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Volume 27.1
January–April 2024
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ISSN: 1094-8074, web version;
1935-3952, print version
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APPENDIX 1.
List of angiosperm pollen grains described in the present work.
APPENDIX 3.
Elia Ramírez-Arriaga
Departamento de Paleontología
Instituto de Geología
Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México
Av. Universidad 3000
Ciudad Universitaria
C.P. 04510
México, Distrito Federal
elia@unam.mx
ELIA RAMÍREZ ARRIAGA is a researcher at the Institute of Geology, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM). She received a B.S.c degree in Biology from the UNAM in 1989, majoring in Palynology, and has been working since 1992 in the UNAM Palynology Laboratory, Paleontology Department, Institute of Geology. She achieved an UNAM Ph.D. in Biological Sciences in 2005, for doctoral research on Cenozoic palynostratigraphy based on pollen grains and spores. She currently teaches Palynology in the Biological Sciences Postgraduate Program, UNAM, and conducts research on both Cenozoic Palynology and Actuopalynology (Melissopalynology and Aeropalynology). She has experience working with Paleogene and Neogene palynofloras recovered both from south-central continental Mexican paleobasins and from marine paleobasins in Baja California Sur. She is contributing to the systematic taxonomy of Cenozoic pollen grains and spores, as well as to the study of Cenozoic evolution of Mexican plant communities, with particular emphasis on semiarid vegetation from Morelos, Puebla (Tehuacán-Cuicatlán Valley), Oaxaca and Baja California Sur, Mexico.
Mercedes B. Prámparo
Centro Regional de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas
Instituto Argentino de Nivología
Glaciología y Ciencias Ambientales
Unidad de Paleopalinología
Mendoza
Argentina
mprampar@mendoza-conicet.gob.ar
MERCEDES B. PRÁMPARO is senior researcher at the Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CCT-CONICET-Mendoza, Argentina). She has been a palynologist at the Argentinian Institute for Snow, Ice and Environmental Research (IANIGLA) since 1984. She has a degree in geology and received a PhD from the Rio Cuarto University, Cordoba, Argentina in 1989 for a thesis on the Early Cretaceous spores, pollen grains and algae of a central-western lacustrine Argentinian basin. She has mainly worked on the Mesozoic palynology of both continental and marine basins in Argentina. Her current interests include the palynostratigraphy of the lower Cretaceous, K/T boundary, Paleogene of central-western Argentina, Bolivia and Mexico, palynomorph provincialism, and the paleoenvironmental and systematic classification of pollen, spores and dinoflagellate cysts. She participated (January to April 2008) in an applied scientific research project at TNO, Utrecht, the Netherlands, on the Jurassic and late Cretaceous biostratigraphy of a northern sea basin. She was member of the Ameghiniana (the journal of the Argentinian Palaeontological Association) editorial board between 2003 and 2007.
Enrique Martínez-Hernández
Departamento de Paleontología
Instituto de Geología
Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México
Av. Universidad 3000
Ciudad Universitaria
C.P. 04510
México, Distrito Federal
emar@unam.mx
ENRIQUE MARTÍNEZ-HERNÁNDEZ received a B.Sc. degree in Biology from the Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM) in 1970, majoring in Botany (Palynology). He worked on the description of recent pollen from the vegetation of Laguna Madre, Tamaulipas, Mexico. Shortly thereafter, Enrique obtained a postgraduate scholarship at Michigan State University, East Lancing, U.S.A. under Dr. Aureal T. Cross, his research was on the Upper Cretaceous palynostratigraphy of the Mesa Verde Group in Craig, Colorado, U.S.A. Upon graduating in 1975, Enrique became professor of palynology at the UNAM, in which he has worked on northeastern, northwestern and south-southwestern Mexican Mesozoic and Cenozoic paleobasin, focused on palynostratigraphy of pollen spores and dinoflagellates; on the other hand, Professor Martínez has participated in the study of recent pollen (Melissopalynology and Forensic Palynology). He has produced a collection of recent pollen with close to 12,000 samples, and has processed nearly 11,000 pre-Quaternary rock samples. Enrique has formed working palynology teams in other Mexican universities such as the Instituto de Antropología e Historia, the Universidad Metropolitana, and the Instituto Politécnico Nacional.
