The discipline of theoretical morphology uses the computer simulation of growth processes in nature to assist in the search for the general growth "rules" governing the generation of biological form. The developmental models created in a theoretical morphologic analysis can then be used to create a "theoretical morphospace", a space that contains both existent and nonexistent biological form. A theoretical morphospace is a powerful tool in the analysis of the actual evolution of organic form in the fossil record, and has been used by the authors to analyze the convergent evolution of helical colony forms in the Bryozoa.
This paper gives the reader the computer source code used in simulating growth in helical colonies of bryozoans, and in the construction of a theoretical morphospace of helical colony form. It contains step-by-step instructions on how to set up a computer program for helical colony form simulation.
This paper has two goals: (1) to stimulate further research in the evolution of helical colony form in nature, and (2) to stimulate the teaching of the analytical techniques of theoretical morphology.