TABLE A1. GenBank accession numbers for molecular sequences used in phylogenetic analyses.
| Taxon | 12S rDNA | 16S rDNA | COI | Cytochrome b | RAG-1 |
| A. forsteri | DQ137187 | DQ137147 | DQ137185 | DQ137225 | DQ137246 |
| A. patagonicus | AY139221 | DQ137148 | DQ137186 | AY138623 | DQ137247 |
| D. capense | X82517 | — | — | AF076046 | — |
| D. exulans | DQ137205 | DQ137165 | DQ137168 | DQ137208 | DQ137229 |
| E. chrysocome | AY139630 | — | DQ525796 | — | DQ525776 |
| E. chrysolophus | DQ137197 | DQ137157 | DQ137171 | AF076052 | DQ137223 |
| E. filholi | DQ525741 | — | DQ525781 | — | DQ525761 |
| E. moseleyi | DQ525746 | — | DQ525786 | — | DQ525766 |
| E. pachyrhynchus | U88007, X82522 | DQ137152 | DQ137170 | DQ137210 | DQ137231 |
| E. robustus | DQ137193 | DQ137153 | DQ137176 | DQ137126 | DQ137237 |
| E. schlegeli | DQ137196 | DQ137156 | DQ137175 | DQ137215 | DQ137236 |
| E. sclateri | DQ137194 | DQ137154 | DQ137169 | DQ137309 | DQ137230 |
| E. minor | NC004538 | DQ137164 | DQ137174 | NC 004538 | DQ137235 |
| G. immer | AF173577 | DQ137166 | DQ137167 | DQ137207 | DQ137288 |
| G. stellata | AF173587 | AY293618 | AY666477 | AF158250 | — |
| M. giganteus | X82523 | — | — | AF076060 | — |
| M. antipodes | DQ137198 | DQ137158 | DQ137184 | DQ137224 | DQ1372245 |
| O. oceanicus | — | — | DQ433048 | AF076062 | — |
| O. leucorhoa | — | — | AY666284 | AF0706064 | — |
| P. desolata | — | — | — | AF076068 | — |
| P. urinatrix | X82518 | — | — | AF076076 | DQ881818 |
| P. immutabilis | — | — | DQ433933 | PIU48949 | — |
| P. palpebrata | — | — | — | U48943 | DQ881822 |
| P. aequinoctialis | — | — | — | U74350 | — |
| P. brevirostris | NC007174 | NC007174 | NC007174 | NC007174 | — |
| P. gravis | AF175572 | AF173752 | DQ434014 | U74354 | |
| P. adeliae | AF173573 | DQ137149 | DQ137183 | DQ137223 | DQ137224 |
| P. antarctica | DQ137190 | DQ137150 | DQ137181 | AF076089 | DQ137242 |
| P. papua | DQ137191 | DQ137151 | DQ137182 | AF076090 | DQ137243 |
| S. demersus | DQ137199 | DQ137159 | DQ137177 | DQ137217 | DQ137238 |
| S. humboldti | DQ137201 | DQ137161 | DQ137180 | DQ137220 | DQ137241 |
| S. magellanicus | DQ137200 | DQ137160 | DQ137178 | DQ137218 | DQ137239 |
| S. mendiculus | DQ137202 | DQ137162 | DQ137179 | DQ137219 | DQ137240 |
| T. melanophrys | AY158677 | AY158677 | NC_007172 | U48955 | AY158677 |
| P. rubricauda | — | — | — | AF158251 | — |
TABLE A2. Comparative specimens examined and associated changes to characters of the phylogenetic data matrix.
| Taxon | Specimens | Coding changes (with abbreviated reference to character number in brackets—see Character List) |
| Anthropodyptes gilli | NMV P 17167 (Park and Fitzgerald, 2012) | 1 (BG121), 2 (BG122), 1 (CHa157), 1 (K133), 1 (CHb20), 2 (CHa176), 1 (CHa177), 0/1 (CHb31), 0 (BG126), 0 (BG128), 0 (K142), 2 (CHb37), 3 (BG127), 0 (CHb39), 2 (CHb3), 2 (C132), 0 (K128), 1 (CHb7), 1 (BG125), 1 (K134), 0/1 (K136), 0 (C143), 1 (BG128), 1 (A34), 1 (K141), 1 (K143) |
| Anthropornis grandis | IB/P/B-0483 (Myrcha et al., 2002), IB/P/B-0064, IB/P/B-0443, IB/P/B-0454, IB/P/B-0179, IB/P/B-0590 (Jadwiszczak, 2006a), specimens used within Jadwiszczak (2013) | 0 (BG120), 1 (A22), 1 (CHa157), 0 (K135), 0 (KT153), 1 (CHb17), 1/2 (BG125), ? (C144), ? (CHa176), ? (CHa177), ? (BG126), ? (K142), ? (K143), ? (K141), 1 (K158), 0 (KT203), 0 (K144), 0 (CL217), 0 (K124), 0/1 (This study 266), 1 (CHb50), 0 (CHb47) |
