p. 49, pl. 11, figs 7-8.
1955 Cibicidoides mundulus (Brady, Parker and Jones); Loeblich and Tappan: pl. 25, fig. 4.
1986 Cibicidoides mundulus (Brady, Parker and Jones); van Morkhoven et al: p. 65, pl. 21.
1987 Cibicidoides mundulus (Brady, Parker and Jones); Loeblich and Tappan: p. 572, pl. 626, figs 1-3.
1987 Cibicidoides mundulus (Brady, Parker and Jones); Miller and Katz: p. 130, pl. 7, fig. 3.
1994 Cibicidoides mundulus (Brady, Parker and Jones); Jones: p. 99, pl. 95, fig. 6.
1996 Cibicidoides mundulus (Brady, Parker and Jones); Revets: pl. 1, figs 9-12.
Truncatulina mundula Brady, Parker, and Jones, 1888.
Depository of holotype not given. Lectotype (ZF 3585) deposited in the micropaleontological collections of the Natural History Museum, London, UK.
Recent. Olive-brown clay.
Plumper Station, Latitude 22°, 54'S, Longitude 40°, 37'W, over Abrolhos Bank, off the coast of Brazil; 4260 fm.
Test forms a biumbonate trochospire; subcircular in outline and nearly biconvex in cross-section with an involute, slightly more convex umbilical side, an evolute spiral side, and a subacute, imperforate periphery. The 10 to 12 moderately inflated chambers in the last whorl increase gradually in size and are separated by flush, curved sutures. Chamber walls are calcareous and finely perforate on the umbilical side; coarsely perforate on the spiral side. A coil of coarse perforations is visible through the clear umbo on the spiral side. The primary aperture is a narrow equatorial slit, bordered by a thin lip, and extends onto the spiral side.
We follow van Morkhoven et al. (1986) in considering C. kullenbergi (Parker) to be a junior synonym of C. mundulus (Brady, Parker, and Jones). The original figure shows that C. kullenbergi has strongly curved sutures on the umbilical side, in contrast to C. mundulus, which has straighter sutures. However, direct comparison between the lectotype of C. mundulus and the holotype of C. kullenbergi revealed that C. kullenbergi also had straight sutures on the umbilical side. The two taxa exhibit a similar range of variability in the degree of curvature of their sutures and in the size of their test and cannot, therefore, be distinguished as separate species on the basis of these criteria.
Cibicidoides mundulus (Brady, Parker, and Jones) can be distinguished from Cibicidoides pachyderma (Rzehak) by looking at the peripheral view: Cibicidoides pachyderma has an asymmetrical appearance, reminiscent of the central saucer of the Starship Enterprise, whereas C. mundulus exhibits a more symmetrical character reminiscent of a flying saucer from a 1950s sci-fi film (Katz, personal commun., 1998). Cibicidoides mundulus intergrades with Cibicidoides praemundulus Berggren and Miller over the last two zones of the Oligocene (Katz, personal commun., 1998).
Recorded from the Antarctic, the Bahamas, the Peru-Chile Trench, the North and South Atlantic, the Mediterranean, the Gulf of Mexico, the Pacific, the Tasman Sea, the Coral Sea, and the Indian Ocean (van Morkhoven et al. 1986).
Bathyal to abyssal.
Oligocene (Chattian) - Recent.
Cibicidoides
robertsonianus (Brady),
1881
Figure 4.10-12.
1881 Planorbulina robertsoniana Brady: p. 65.
1884 Truncatulina robertsoniana Brady: p. 664, pl. 95, figs 4a-c.
1940 Cibicides robertsonianus var. haitensis Coryell and Rivero: p. 335, pl. 44, figs 4-6.
1945 Gyroidina jarvisi Cushman and Stainforth: p. 62, pl. 11, fig. 3.
1976 Cibicides robertsonianus (Brady); Pflum and Frerichs: pl. 3, figs 3-5.
1986 Cibicidoides robertsonianus (Brady); van Morkhoven et al: p.41, pl. 11.
1987 Cibicidoides robertsonianus (Brady); Miller and Katz: p. 132, pl. 7, fig. 1.
1994 Cibicidoides robertsonianus (Brady); Jones: p. 99, pl. 95, fig. 4.
1998 Cibicidoides robertsonianus (Brady); Robertson: p. 206, pl. 81, fig. 3.
Planorbulina robertsoniana Brady, 1881, p. 65 (type reference) and Truncatulina robertsoniana Brady, 1884, p. 664, pl. 95, figs 4a-c (type figure).
Depository not given. Figured specimen deposited in the micropaleontological collections of the Natural History Museum, London, UK.
Recent.
Not given. Figured specimen from Challenger Station 24, off Culebra Island, north of St. Thomas, West Indies; 390 fm.
