TABLE 1. List of anatomical elements recovered from the individual of Crocuta spelaea from Los Aprendices. L left. R right. NR, number of remains; NISP, number of identified remains; MNE: minimum number of elements.
| Elements | MNE | NISP | NR | |
| Cranium | 1 | 12 | 12 | |
| Mandible | R | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| Mandible | L | 1 | 3 | 3 |
| Axis | 1 | 4 | 4 | |
| Cervical V. | 5 | 9 | 9 | |
| Thoracic V. | 7 | 26 | 26 | |
| Lumbar V. | 4 | 8 | 8 | |
| Ribs | 10 | 29 | 29 | |
| Scapula | L | 1 | 2 | 2 |
| Scapula | R | 1 | 2 | 2 |
| Humerus | R | 1 | 2 | 2 |
| Ulna | L | 1 | 2 | 2 |
| Ulna | R | 1 | 4 | 4 |
| Radius | R | 1 | 3 | 3 |
| Scapholunate | R | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| Capitate | R | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| Unciform | R | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| Capitate | L | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| Pisiform | R | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| Mtc II | R | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| Mtc III | R | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| Mtc IV | R | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| Mtc V | R | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| Mtc II | L | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| Mtc III | L | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| Mtc IV | L | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| Mtc V | L | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| Femur | R | 1 | 10 | 10 |
| Tibia | R | 1 | 2 | 2 |
| Tibia | L | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| Talus | R | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| Calcaneus | L | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| Calcaneus | R | 1 | 2 | 2 |
| Cuboid | L | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| Cuboid | R | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| Pyramidal | R | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| Scaphoid | R | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| Scaphoid | L | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| Cuneiform | R | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| Cuneiform | L | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| Mt II | R | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| Mtt III | R | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| Mtt IV | R | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| Mtt V | R | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| Mt II | L | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| Mtt III | L | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| Mtt IV | L | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| Mtt V | L | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| 1st phalanx | 12 | 16 | 16 | |
| 2nd phalanx | 8 | 9 | 9 | |
| 3rd phalanx | 4 | 4 | 4 | |
| Sesamoids | 13 | 13 | 13 | |
| 107 | 194 | 194 |
TABLE 2. Overview of NR, number of remains; NISP, number of identified remains; MNE, minimum number of elements; MNI, minimum number of individuals and the distribution by age of the fossils from Los Aprendices.
| MNI by ages | ||||||
| Taxa | NR | NISP | MNE | MNI | neonate | adult |
| Capra pyrenaica | 15 | 15 | 13 | 2 | 1 | 1 |
| Crocuta spelaea | 194 | 194 | 107 | 1 | 1 | |
| Unidentified (>4cm) | 8 | |||||
| Total | 217 | 209 | 120 | 3 | 1 | 2 |
TABLE 3. Cave hyena remains (NISP) affected by carnivore bites in the skeleton of Crocuta spelaea from Los Aprendices.
| NISP | Modified NISP | % Modified | |
| Axial skeleton | 96 | 11 | 11.5 |
| Zeugopod-stylopod | 24 | 6 | 25 |
| Autopod | 71 | 3 | 4.2 |
| Total | 191 | 20 | 10.5 |
TABLE 4. Number of cave hyena remains (NISP) affected by different types of bites in the skeleton of Crocuta spelaea from Los Aprendices.
| "Groove" | "Pit" | "Puncture" | Crenulated edge | Impact point | "Furrowing" | "Scoping out" | |
| Cervical V. | 2 | ||||||
| Thoracic V. | 1 | ||||||
| Lumbar V. | 3 | 2 | 1 | ||||
| Indet. V. | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2 | ||
| Scapula | 1 | 1 | |||||
| Ribs | 1 | 1 | 2 | 2 | |||
| Humerus | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | ||
| Ulna | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2 | |||
| Femur | 1 | 1 | |||||
| Tibia | 1 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 1 | ||
| Tarsal | 1 | 1 | |||||
| Phalanx | 2 | ||||||
| NISP | 4 | 8 | 7 | 5 | 3 | 16 | 2 |
TABLE 5. Measurements of the “pits”, “punctures” and grooves found in the skeleton of Crocuta spelaea from Los Aprendices. Abbreviations: min, minimum; max, maximum; σ, standard deviation; n, sample size; L, length; W, width.
| Pits in cancellous bone |
Punctures in cancellous bone |
"Pits" & "punctures" in cancellous bone | Grooves in cancellous bone | ||||||||
| Width | Length | L/W | Width | Length | L/W | Width | Length | L/W | Width | Length | |
| Mean | 2.38 | 3.21 | 1.35 | 3.61 | 4.49 | 1.2 | 2.91 | 3.77 | 1.31 | 1.6 | 5.7 |
| σ | 0.76 | 1.27 | 1.67 | 1.32 | 1.46 | 1.1 | 1.14 | 1.46 | 0.26 | 0.57 | 1.48 |
| Min. | 1.49 | 1.59 | 1.07 | 2.19 | 3.33 | 1.5 | 1.49 | 1.59 | 0.92 | 1.01 | 3.66 |
| Max. | 3.35 | 5.16 | 1.54 | 6.4 | 7.42 | 1.2 | 6.4 | 7.42 | 1.73 | 2.33 | 7.55 |
| n | 9 | 9 | 7 | 7 | 17 | 16 | 16 | 8 | 8 | ||
TABLE 6. Regression equations used for estimating the body mass of Crocuta spelaea and estimates of size obtained with them for the living hyenas modified of Pamlqvit et al., 2011. Deviations between estimated and actual masses for extant species [(mass estimate)/mass*100] are shown between brackets. Abbreviations: X, mean; min, minimum; max: maximum; BM, body mass; SKL, skull length; Lm1, lower carnassial length; HL, humerus length; FL, femur length.
| References | Equation | Los Aprendices | Crocuta spelaea | Crocuta crocuta (55 kg) |
Pachycrocuta brevirostris | ||||||
| N | X | min | max | N | |||||||
| Van Valkenburgh, 1990 | log10 (BM)= 3.13log10 (SKL) - 5.59 | 145.6 | 22 | 140 | 107.2 | 173.1 | 72 | 63 (14.5%) | 176 | ||
| log10 (BM)= 2.72log10 (Lm1) - 2.03 | 135.6 | 177 | 112.6 | 73 | 165 | 62 (12.7%) | 92 | ||||
| Anyonge, 1993 | log10 (BM)= 2.93log10 (HL) - 5.11 | 19 | 75.3 | 58.9 | 93.5 | 28 | 54 (-1.9%) | 115 | |||
| log10 (BM)= 2.92log10 (FL) - 5.27 | 67.5 | 15 | 69.7 | 57.1 | 86.6 | 52 (-5.5%) | 86 | ||||
| Christiansen, 1999 | log10 (BM)= 2.88log10 (HL) - 5.15 | 19 | 65.7 | 51.65 | 81.3 | 30 | 48 (-12.7%) | 89 | |||
| log10 (BM)= 2.86log10 (FL) - 5.15 | 63.6 | 15 | 65.6 | 54 | 81.2 | 199 | 49 (-10.9%) | 80 | |||
| Andersson, 2004 | log10 (BM)= 2.55log10 (TC) - 0.6 | 62 (12.7%) | 110 | ||||||||
| Average | 103 | 88.15 | 56 (1.8%) | 108 | |||||||