| Anthropornis nordenskjoeldi | IB/P/B-0070 (Myrcha et al., 1990; Myrcha et al., 2002), IB/P/B-0119, IB/P/B-0150, IB/P/B-0701, IB/P/B-0250b, IB/P/B-0501 (Jadwiszczak, 2006a), NHMUK A2013, USNM 402486 (Ksepka et al., 2006), NHMUK A. 3361, NHMUK A. 3348-3354, NHMUK A. 3356 (Marples, 1953), MLP 95-I-10-142 (Jadwiszczak, 2015), NRM-PZ A.45 (Wiman, 1905; Acosta Hospitaleche et al., 2017), specimens used within Jadwiszczak (2013), MLP 84-II-1-7 (cast) | 0 (CL217), 1 (A22), 0 (BG120), 0 (K124), 0/1 (CHa157), 1 (CHb7), 0 (KT153), 2 (CL220), 1 (K141), 1 (K158), 1 (CHb50), 0 (KT203), 2 (This study 203), 0 (K144), 1 (K144/CHa188), 0 (K145), 1 (KC187), 1 (BG135), 0 (BG136), 1 (C169), 0 (CHb31), 2 (BG128), 1 (KC166), 0 (KF239), 0 (This study 266), 0 (CHb49), 0 (CHb47), 0/1 (C132) |
| Aphrodroma brevirostris | figure 1: Mayr (2016) | 1 (K158), 0 (A72), 0 (This study 266), 0 (KT203), 0 (CHb50), 1 (CHb49), 1 (BG141) 2 (CHb47), 0 (CHb65), 0 (K163), 0 (CHb71), 0 (KT211), 1 (CHb46), 0 (CHb45), 1 (CHb44), 0 (CHb42), 1 (BG127), 1 (CHb37), 3 (K141), 3 (BG126), 0 (CL220), 0 (CHb20), 0 (K133), 0 (CHb17), 0 (CL222), 0 (CHb8), 0 (CHb3), 0 (BG122) |
| Aptenodytes forsteri | NHMUK 1905.12.30.419 (Jadwiszczak, 2015), NMV B 18320, CM AV17360 | 2 (K141), 2 (CHb50), 2 (K158), 0 (A72), 1 (This study 266), 0 (CHb49), 0 (BG141), 0 (CHb47), 0 (CHb64), 2 (CHb65), 2 (K163), 1 (CHb71), 0 (CHb72), 0 (KT211), 0/1 (LZ2366), 0 (CHb46), 1 (CHb45), 0 (CHb44), 2 (CHb43), 0 (CHb42), 1 (KF239), 3 (BG127), 2 (CHb37), 0 (BG126), 3 (CL220), 2 (CHb20), 3 (K133), 2 (CHb17), 1 (CHb16), 2 (CL222), 2 (CHb8), 1 (CHb7), 2 (CHb3), 2 (BG122) |
| Aptenodytes patagonicus | CM 1229, CM 1225, CM 1241, CM 1243, CM not registered, CM not registered, CM not registered, CM not registered | 1 (This study 266), 1 (KF239) |
| Archaeospheniscus lopdellorum | OM C.47.21 (Marples, 1952; Simpson, 1971b), OM GL428 | ? (K158), 0/1 (This study 266), 2 (This study 203), 1 (M246), 0 (KF239), 1 (CHb3), 2 (C132), ? (K137) |
| Archaeospheniscus lowei | OM C.47.20 (Marples, 1952; Simpson, 1971b), OM GL407 | 2 (K141), 2 (This study 203), 1 (M246), 1 (M247), 0 (KF239), 1 (CHb3), 3 (CL220) |
| Ardenna gravis | 0 (A72), 1 (K158), 0 (This study 266), 3 (CHb50), 2 (CHb49), 1 (BG141), 2 (CHb47), 0 (CHb61), 0 (CHb64), 0 (CHb65), 0 (K163), 0 (CHb71), 0 (CHb72), 0 (LZ2366), 0 (CHb46), 0 (CHb45), 1 (CHb44), 1 (CHb43), 0 (CHb42), 3 (K141), 3 (BG126), 0 (BG127), 0 (CHb20), 0 (K133), 0 (CHb17), 0 (CL222), 0 (CHb8), 0 (CHb3), 0 (BG122) | |
| Ardenna grisea | 0 (This study 266) | |
| Arthrodytes grandis | MLP M-606, MLP M-607, MLP M-608 (Acosta Hospitaleche, 2005) | 2 (CL223), 0 (KF235), 1 (KC137), 0 (K122), 1 (K124) |
| Burnside ‘Palaeeudyptes’ | OM C48.73-81 (Marples, 1952; Simpson, 1971b; Ksepka, 2007) | 0 (CHb47), 1 (M247), 1 (K141) |
| Chauna torquata | CM AV21208 | |
| Crossvallia unienwillia | MLP 00-I-10-1 (Tambussi et al., 2005; Jadwiszczak et al., 2013) | 2 (K141), 2 (K139), 1 (CL222), 1 (CL220) |
| ?Crossvallia waiparensis | CM 2018.23.9, CM 2016.158.2, CM 2016.158.3 | Coded in entirety, see NEXUS file |
| Cygnus olor | CM AV25436, CM AV23143 | |
| Daption capense | 0 (A72), 1 (K158), 1 (This study 266), 0 (KT203), 0 (CHb50), 1 (BG141), 0 (K163), 0 (CHb45), 0 (BG127), 3 (K141), 3 (BG126), 0 (CL220), 0 (K133), 0 (CHb17), 0 (CL222), 0 (CHb8), 0 (CHb3), 0 (BG122) | |