Test forms a trochospire; subcircular in outline and unequally biconvex in cross-section with a partially evolute, more convex umbilical side, an involute, convex umbilical side slightly depressed at the umbilicus, and a subacute, imperforate periphery. The 13 to 14 moderately inflated chambers in the last whorl (final chambers slightly more inflated) increase gradually in size and are separated by curved sutures; flush or slightly depressed on the umbilical side, thickened and flush on the spiral side. Sutures converge towards a large, glossy umbo on the umbilical side. Chamber walls are calcareous, thick and smooth, coarsely perforate on the spiral side, finely perforate on the umbilical side. Well- preserved specimens have distinctive rich brown-colored chambers visible through the transluscent wall. The primary aperture is a narrow equatorial slit, bordered by a thin lip, and extends onto the spiral side.
Cibicidoides robertsonianus (Brady) differs from Cibicidoides bradyi (Trauth) by its larger test, more angular periphery and more prominent imperforate periphery (van Morkhoven et al. 1986). Specimens from the middle Miocene intergrade with C. bradyi, which may be the ancestral form.
Worldwide. Recorded from the Pacific, Tasman Sea, Atlantic, Mediterranean, and Gulf of Mexico (van Morkhoven et al. 1986).
Bathyal to abyssal.
Miocene (Serravillian) - Recent.
Cibicidoides
subhaidingerii (Parr), 1950
Figure 4.13-15.
1884 Truncatulina haidingerii (d'Orbigny) (non d'Orbigny); Brady: p. 663, pl. 95, fig. 7.
1950 Cibicides subhaidingerii Parr: p. 364, pl. 15, fig. 7.
1963 ?Cibicidoides yoitaensis Matsunaga: p. 117, pl. 52, figs 3a-c.
1986 Cibicidoides subhaidingerii (Parr); van Morkhoven et al: p. 95, pl. 28.
1994 Cibicidoides subhaidingerii (Parr); Jones: p. 99, pl. 94, fig. 7.
1998 Cibicidoides subhaidingerii (Parr); Robertson: p. 208, pl. 81, fig. 4.
Cibicides subhaidingerii Parr, 1950.
Holotype and other specimens deposited temporarily at the University of Adelaide.
Recent.
B.A.N.Z.A.R.E. Station 115, latitude 41°03'S, longitude 148°42'E, off northeastern Tasmania, in 128 m water depth (frequent). Other localities given: Station 113, off Maria Island, off the east coast of Tasmania, in 122-155 m water depth (one good specimen); and Station 76, in the Indian Ocean, east of Albany, on the south coast of Western Australia, on the continental shelf, in 62 m water depth (less well-developed specimens). Common along the east coast of Australia.
Test forms a low trochospire; unequally biconvex in cross-section, with an involute, strongly convex umbilical side, a slightly convex, evolute spiral side, and a subrounded, imperforate periphery. The eight to 10 moderately inflated chambers in the last whorl increase gradually in size and are separated by limbate, flush, or slightly depressed sutures; radial, straight or slightly curved on the umbilical side, curved on the spiral side. Chamber walls are calcareous, thick, and coarsely perforate on both sides of the test. The primary aperture is a narrow equatorial slit bordered by a thin lip and extends onto the spiral side.
Specimens may differ from the holotype by having a more acute periphery, thus resembling the Early Miocene to mid-Pliocene Cibicidoides dutemplei (d'Orbigny). However, they differ from C. dutemplei by their large umbonal boss and lack of strongly curved, limbate umbilical sutures. They also resemble the Late Eocene to Early Miocene Cibicidoides mexicanus (Nuttall) but differ from it by having an umbonal boss, instead of an umbonal depression, and by more elongated last chambers on the spiral side.
Worldwide.
Neritic-lower bathyal.
90-1775 fm (Jones 1994).
Oligocene (Rupelian) - Recent.
Epistominella
exigua (Brady),
1884
Figure 4.16-18.
1884 Pulvinulina exigua Brady: p. 696, pl. 103, figs 13-14.
1951 Pseudoparrella exigua (Brady); Phleger and Parker: p. 28, pl. 15, fig. 6 (not fig. 7).
1951 Pulvinulinella exigua (Brady); Hofker: p. 322, text figs 219-221.
1987 Epistominella exigua (Brady); Miller and Katz: p. 132, pl. 5, figs 6a-b.
1989 Epistominella exigua (Brady); Hermelin: p. 67.
1990 Epistominella exigua (Brady); Thomas: p. 590.
1994 Alabaminoides exiguus (Brady); Jones: p. 103, pl. 103, figs 13-114.
1994 Pseudoparrella exigua (Brady); Loeblich and Tappan: p. 146, pl. 307, figs 1-7.
Pulvinulina exigua Brady, 1884.
Figured specimens (ZF2214, ZF2215) deposited in the micropaleontological collections of the Natural History Museum, London, UK.