FIGURE 1. Location of the nine sections studied from the Cuayuca Formation, Puebla, Mexico. 1, Principal, “A” and “B” sections; 2, “F”, “H” and second sections; and 3, Lagunillas, Lagunillas de Rayón and Tzompahuacan sections.
FIGURE 2. Stratigraphic columns with the location of the palynological samples studied from the Cuayuca Formation, Puebla, Mexico.
FIGURE 3. Angiosperm pollen grains from the Cuayuca Formation. 1, Arecipites sp., Pb-9137(1): EF R41/1; 2-3, Liliacidites sp. 1, Pb-9136(1): EF U36/1); 4, Casuarinidites sp., Pb-9136(2): EF J41/3; 5, Monoporopollenites sp., Pb-9334(4): Y38/1; 6, Liliacidites sp. 2, Pb-9334(4): EF M31/3; 7 , Aglaoreidia pristina, Pb-9334(4): 96.6/4; 8, Liliacidites sp. 3, Pb-8871 (A): EF V41/4; 9, Chenopodipollis sp., Pb-9334(4): EF U43/1; 10, Favitricolporites sp., Pb-9138(’1): EF S32/3; 11, Armeria pollen type, Pb-9340(1): EF P33/3; 12-13, Fabaceae pollen type 1, Pb-9334(4): EF N37/1; 14-15, Glycydendron pollen type, Pb-8872(1): EF O45/2; 16, Eucommia sp., Pb-9334(1): EF E40/3; 17, Intratriporopollenites sp., Pb-9340(1): EF H27/3; 18-20, Fabaceae pollen type 2, Pb-8890(1): N27/4; 21-22, Rhoipites aff. cryptoporus , Pb-8890(1): EF Q30/2; 23, Bombacacidites sp., Pb-9334(4): EF V39/1. Scale bar represents 10 µm.
FIGURE 4. Angiosperm pollen grains from the Cuayuca Formation. 1, Corsinipollenites sp. 1, Pb-9334(1): EF G33/3; 2, Corsinipollenites sp. 3, Pb-9334(4): EF R36/1; 3, Corsinipollenites sp. 2, Pb-9334(4): EF T35/3; 4-5, Margocolporites sp., Pb-9340(1): EF N35/3; 6, Margocolporites aff. vanwijhei , Pb-9334(1'): EF T39/2; 7, Monocolpopollenites aff. texensis Nichols, Ames and Traverse 1973 Pb-8872(1A): EF W29/1; 8-9 Rhoipites sp., Pb-8890(1):101.9/17.2; 10, Lymingtonia sp., Pb-9334(4): EF S32/4; 11, Momipites tenuipolus Pb-9334(4): 101.6/12.5; 12, Momipites coryloides, Pb-9138’(1): 92.2/2.8; 13, Fabaceae pollen type 3, Pb-9334(4): EF M34/4; 14, Clavainaperturites sp., Pb-9147(2): EF R34/2; 15, Linum pollen type, Pb-9334 (1’): EF S33/2; 16, Magnaperiporites sp., Pb-9334(4): EF R39/2; 9. Scale bar represnts 10 µm.
FIGURE 5. Angiosperm pollen grains from the Cuayuca Formation. 1, Polyadopollenites sp. 2, Pb-9334(4): EF R37/4; 2-3, Polyadopollenites sp. 1, Pb-9340(1): 101.4/12.6; 4, Landolphia pollen type, Pb-9334(1): EF T41/1; 5, Perisyncolporites sp., Pb-9334(4): EF E44/1; 6, 10, Malpighiaceoidites sp., Pb-9334(4): EF H42/2; 7, 11, Mutisiapollis sp., Pb-8872(3): EF P33/4; 8-9, Striatricolporites sp., Pb-9336(1): EF G32/1; 12, Malvacipollis spinulosa , Pb-9334(4): 94/7; 13, Ranunculacidites cf. communis , Pb-9334(4): EF D34/1/4; 14-15, Brosipollis sp., Pb-9334(4): EF U41/3; 16, Polyadopollenites sp. 1 Pb-9334(4): EF S39/4; 17, Tubulifloridites sp., Pb-9136(1): EF F39/4; 18, Ulmipollenites sp., Pb-9334(4): EF N40/1; 19, Thomsonipollis sabinetownensis , Pb-9334(4): 94.2/7.4; 20, Sabicea pollen type, Pb-9334(4): EF E42/1; 21, Ranunculacidites operculatus , Pb-9334(4): 101.8/7.2; 22 Rhamnaceaepollenites sp., Pb-9334(4): EF T32/2. Scale bar represents 10 µm.