| Delphinornis arctowskii | IB/P/B-0484 (Myrcha et al., 2002), IB/P/B-0115 (Jadwiszczak, 2006a) | 1 (K159), 1 (K158), 1 (CHb50), 3 (CHa224), 1 (C169), 1 (This study 266), 1 (CHa229), 1 (K163), 1 (LZ2366), 2 (CHa233), 2 (CHa234) |
| Delphinornis gracilis | IB/P/B-0279a (Myrcha et al., 2002), IB/P/B-0130, IB/P/B-0408 (Jadwiszczak, 2006a) | 1 (K158), 2 (CHb50), 1 (K160), 0 (This study 266), 1/2 (K163), 0 (K160), 0/1 (LZ2366), 2/3 (CHa233) |
| Delphinornis larseni | IB/P/B-0062 (Myrcha et al., 2002), IB/P/B-0444, IB/P/B-0446, IB/P/B-0090, IB/P/B-0337 (Jadwiszczak, 2006a), IB/P/B-0440 (Jadwiszczak, 2006a; 2010), NRM-PZ A.21 (holotype) (Wiman, 1905; Acosta Hospitaleche et al., 2017), MLP 93-X-1-146, MLP 93-X-1-161 (Reguero et al., 2013), NRM-PZ A.994, IB/P/B-0547 (Jadwiszczak and Mörs, 2019) | 1 (CHb7), 0 (K135), 1 (K159), 2 (K144), 1 (K144/CHa188), 1 (BG121), 2 (BG122), 1 (CHb3), 0 (C132), 1 (CHa157), 0 (K128), 0 (CHb8), 2 (CL222), 1 (K129), 2 (BG123), 0 (BG124), 1 (CHb16), 2 (K133), 1 (CHb20), 0 (K136), 0 (K137), 0 (CHa176), 0 (CHa177), 0 (BG126), 2 (BG128), 3 (BG127), 0 (CHb39), 1 (M247), 1 (K158), 2 (This study 203), 1 (KC166), 0 (KF139), 0 (K145), 1 (C157), 1 (KC175), 1 (C169), 0/1 (This study 266), 1 (BG139), 0 (BG140), 1 (CHa229), 0 (K163), 0/1 (K160), 1 (LZ2366), 1 (OH16), 1 (CHb47), 0 (CHb50) |
| Diomedea exulans | CM AV7000, CM AV3351 | 0 (K158), 1 (This study 266), 0 (CHb50), 1 (CHb49), 1 (BG141), 1 (CHb50) |
| Duntroonornis parvus | OM C.47.31 (Marples, 1952; Simpson, 1971b) | 2 (K158), 0 (KF243), 2 (K158), 1 (K162), 0 (K157), 0 (K159), 2 (K160) |
| Eretiscus tonnii | MLP 81-VI-26-1, MLP 69-III-29-25 (Simpson, 1981) | 1/2 (This study 266), 1 (K158), ? (CHb45), 1 (M247), 1 (K141), 0 (CHa177), 1 (CHa157), 0 (CHb16), ? (K136) |
| Eudyptes calauina | SGO-PV 21451, SGO-PV 21449, SGO-PV 21447, SGO-PV 21488, SGO-PV 21487, SGO-PV 21444 (Chávez Hoffmeister et al., 2014) | 2 (BG122), 2 (CHb3), 1 (CHb7), 2 (CHb8), 1 (CHb16), 2 (CHb17), 2 (K133), 2 (CHb20), 1 (CHb31), 2 (CHb37), 3 (BG127), ? (CHb39), 0 (BG141), 1 (CHb43), 0 (CHb44), 1 (CHb45), 1 (CHb46), 1 (CHb47), 0 (CHb49), 2 (CHb50), 1 (CHb64), 2 (CHb65), 1 (CHb71), 0 (CHb72), 1 (LZ2366), 1 (This study 266), 0 (A72), 0 (CHb61), 0 (CHb42), 0 (CHb39), 3 (BG127), 2 (CHb37), 1 (CHb31), 2 (CHb20), 2 (K133), 2 (CHb17), 1 (CHb16), 1/2 (CHb8), 1 (CHb7), 2 (CHb3), 2 (BG122) |
| Eudyptes chrysocome | 0 (This study 266), 0/1 (CHb46), 1 (CHb45) | |
| Eudyptes chrysolophus | CM 1994-191 | 0 (A72), 2 (K158), 0 (This study 266), 2 (CHb50), 0 (CHb49), 0 (BG141), 1 (CHb47), 1 (CHb64), 2 (CHb65), 2 (K163), 1 (CHb71), 0 (CHb72), 0 (KT211), 1 (LZ2366), 0 (CHb46), 1 (CHb45), 0 (CHb44), 3 (BG127), 2 (CHb37), 2 (K141), 0 BG126), 3 (CL220), 3 (K133), 2 (CHb17), 1 (CHb16), 2 (CL222), 2 (CHb8), 1 (CHb7), 2 (CHb3), 2 (BG122) |
| Eudyptes filholi | 0 (A72), 1 (CHa229), 2 (K158), 0 (This study 266), 2 (CHb50), 0 (CHb49), 0 (BG141), 2 (CHb65), 2 (K163), 0 (CHb72), 0 (KT211), 1 (CHb45), 3 (BG127), 2 (CHb37), 2 (K141), 0 (BG126), 3 (CL220), 2 (CHb20), 3 (K133), 2 (CHb17), 1 (CHb16), 2 (CL222), 2 (CHb8), 1 (CHb7), 2 (CHb3), 2 (BG122) | |
| Eudyptes moseleyi | 0 (A72), 1 (CHa229), 2 (K158), 0 (This study 266), 2 (CHb50), 0 (BG141), 1 (CHb64), 2 (CHb65), 2 (K163), 1 (CHb71), 0 (CHb72), 0 (KT211), 1 (LZ2366), 0/1 (CHb46), 1 (CHb45), 0 (CHb44), 3 (BG127), 2 (CHb37), 2 (K141), 0 (BG126), 3 (CL220), 2 (CHb20), 3 (K133), 2 (CHb17), 1 (CHb16), 2 (CL222), 2 (CHb8), 1 (CHb7), 2 (CHb3), 2 (BG122), 0 (CHb49) | |
