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Neoichnology of Sand Skinks: Tables

TABLE 1. Experimental parameters. 1, Basic morphology experiments. 2, Increased grain size experiments. 3, Increased sediment moisture experiments. C.O: Chalcides ocellatus specimen number. Grain size: FS: fine-grained sand, MS: medium-grained sand, CS: coarse-grained sand, AS: alternating fine-, medium-, and coarse-grained sand.

1. Experiment 1: Basic Morphology

Specimen

Terrarium

Grain Size

Temperature

% Moisture

Time (days)
C.O 7 38 L FS 32⁰C 0 7
C.O 2 38 L FS 32⁰C 0 7
C.O 4 114 L FS 32⁰C 0 7
C.O 6 114 L FS 32⁰C 0 7
C.O 2 38 L FS 32⁰C 0 14
C.O 6 38 L FS 32⁰C 0 14
C.O 4 114 L FS 32⁰C 0 14
C.O 7 114 L FS 32⁰C 0 14
           

2. Experiment 2: Grain Size

Specimen

Terrarium

Grain Size

Temperature

% Moisture

Time (days)
C.O 7 38 L MS 32⁰C 0 14
C.O 8 38 L MS 32⁰C 0 14
C.O 4 114 L MS 32⁰C 0 14
C.O 2 114 L CS 32⁰C 0 14
C.O 7 38 L CS 32⁰C 0 14
C.O 2 38 L CS 32⁰C 0 14
C.O 8 114 L CS 32⁰C 0 14
C.O 6 114 L AS 32⁰C 0 14
C.O 6 38 L AS 32⁰C 0 14
C.O 4 38 L AS 32⁰C 0 14
C.O 2 114 L AS 32⁰C 0 14
C.O 7 114 L AS 32⁰C 0 14

3. Experiment 3: Sediment Moisture

Specimen

Terrarium

Grain Size

Temperature

% Moisture

Time (days)
C.O 4 38 L FS 32⁰C 20 14
C.O 2 38 L FS 32⁰C 20 14
C.O 6 114 L FS 32⁰C 20 14
C.O 7 114 L FS 32⁰C 20 14

TABLE 2. Quantitative properties of sand skink structures in fine- (FS), medium- (MS), and coarse-grained (CS) sand. 1, Depth of homogenization. 2, Width of U- to V-shaped divots. 3, Height of U- to V-shaped divots. All values are in cm. Bold values are the calculated mean for the structures produced in each grain size. Italicized values are the p values from a two sample Mann-Whitney test; values <0.05 indicate a significant difference in the median rank value.

1. Homogenization Depth

 

2. Divot Width

 

3. Divot Height

FS

MS

CS

 

FS

MS

CS

 

FS

MS

CS
0.8 0.9 0.7   0.6 1.6 1.8   0.2 0.6 0.4
1.1 1 1   0.7 1.6 2.0   0.2 0.6 0.4
1.2 1.4 1.1   0.8 2.1 2.1   0.2 0.7 0.6
1.3 1.6 1.1   0.8 2.3 2.5   0.2 0.7 0.7
1.3 1.6 1.2   0.9 3.1 3.6   0.3 0.8 0.8
1.5 1.9 1.3   1.0 3.5 6.0   0.3 0.8 1.0
1.6 2.1 2.1   1.1 3.6     0.3 0.9  
1.7 2.4 2.4   1.2 4.1     0.3 1.0  
1.8 2.6 4   1.3 4.2     0.4 1.1  
3.3       1.5 4.4     0.4 1.4  
        1.5 4.6     0.4 1.4  
1.6 1.7 1.7   1.5 5.2     0.4 1.9  
        1.5       0.5    
FS/MS p=0.390     1.6       0.5    
FS/CS p=0.623     1.6       0.5    
MS/CS p=0.507     1.8       0.5    
        1.8       0.5    
        1.8       0.5    
        1.8       0.5    
        1.8       0.6    
        1.9       0.6    
        2.1       0.6    
        2.1       0.6    
        2.1       0.6    
        2.1       0.7    
        2.3       0.7    
        2.4       0.8    
        2.4       0.9    
        2.6       0.9    
        2.8       1.0    
        3.3       1.0    
        3.7       1.2    
        4.2       1.3    
        4.7       2.4    
                     
        1.9 3.3 3.0   0.6 1.0 0.7
                     
        FS/MS p=0.001     FS/MS p=0.001  
        FS/CS p=0.048     FS/CS p=0.434  
        MS/CS p=0.452     MS/CS p=0.073