FIGURE 6. Hierarchical cluster of the Cuayuca Formation pollen grains. Names of taxa were highlighted according to the vegetation type in which they are usually found in present days in Mexico.
FIGURE 7. PAE anlaysis between studied sections from the Cuayuca Formation Mcy member: second section, Izúcar de Matamoros (IzS); Tzompahuacan (Tzo); Lagunillas de Rayón (LagRay); Lagunillas (Lag); “B” section, Cuayuca (CyB); “F” section, Izúcar de Matamoros (IzF); “H” section, Izúcar de Matamoros (IzH); Principal section (CyPrincipal); “A” section (CyA).
FIGURE 8. Paleopalynological assemblage of the Cuayuca Formation Mcy member and CONISS analysis. Sections were organized considering PAE analysis of Figure 7.
FIGURE 9. Index taxa recovered from the Cuayuca Formation, Puebla.
FIGURE 10. Correlations between two outcrops from the Izucar de Matamoros (F and H sections from the El Calvario) with the stratotype sections from the Cuayuca Formation.
TABLE. List of angiosperm and gymnosperm pollen grains identified in Cuayuca Mcy Member: second section (Second); Tzompahuacan section (Tz); Lagunillas de Rayón section (LR); Lagunillas section (L); “B”section (“B”); “F” section (“F”); “H” section (“H”); Principal section (Principal); “A” section (“A”).
Angiosperm pollen grains from the Cuayuca Formation (Late Eocene to Early Oligocene), Puebla, Mexico
Plain Language Abstract
The present contribution describes pollen morphology of flowering plants from the Cuayuca Formation (Mexico), which includes semiarid vegetation such as tropical deciduous forest, chaparral, arid tropical scrub and temperate flora of Pinus and cloud forests. Pollen grain taxonomy is a valuable tool for understanding the evolution of Mexican plant diversity. Most of these plant families are currently part of the vegetation that has been growing within the Balsas Basin region since the Paleogene.
Resumen en Español
Granos de polen de angiospermas de la Formación Cuayuca (Eoceno tardío a Oligoceno temprano), Puebla, México
Se ilustran y se describen sistemáticamente los granos de polen de angiospermas mejor conservados (Monocotyledonae ó o Liliopsida: n= 7 y Dicotyledonae ó o Magnoliopsida: n= 41) recuperados de la Formación Cuayuca (Eoceno tardío-Oligoceno temprano) en Puebla, México, algunos de ellos de importancia cronoestratigráfica (Aglaoreidia pristina, Armeria, Bombacacidites, Corsinipollenites, Eucommia, Favitricolporites, Intratriporopollenites, Lymingtonia, Magnaperiporites, Malvacipollis spinulosa, Margocolporites aff. vanwijhei, Momipites coryloides, Momipites tenuipolus, Mutisiapollis, Ranunculacidites operculatus, y Thomsonipollis sabinetownensis). Los taxones identificados en la Formación Cuayuca sugieren vegetación semiárida local tal como selva baja caducifolia, chaparral, pastizal y matorral xerófilo, en donde dominan las angiospermas. No obstante, los taxones templados del bosque de pino y bosque mesófilo de montaña estuvieron también presentes en la vegetación regional. Resulta notorio que en la actualidad tales taxones estén bien representados en la vegetación de la Cuenca del Río Balsas, lo cual podría sugerir la existencia de este tipo de flora en la región de Cuayuca desde el Oligoceno.