| Eudyptes pachyrhynchus | OM 309 (Triche, 2007) | 2 (CHb50), 2 (K158), 0 (A72), 0 (This study 266), 0 (CHb49), 0 (BG141), 2 (CHb65), 2 (K163), 0 (CHb72), 0 (KT211), 1 (CHb45), 3 (BG127), 2 (CHb37), 2 (K141), 0 (BG126), 3 (CL220), 2 (CHb20), 3 (K133), 2 (CHb17), 1 (CHb16), 2 (CL222), 2 (CHb8), 1 (CHb7), 2 (CHb3), 2 (BG122) |
| Eudyptes robustus | 0 (A72), 2 (K158), 0 (This study 266), 2 (CHb50), 0 (CHb49), 0 (BG141), 2 (CHb65), 2 (K163), 0 (CHb72), 1 (CHb45), 2 (CHb37), 2 (K141), 0 (BG126), 3 (BG127), 3 (CL220), 2 (CHb20), 3 (K133), 2 (CHb17), 1 (CHb16), 2 (CL222), 2 (CHb8), 1 (CHb7), 2 (CHb3), 2 (BG122) | |
| Eudyptes schlegeli | 0 (BG141), 1 (CHb45), 0 (BG126), 3 (CL220), 2 (BG122) | |
| Eudyptes sclateri | OM AV7861 (Triche, 2007) | 2 (K158), 0 (A72), 0 (This study 266), 2 (CHb50), 0 (CHb49), 0 (BG141), 2 (CHb65), 2 (K163), 0 (CHb72), 1 (CHb45), 3 (BG127), 2 (CHb37), 2 (K141), 0 (BG126), 3 (CL220), 2 (CHb20), 3 (K133), 2 (CHb17), 1 (CHb16), 2 (CL222), 2 (CHb8), 1 (CHb7), 2 (CHb3), 2 (BG122) |
| Eudyptula minor | FUR 019, FUR 208 | 1 (LZ2366), 0 (This study 266), 0/1 (CHb39), 2 (K158), 2 (CHb50) |
| Gavia immer | USNM 502462 | 0 (K158), 3 (CHb50) |
| Gavia stellata | CM AV10284 | 0 (K158) |
| Hakataramea penguin | OU 21977 (Ando, 2007) | 1 (M247), 2 (C132) |
| Hydrobates leucorhous | USNM 614217 | 0 (K158), 2 (This study 266), 0 (A72), 0 (K158), 3 (CHb50), 2 (CHb49), 1 (BG141), 1 (CHb47), 0 (CHb61), 0 (CHb64), 0 (CHb65), 0 (K163), 1 (CHb71), 0 (CHb72), 0 (LZ2366), 0 (CHb46), 0 (CHb45), 0 (CHb44), 1 (CHb43), 0 (CHb42), 0 (BG127), 1 (CHb37), 2 (BG126), 0 (CL220), 0 (K134), 0 (CHb20), 2 (K133), 0 (CHb17), 0 (CHb8), 0 (CHb3), 0 (BG122) |
| Hydrobates tethys | 2 (This study 266) | |
| Icadyptes salasi | MUSM 897 (Ksepka et al., 2008) | 2 (This study 203), 0 (K141), 2/3 (CL220) |
| Inguza predemersus | ISAM L6510, ISAM PQL28195, ISAM PQL23012, ISAM PQL23003, ISAM PQL28254, ISAM PQL28251 (Ksepka and Thomas, 2012) | 2 (K141), 2 (BG122), 2 (CHb3), 2 (C132), 1 (CHa157), 2 (CHb8), 1/2 (K127), 2 (CL222), 1 (CHb16), 1 (K133), 1/2 (CHb20), 3 (CL220), 1 (C143), 1/2 (CHa176), 0 (CHa177), 1 (CHb31), 2 (BG128), 2 (K142), 2 (CHb37), 3 (BG127), 0 (CHb39), 1 (KF239), 3 (K144/CHa188), 1 (M246), 0 (K145), 2 (This study 203), 1 (CHb47), 0 (CHb64), 1 (CHa229), 1 (M247), 2 (CHb17), 1/2 (K134), 1 (A34), 1 (CHb43), 0 (CHb44), 1 (CHb45), 1 (CHb46), 0 (CHb49), 2 (K158), 2 (CHa219), 1 (CHb61), 0 (A72), 2, (CHb65), 0 (This study 266), 1 (LZ2366), 1 (KT211), 0 (CHb72), 0 (CHb71), 2 (K159), 3 (CHa233), 1 (K160) |
| Inkayacu paracasensis | MUSM 1444 (Clarke et al., 2010) | 1 (KF236), 1 (K141), 2 (This study 203), 2 (This study 266), 1 (K158), 1 (CHb47), 0/1 (K141), 1 (CHb3), 2/3 (CHa233), 1 (CL220), 0 (CHb50) |
| Kaiika maxwelli | OU 22402 (Fordyce and Thomas, 2011) | 1/2 (BG125), 0 (A34), 2 (BG128), 1 (K135), 1 (CL222) |
| Kairuku grebneffi | OU 22094, OU 22065 (Ksepka et al., 2012) | 2 (This study 203), 1 (This study 266), 1 (K158), 0/1 (CHb47), 0/1 (K141), 2/3 (CL220), 1 (C132) |
| Kairuku waitaki | OU 12652 (Ksepka et al., 2012) | 1 (K158), 1 (This study 266), 1 (CHb47), 1 (C132) |
| Korora oliveri | OM C.50.63 (Marples, 1952; Simpson, 1971b) | Coded in entirety, see NEXUS file |