Recent.
Not designated. Localities given: 12 stations in the North Atlantic (64-2740 fm); four in the South Atlantic (1025-2475 fm); three in the Southern Ocean (1300-2600 fm); ten in the South Pacific (129-2350 fm), and five in the North Pacific (15-2300 fm).
Test forms a small trochospire; slightly lobulate in outline and unequally biconvex in cross-section, with an evolute, slightly-convex spiral side, an involute, convex to nearly conical umbilical side, and an acute, keeled periphery. The five moderately-inflated chambers in the last whorl increase gradually in size and are separated by flush, oblique, thickened sutures on the spiral side, and by curved, slightly-depressed sutures on the umbilical side. Chamber walls are calcareous, finely perforate, and smooth. The primary aperture is an interiomarginal slit extending up the face of the final chamber on the umbilical side.
In Recent sediments, the initial chambers characteristically have a brownish colour. Useful indicator of pulsed organic matter paleofluxes.
Worldwide. Timor Sea (Loeblich and Tappan 1994); Weddell Sea, Antarctic (Thomas 1990); North Atlantic (Miller and Katz 1987); Indian Ocean, Atlantic, Pacific, and Gulf of Mexico (see references in Hermelin 1989).
Bathyal to abyssal. Predominantly lower bathyal to abysssal. Deep water (Brady 1884), lower bathyal (Thomas 1990), abyssal, >3.5 km (Miller and Katz 1987), reported from 15-2600 fm at Challenger stations (Jones 1994).
Characteristically occurs in areas of seasonally pulsed phytodetritus flux, where abundant food is episodically available (Smart et al. 1994; Gooday 1996).
Eocene (Lutetian) - Recent. Middle Eocene to late Eocene (rare), topmost Eocene to Pleistocene (common) according to Thomas (1990). Rare in early Oligocene, common to abundant in late Oligocene to Miocene (Miller and Katz 1987).
Laticarinina
pauperata (Parker and Jones),
1865
Figure 4.19-20.
Type species of the genus Laticarinina Galloway and Wissler, 1927.
1865 Pulvinulina repanda var. menardii d'Orbigny, subvar. pauperata Parker and Jones: p. 395, pl. 16, figs 50-51b.
1942 Laticarinina bulbrooki Cushman and Todd: p. 19, pl. 4, figs 8-9.
1942 Laticarinina crassicarinata Cushman and Todd: p. 18, pl. 4, figs 11-12.
1949 Laticarinina pauperata (Parker and Jones); Bermúdez: p. 309, pl. 23, figs 43-45.
1953 Laticarinina pauperata (Parker and Jones); Phleger et al: p. 49, pl. 11, figs 5-6.
1986 Laticarinina pauperata (Parker and Jones); van Morkhoven et al: p. 89, pl. 26.
1987 Laticarinina pauperata (Parker and Jones); Loeblich and Tappan: p. 578, pl. 631, figs 1-13.
1987 Laticarinina pauperata (Parker and Jones); Miller and Katz: p. 134, pl. 3, fig. 7.
1998 Laticarinina pauperata (Parker and Jones); Robertson: p. 210, pl. 84, figs 1-2.
Pulvinulina repanda Fichtel and Moll, var. menardii d'Orbigny, subvar. pauperata Parker and Jones, 1865.
Depository not given.
Recent.
Not designated.
Test strongly compressed, trochoid planoconvex in cross-section with evolute, flattened spiral and evolute, slightly convex umbilical side. Very broad, transparent, imperforate, peripheral keel projecting beyond the last chamber and showing sinuous growth lines. Twelve to 13 slightly inflated chambers in the last whorl in megalospheric forms and up to 22 chambers in microspheric forms. Chambers become loosely coiled, cuneiform on the umbilical side and reniform on the spiral side, and are separated by sutures, radial and slightly depressed on the umbilical side and indistinct on the spiral side. Chamber walls are calcareous, smooth, and finely perforate on both sides of the test. Earlier chambers often have a thin lining of chitin. The primary aperture is a subequatorial slit, or a supplementary opening that is present beneath the posterior umbilical margin.
Laticarinina is most probably a monospecific genus. Distinctive deep-water indicator. Occurs in relatively low numbers in assemblages.
Worldwide. Recorded from the North and South Atlantic, the Gulf of Mexico, the Caribbean, the Pacific, the Indian Ocean, the Arabian Sea, the Tasman Sea, the Ross Sea, the Weddell Sea, the Scotia Sea, the Mediterranean, and Europe and India (van Morkhoven et al. 1986).
Bathyal to abyssal. Most abundant in lower bathyal depths (Katz, personal commun., 1998).
Oligocene (Rupelian) - Recent. Doubtful in Oligocene Zone P18 (van Morkhoven et al. 1986).