Palabras clave: palinología sistemática; granos de polen de angiospermas; Formación Cuayuca; vegetación paleógena; cuencas cenozoicas mexicanas
Traducción: Enrique Peñalver
Résumé en Français
Des grains de pollen d'angiospermes de la Formation Cuayuca (Eocène supérieur à Oligocène inférieur), Puebla, Mexique
Des descriptions et illustrations systématiques de grains de pollen d'angiospermes les mieux conservés (Monocotyledonae ou Liliopsida: n = 7 et Dicotyledonae ou Magnoliopsida: n = 41) récupérés dans la Formation Cuayuca (Eocène supérieur-Oligocène inférieur), dans l'État de Puebla, au Mexique, sont fournies ici, certaines d'entre elles d'une importance chronostratigraphique (Aglaoreidia pristina, Armeria, Bombacacidites, Corsinipollenites, Eucommia, Favitricolporites, Intratriporopollenites, Lymingtonia, Magnaperiporites, Malvacipollis spinulosa, Margocolporites aff. vanwijhei, Momipites coryloides, Momipites tenuipolus, Mutisiapollis, Ranunculacidites operculatus, et Thomsonipollis sabinetownensis). Les taxons identifiés de la Formation Cuayuca suggèrent une végétation semi-aride locale tels qu'une forêt tropicale à feuilles caduques, chaparral, prairies, et des broussailles tropicales arides, dans lesquelles les angiospermes sont l'un des principaux représentants. Néanmoins, les taxons de forêt tempérée de forêts de Pinus et de brouillard ont été également enregistrés dans la végétation régionale. Il est à noter qu'à l'heure actuelle, ces taxons sont bien représentés dans la végétation du bassin de la rivière Balsas, ce qui suggère l'existence de ce type de flore dans la région Cuayuca depuis l'Oligocène.
Mots-clés: palynologie systématique; grains de pollen d'angiospermes; Formation Cuayuca; végétation Paléogène; Bassins mexicain Cénozoïque
Translator: Kenny J. Travouillon
Deutsche Zusammenfassung
Angiospermen-Pollen aus der Cuayuca Formation (spätes Eozän bis frühes Oligozän), Puebla, Mexiko
Es werden systematische Beschreibungen und Illustrationen der am besten erhaltenen Pollen (Monocotyledonae oder Liliopsida: n= 7 und Dicotyledonae oder Magnoliopsida: n= 41) aus der Cuayuca Formation (spätes Eozän-frühes Oligozän), Puebla Staat, Mexiko zur Verfügung gestellt, einige davon mit chronostratigrafischer Bedeutung. (Aglaoreidia pristina, Armeria, Bombacacidites, Corsinipollenites, Eucommia, Favitricolporites, Intratriporopollenites, Lymingtonia, Magnaperiporites, Malvacipollis spinulosa, Margocolporites aff. vanwijhei, Momipites coryloides, Momipites tenuipolus, Mutisiapollis, Ranunculacidites operculatus und Thomsonipollis sabinetownensis). Die Taxa aus der Cuayuca Formation weisen auf eine lokal semiaride Vegetation hin wie tropische Laubwälder, Chaparral, Grasland und arides tropisches Buschland wo Angiospermen eine der Hauptvertreter waren. Allerdings wurden auch gemäßigte Taxa aus Pinienwäldern und Nebelwäldern aus der regionalen Vegetation registriert. Es ist bemerkenswert, dass solche Taxa heute in der Vegetation des Balsas River Beckens gut vertreten sind, was auf ein Vorkommen dieses Florentyps in der Cuayuca Region seit dem Oligozän hindeuten würde.
Schlüsselwörter: systematische Palynologie; angiosperme Pollenkörner; Cuayuca Formation; Paläogene Vegetation; Mexikanische känozoische Becken
Translator: Eva Gebauer
Arabic
Translator: Ashraf M.T. Elewa
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Review: The Princeton Field Guide to Mesozoic Sea Reptiles
The Princeton Field Guide to Mesozoic Sea Reptiles
Article number: 26.1.1R
April 2023 -