| Kumimanu biceae | NMNZ S.45877 (Mayr et al., 2017b) | 1 (CHb20), 0 (CHb16), 1 (KT153), 1 (CL222) |
| Leptoptilos sp. | CM AV37491 | |
| Macronectes giganteus | CM AV20407, CM AV14405 | 0 (A72), 1 (K158), 1 (This study 266), 0 (KT203), 1 (BG141), 0 (K163), 0 (CHb45), 0 (BG127), 3 (K141), 3 (BG126), 0 (CL220), 0 (K133), 0 (CHb17), 0 (CL222), 0 (CHb8), 0 (CHb3), 0 (BG122) |
| Madrynornis mirandus | MEF-PV 100 (Acosta Hospitaleche et al., 2007) | 1/2 (K141), 1 (This study 266), 2 (This study 203), 1 (M247) |
| Marplesornis novaezealandiae | CM AV 16527 | 2 (This study 203), 1/3 (K144/CHa188), 1 (M246), 1 (M247), 2 (K144), 0 (KF239), 2 (K141), 0 (BG126), 3 (CL220), 3 (K133), 1 (CHb16), 0 (K135), 2 (CL222), 2 (CHb3), 2 (BG122) |
| Marambiornis exilis | IB/P/B-0490 (Myrcha et al., 2002), IB/P/B-0434, IB/P/B-0406 (Jadwiszczak, 2006a) | 0 (This study 266), 0 (CHb50), 1 (LZ2366), 3 (CHa233), 2 (CHa234) |
| Megadyptes antipodes | 2 (CHa233), 0/1 (This study 266) | |
| Mesetaornis polaris | IB/P/B-0278 (Myrcha et al., 2002), IB/P/B-0215, IB/P/B-0207 (Jadwiszczak, 2006a) | 1 (AH38), 0 (This study 266), 1 (CHa229), 1 (K158), 1 (K163), 3 (CHa233), 2 (CHa234) |
| Muriwaimanu tuatahi | CM zfa 34, CM 2008.145.3, CM 2009.99.1, OU 12651, CM 2010.108.3 | 1 (This study 203), 1 (K144/CHa188), 2 (K127), 2 (This study 266), 0 (CHa234), 1 (BG138), 0 (KF239), 3 (BG127), 2 (BG128), 1 (CL220), 0 (CHb16), 1 (KT153), 1 (K135), 1 (CL222), 0 (KF236), 1 (KC142), 0/1 (K124), 0/1 (CHb46), 0 (CHa157), ? (C143) |
| Notodyptes wimani | IB/P/B-0491 (Myrcha et al., 2002), IB/P/B-0176, IB/P/B-0641, IB/P/B-0110 (Jadwiszczak, 2006a), IB/P/B-0284, NHMUK A3331 | 1 (BG121), 2 (BG122), 1 (CHa157), 1 (CHb7), 0 (CHb8), 0 (K127), 2 (CL222), 1 (K129), 2 (BG123), 0 (BG124), 1 (CHb16), 2 (BG125), 2 (K133), 1 (CHb20), 1 (CL219), 0 (K136), 0 (CHa177), 1 (CHb31), 0 (BG126), 1/2 (BG128), 1 (K143), 0 (BG136), 1 (This study 266), 0 (CL221), 1 (K141), 2/3 (CL220), 1/2 (C132), 1 (CHb17) |
| Nucleornis insolitus | ISAM-PQ-MBD4, ISAM-PQ-MBD3 (Simpson, 1979) | 2 (K158), 0 (KF243), 2 (CHb65), 0 (A72), 0 (CHa229), 3 (CHa224), 0 (CHb49), 1 (CHb43), 1/2 (CHb42), 1 (CHa219), ? (KT211), 2 (CHb50), 1/2 (CHb47), 0 (CHb44), 1 (CHb45), 0 (CHb46), 0/1 (CHb61), 0 (CHb64), 2 (K159), 3 (CHa233), 1 (LZ2366) |
| Oceanites oceanicus | 0 (A72), 1 (K158), 2 (This study 266), 0 (KT203), 3 (CHb50), 1 (BG141), 0 (K163), 0 (CHb45), 1 (BG127), 3 (K141), 2 (BG126), 0 (CL220), 2 (K133), 0 (CHb17), 0 (CL222), 0 (CHb8), 0 (CHb3), 0 (BG122) | |
| Pachydyptes ponderosus | NMNZ OR. 1450 | 1 (K141), 2/3 (CL220) |
| Pachydyptes simpsoni | P.14157, P.14158 (Jenkins, 1974) | 1 (BG121), 2 (BG122), 2 (K133), 1 (CHb20), 0 (K134), 2 (CL220), 1 (CHa177), 0 (KF239) |
| Pachyptila desolata | 0 (A72), 1 (K158), 0 (This study 266), 3 (CHb50), 1 (BG141), 0 (K163), 0 (CHb45), 0 (BG127), 3 (K141), 2 (BG126), 0 (CL220), 0 (K134), 0 (K133), 0 (CHb17), 0 (CL222), 0 (CHb8), 0 (CHb3), 0 (BG122) | |
| Palaeeudyptes antarcticus | NHMUK A.1084 (Huxley, 1859; Simpson, 1971b), OU 22167 (Ksepka et al., 2012) | 1 (K158), 1 (K160), 0 (This study 266), 2 (CHa219) |
| Palaeeudyptes gunnari | IB/P/B-0072 (Myrcha et al., 1990; Myrcha et al., 2002), IB/P/B-0306, IB/P/B-0151, IB/P/B-05896, IB/P/B-0654, IB/P/B-0103, IB/P/B-0083, IB/P/B-0455, IB/P/B-0692 (Jadwiszczak, 2006a), MLP 96-I-6-13 (Acosta Hospitaleche and Reguero, 2010), NRM-PZ A.7 (holotype) (Wiman, 1905; Chávez Hoffmeister, 2014b; Acosta Hospitaleche et al., 2017), specimens used within Jadwiszczak (2013) | 0 (BG120), 1 (K158), 0 (KT203), 0/1 (K160), 2 (This study 203), 0 (CL217), 0 (K124), 0/1 (K144), 2 (K144/CHa188), 0 (BG136), 1 (C169), 0 (This study 266), 1 (C132), 2/3 (CL220) |
| Palaeeudyptes klekowskii | IB/P/B-0065 (Myrcha et al., 1990), MLP 11-II-20-07 (Acosta Hospitaleche and Reguero, 2014), IB/P/B-0485 (Myrcha et al., 2002; Jadwiszczak, 2015), IB/P/B-0331, IB/P/B-0578, IB/P/B-0250a (Jadwiszczak, 2006a), MLP 94-II-15-175 | 1 (K158), 1 (CHb50), 0/1 (K160), 2 (This study 203), 0/1 (K144), 2 (K144/CHa188), 0 (K145), 1 (C155), 1 (C157), 0 (C158), 1 (KC175), 0 (KC176), 1 (KC187), 2 (BG135), 0 (BG136), 1 (C169), 0/1 (This study 266), 1 (C132), 3 (CL220) |
| Palaeeudyptes marplesi | OM C.50.28 (Simpson, 1971b) | 0 (This study 266), 1 (K158), 2 (CHb47) |
| Palaeospheniscus bergi | NHMUK A694 (Jadwiszczak, 2015), P. planus MACN (unnumbered) (Ameghino, 1905: plate 1, 2, figure 7), Paraspheniscus (Ameghino, 1905: pl. 2, fig. 12) | 1 (K158), 1 (M247), 0/1 (CHb50) |
| Palaeospheniscus biloculata | Perispheniscus wimani (Ameghino, 1905: plate 2, 3, figure 14, 15), supplemented by descriptions from Acosta Hospitaleche (2007) and Acosta Hospitaleche and Tambussi (2008) | 2 (CHb50) |
| Palaeospheniscus patagonicus | AMNH No. 3297 (Simpson, 1946), MPEF-PV 3060, MPEF-PV 3070 (Acosta Hospitaleche et al., 2008) | 1 (K158), 2 (This study 203), 2 (This study 266), 1 (M246), 1 (M247), 2 (CHb17), 0 (CHb50), 2 (BG128) |
| Paraptenodytes antarcticus | AMNH 3338 (Bertelli et al., 2006) | 2 (K141), 1 (K158), 0 (This study 266) |
| Paraptenodytes brodkorbi | plate 5, figure 29a and b (Ameghino, 1905) | 1 (C132) |
| Paraptenodytes robustus | BM(NH) A/151 (Simpson, 1972) | 1 (CL222), 1 (CHa157), 1 (C132), 1 (CHb7) |
| Pelecanoides urinatrix | 1 (K158), 0 (This study 266), 3 (CHb50), 1 (BG141), 1 (BG127) | |
| Pelecanus conspicillatus | CM AV37035 | |
| Perudyptes devriesi | MUSM 889 (Ksepka and Clarke, 2010) | 1 (K141), 1 (This study 266), ? (K163), 0 (K141), 1 (CL222), 2 (CHa233) |
| Phaethon rubricauda | NMV B12819 | Coded in entirety, see NEXUS file |
| Phalacrocorax carbo | CM AV9775, CM AV19114, CM AV9774 | |
| Phoebastria immutabilis | 0 (A72), 0 (K158), 1 (This study 266), 0 (CHb50), 1 (BG141), 0 (K163), 0 (CHb45), 0 (BG127), 3 (K141), 3 (BG126), 0 (CL220), 0 (K133), 0 (CHb17), 0 (CL222), 0 (CHb8), 0 (CHb3), 0 (BG122) | |
| Phoebetria palpebrata | 0 (A72), 0 (K158), 1 (This study 266), 0 (CHb50), 1 (BG141), 0 (K163), 0 (CHb45), 0 (BG127), 3 (K141), 3 (BG126), 0 (CL220), 0 (K133), 0 (CHb17), 0 (CL222), 0 (CHb8), 0 (CHb3), 0 (BG122) | |
| Phoeicopterus sp. | CM not registered | |
| Platydyptes amiesi | OM C.50.61, OM C.50.62 (Simpson, 1971b; Ando, 2007) | 1 (M247), 1 (KF239), 1 (K141), 2 (CL222), 1 (CHb17), 1 (CL219), 0 (C143), 0 (CHb31), 1 (KC166) |
| Platydyptes marplesi | OM C.47.15 (Marples, 1952; Ando, 2007), OU 21946 (from Ando, 2007; used as per Chávez Hoffmeister, 2014b) Note: Ando (2007) considered the holotype of Duntroonornis parvus (OM C.47.31) to be synonomous with this taxon. However, because this study has not been published, this specimen has not been formally synonomised with P. marplesi and is referred to as Duntroonornis parvus here. | 2 (This study 203), 1 (M246), 1 (M247), 1 (KF239), 0 (KC142), 0 (CHb7), 0 (KT153), 0 (CHb31), 2 (A34), 1 (C155), 0 (CHb44), 0 (CHb47), ? (KF243), ? CHa219), 2 (CHa233), 0 (CHb71), 1 (LZ2366), 0/2 (CHa234) |
| Platydyptes novaezealandiae | DM 1451/OU 21797 (Simpson, 1971b; Ando, 2007), OU 21805 (from Ando, 2007; used as per Chávez Hoffmeister, 2014b) | 2 (This study 203), 2 (K158), 1 (M246), 1 (M247), ? (CL222), ? (K133), ? (CHb20), 1 (CL219), ? (CHb31), ? (BG128), 0 (CHb44), 0/1 (CHb47), 0 (CHb50), 1 (KT203), 1 (CHb72) |
| Podiceps crisatus | CM AV38913, CM AV10285, CM AV36143, CM AV36812 | |
| Procellaria cinerea | 0 (A72), 1 (K158), 0 (This study 266), 1 (BG141), 0 (K163), 0 (CHb45), 0 (BG127), 3 (K141), 3 (BG126), 0 (CL220), 0 (K133), 0 (CHb17), 0 (CL222), 0 (CHb8), 0 (CHb3), 0 (BG122) | |
| Pseudaptenodytes macraei | NMV P 26668, NMV P27055, NMV P27056 (Simpson, 1970; Park, 2014) | 1 (BG121), 2 (BG122), 2 (CHb3), 2 (C132), 0 (CHa157), 2 (K127), 2 (CL222), 2 (K129), 1 (CHb16), 2 (K133), 2 (CHb20), 1 (C143), 0 (CHa177), 0 (K160), 1 (CHb7), 2 (CHb8), 2 (CHb17), 1/2 BG125), 1 (K134), 3 (CL220), 0 (C144), 1 (M247), 1 (C155), 0 (C156), 1 (C157), 1 (KC175), 0 (KC176), 0/1 (K137) |
| Pygoscelis adeliae | USNM 554802; Unassigned (from Jadwiszczak, 2015), CM not registered, CM not registered | 2 (CHb50), 2 (K158), 1 (This study 266), 0 (A72), 0 (CHb49), 0 (BG141), 0 (CHb47), 0/1 (CHb64), 2 (CHb45), 2 (K163), 0 (CHb71), 0 (CHb72), 0 (KT211), 0/1 (CHb46), 1 (CHb45), 0 (CHb44), 1 (CHb43), 3 (BG127), 2 (CHb37), 2 (K141), 0 (BG126), 3 (CL220), 2 (CHb20), 3 (K133), 1 (CHb16), 2 (CL222), 2 (CHb8), 1 (CHb7), 2 (CHb3), 2 (BG122), 2 (CHb17) |
| Pygoscelis antarcticus | 2 (CHa233), 0 (A72), 2 (K158), 0 (This study 266), 2 (CHb50), 0 (CHb49), 0 (BG141), 1 (CHb47), 0/1 (CHb64), 2 (CHb65), 2 (K163), 1 (CHb71), 0 (KT211), 1 (CHb46), 0 (CHb45), 1 (CHb43), 0 (CHb42), 3 (BG127), 2 (CHb37), 2 (K141), 0 (BG126), 3 (K133), 2 (CHb17), 1 (CHb16), 2 (CL222), 2 (CHb8), 1 (CHb7), 2 (CHb3), 2 (BG122) | |
| Pygoscelis grandis | SGO-PV-1104, SGOPV-1105, SGOPV-1106, SGOPV-1107, SGOPV-1108 (Walsh and Suárez, 2006) | 2 (K158), 1 (This study 266), 0 (A72), 2 (CHb50), 0 (CHb49), 0 (BG141), 0 (CHb47), 0 (CHb64), 2 (CHb65), 2 (K163), 0/1 (CHb71), 0 (CHb72), 1 (CHb45), 1 (KC137), 0 (A22), 0 (K122), 2 (BG122), 2 (CHa157), 2 (CL217), 1 (KF235), 2 (CHb8), 2 (CL222), 1 (CHb16), ? (CL220), 1 (CHb31), 0 (BG126), 0 (BG128), 2 (K141), 2 (K142), 2 (CHb37), 3 (BG127), 2 (This study 203), 1 (AH38), 1 (AH37), 0 (CHb42), 2 (CHb43), 0 (CHb44), 1 (CHb46), 2/3 (K159), 0 (KT211), 0 (LZ2366), 2 (K127), 2 (K129), 0 (K135), 2 (CHb17), 0 (CHb39), 2 (K143), 0 (K145), 0 (KC187), 1 (BG135), 0 (KF242), 0/1 (CHa219), 0 (CHb61), 2/3 (CHa233), 1 (A73) |
| Pygoscelis papua | CM 1992-224, CM 1993-90 | 0 (This study 266) |
| SAM P 7158 cf. Palaeeudyptes | SAM P 7158 (Simpson, 1957; Park and Fitzgerald, 2012) | 1 (M247), 0 (K142), 0 (K141), 1 (BG128), 1 (BG126), 0 (CHb31), 0 (CHa177), 1 (CHa176), 0 (K134), 1 (CHb20), 2 (K133), 1 (K129), 0 (K127), 0 (CHb8), 1 (CHb3), 2 (BG122), 1 (BG121), 2 (CHb37), 1 (CHb17), 1 (CHb16), 0 (K135), 1 (CL222), 0 (CHb7), 1/2 (CL222), 0/1 (K137), 3 (BG127), 0 (K143) |
| Sequiwaimanu rosieae | CM 2016.6.1 | 2 (K141), 1 (This study 203), 1/2 (K144/CHa188), 0 (K144), 2 (BG122), 1 (AH37), 0 (KF239), 0 (K143), 0 (CHb39), 3 (BG127), 2 (CHb37), 0 (K142), 0 (A34), 2 (BG128), 1 (CHb31), 0 (CHa177), 0 (CHa176), 1 (CHb20), 1 (CHb17), 0 (CHb16), 1 (KT153), 1 (CL222), 0 (CHb8), 1 (CHb7), 1 (CHa157), 1 (CHb3), 0 (C132) |
| Sphenisciformes indet. NMV P221273 | NMV P221273 (Park et al., 2016) | 1 (CHa177), 1 (M247), 3 (CHb37), 2 (K142), 1 (BG128), 0 (BG126), 1 (CHb31), 3 (CHa176), 1 (C143), 3 (CL220), 1 (CHb20), 2 (K133), 1 (CHb16), 0 (K135), 2 (K129), 2 (CL222), 2 (K127), 2 (CHb8), 0 (CHa157), 1 (C132), 2 (CHb3), 1 (BG122), 1 (BG121), 1 (CL222), 0 (CHb7), 2 (C132), 1 (CHb7), 2 (CL222), 2 (CHb17), 1/2 (CHb20), 1 (A34), 2 (K141), 0 (CHb39), 1 (K143) |
| Sphenisciformes indet. SAM P 10863 | SAM P 10863 (Simpson, 1957; Park and Fitzgerald, 2012) | 0 (CHa177), 0 (K137), 3 (CL220), 1 (CL219), 1 (K134), 1 (CHb20), 2 (K133), 2 (CL222), 0 (K127), 0 (CHb8), 1 (CHa157), 0 (C132), 1 (CHb3), 2 (BG122), 1 (BG121), 1 (M247), 1 (CHb17), 1 (CHb16), 0 (K135), 1 (CHb7), 1 (CHb3), 0 (K128), 1 (K129), ? (K134) |
| Spheniscus demersus | FUR 209 | 0 (A72), 2 (CHa229), 2 (K158), 1/2 (This study 266), 2 (CHb50), 0 (CHb49), 0 (BG141), 2 (CHb65), 2 (K163), 0 (CHb72), 1 (KT211), 1 (CHb46), 1 (CHb45), 1 (CHb44), 1 (CHb43), 1 (CHb42), 3 (BG127), 2 (CHb37), 1 (K141), 0 (BG126), 3 (CL220), 3 (K133), 2 (CHb17), 0 (CHb16), 2 (CL222), 2 (CHb8), 1 (CHb7), 2 (CHb3), 2 (BG122) |
| Spheniscus humboldti | CM 1993-91, CM 1994-31, CM 1997-113, NHMUK 1998.12.8 | 1 (This study 266), 2 (CHa229), 1 (CHb39) |
| Spheniscus magellanicus | NHMUK 2001.45.1 (Jadwiszczak, 2015) | 2 (CHb50), 2 (K158), 0 (A72), 1/2 (This study 266), 0 (CHb49), 0 (BG141), 2 (CHb65), 2 (K163), 0 (CHb72), 1 (KT211), 1 (LZ2366), 0/1 (CHb46), 1 (CHb45), 1 (CHb43), 0 (CHb42), 1 (CHb39), 3 (BG127), 2 (CHb37), 0 (BG126), 3 (CL220), 3 (K133), 2 (CHb17), 0 (CHb16), 2 (CL222), 2 (CHb8), 1 (CHb7), 2 (CHb3), 2 (BG122) |
| Spheniscus megaramphus | MUSM 2087 (Chávez Hoffmeister, 2014a) | 0 (A72), 0 (K157), 0 (CHb49), 0 (BG141), 2 (CHb47), 1 (B139), 0 (K157), 2 (CHb64), 2 (CHb65), 3 (K159), 2 (K163), 1 (K160), 1 (CHb71), 0 (CHb72), 1 (A73), 1 (LZ2366), 1 (CHb46), 1 (CHb45), 1 (KT211), 1 (CHb44) |
| Spheniscus mendiculus | 0 (BG141), 1 (CHb45), 0 (BG126), 3 (CL220), 2 (BG122) | |
| Spheniscus muizoni | MNHN PP1 147d (Göhlich, 2007) | 2 (This study 203), 0 (A72), 0 (This study 266), 1/2 (CHa229), 2 (CHb50), 0 (CHb49), 0 (BG141), 2 (CHb47), 2 (CHb64), 2 (CHb65), 0 (CHb72), 1 (CHb45), 0/1 (CHb44), 1 (M246), 1 (KF239), 3 (BG127), 2 (CHb37), 1 (K141), 0 (BG126), 3 (CL220), 2 (CHb20), 3 (K133), 1 (CHb16), 2 (CL222), 1 (CHb7), 2 (CHb3), 2 (BG122) |
| Spheniscus urbinai | MUSM 898, MUSM 401 (Chávez Hoffmeister, 2014a) | 1 (K141), 2 (This study 203), 0 (A72), 0 (CHb49), 0 (BG141), 2 (CHb47), 2 (CHb64), 2 (CHb65), 2 (K163), 1 (CHb71), 0 (CHb72), 0 (KT211), 0/1 (A73), 0 (LZ2366), 1 (CHb46), 1 (CHb45), 1 (CHb44), 0 (BG126), 3 (CL220), 2 (CHb17), 1 (CHb16), 2 (CHb8), 2 (BG122) |
| Thalassarche cauta | CM AV14476, CM AV36796, CM AV14738, CM AV22627 | |
| Thalassarche melanophris | 0 (A72), 0 (K158), 0 (This study 266), 0 (CHb50), 1 (BG141), 0 (K163), 0 (CHb45), 0 (BG127), 3 (K141), 3 (BG126), 0 (CL220), 0 (K133), 0 (CHb17), 0 (CL222), 0 (CHb8), 0 (CHb3), 0 (BG122) | |
| Waimanu manneringi | CM zfa 35 | 0 (This study 266), 0 (CHa234), 1 (BG138), 1 (AH37) |
| Waipara Greensand Giant penguin | CM 2016.158.1 | 1 (This study 266) |
