Figure
2.1-2.19Genus Hippocrepina
Figure
2.1-2.19Hippocrepina
depressa Vasicek, 1947
Figure 2.1
1947 Hippocrepina depressa Vacisek: p. 243, pl. 1, figs 1-2.
1960 Hippocrepina depressa Vacisek; Geroch: pl. 6, fig. 1.
1974 Hippocrepina depressa Vacisek; Bartenstein: p. 684, pl. 2, figs 23-26.
1989a Jacullela depressa (Vacisek); Riegraf and Luterbacher: p. 1085, pl. 1, figs 4-6.
1992 Hippocrepina depressa Vacisek; Kaminski et al: p. 254, pl. 1, figs 7-8.
1994 Hippocrepina depressa Vacisek; Reicherter et al: pl. 7A, figs E-F.
1995 Hippocrepina depressa Vacisek; Kuhnt: pl. 1, fig. 5.
1997 Hippocrepina depressa Vacisek; Holbourn and Kaminski: p. 34, pl. 4, figs 1-2.
Hippocrepina depressa Vasicek, 1947.
Depository not given.
Cretaceous (definitely older than Senonian), lower part of the Magura flysch, lower Bigenerina zone. Associated with numerous Radiolaria and fish teeth.
Exploratory boring no. 12R, near Hluk, 5 miles southeast of Uherske Hradiste, which is on the Morava River about 40 miles east-southeast of Brno, in central Moravia, Czechoslovakia.
Small, elongate, laterally compressed, conical test, which may be arched and may have annular constrictions at irregular intervals. Chamber walls are thick, agglutinated with fine to medium particles and smoothly finished with an organic cement. The primary aperture is terminal and rounded.
One of the few species that became extinct at the Cenomanian/Turonian boundary.
Worldwide.
Bathyal to abyssal. Common in flysch-type sediments.
Cretaceous (Hauterivian-Cenomanian).
Kalamopsis
grzybowskii (Dylàzanka),
1923
Figure 2.2-3.
1923 Hyperammina grzybowskii Dylàzanka: p. 65.
1955 Hyperammina grzybowskii Dylàzanka; Geroch and Gradzinski: pl. 5, fig. 1.
1974 Kalamopsis grzybowskii (Dylàzanka); Bartenstein: pl. 1, figs 31-34; pl. 2, figs 27-35.
1984 Kalamopsis grzybowskii (Dylàzanka); Geroch and Nowak: pl. 1, figs 2-3.
1989b Kalamopsis grzybowskii (Dylàzanka); Riegraf and Luterbacher: p. 1019, pl. 1, fig. 4-5.
1993 Kalamopsis grzybowskii (Dylàzanka); Kaminski and Geroch: p. 281, pl. 17, figs 5-8.
1997 Kalamopsis grzybowskii (Dylàzanka); Holbourn and Kaminski: p. 37, pl. 7, figs 1-3.
Hyperammina grzybowskii Dylàzanka, 1923.
Depository not given. Lectotype designated by Kaminski and Geroch (1993), deposited in the Grzybowski Collection at the Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland (UJ-133-P, 4/18a).
Upper Cretaceous, Inoceramus beds. Sixteen meters series of alternating sandstones and shales, divisible into six horizons. Occurs also in gray shales in the Inoceramus beds at Siary.
Quarry about 0.5 km from the Grybów-Gorlice Creek near the place where the road leading to the village of Bielanka crosses the creek from left to right for the first time, near the bottom of a 340 m hill in Szymbark, near Gorlice, eastern part of Krakow Department, Poland. Found also opposite the Chapel, near the inn, in Siary, near Gorlice.
Cylindrical test comprised of a rounded proloculus followed by elongate tubular chambers in a rectilinear series. Chambers are separated by internal partitions, which may correspond to points of constriction. Chamber walls are thin, finely agglutinated with organic cement, finely finished, occasionally with some coarser grains. The primary aperture is simple and terminal.
Mostly found as broken fragments. Type specimens in the Grzybowski Collection can be up to 1 mm in length (Kaminski and Geroch 1993).
Worldwide
Bathyal to abyssal. Typically found in flysch-type assemblages.
Cretaceous (Oxfordian?) - Eocene (Priabonian?).
Riegraf and Luterbacher (1989b) reported its range as Kimmeridgian to Eocene in the North Atlantic (Sites 105, 367, 368, 370, and 398). Kuhnt et al. (in press) reported its occurrence in Oligocene sediments from Site 1148 in the South China Sea.
Karreriella
bradyi (Cushman),
1911
Figure 2.4-5.
1884 Gaudryina pupoides d'Orbigny; Brady: p. 378, pl. 46, figs 1-4.
1911 Gaudryina bradyi Cushman: p. 67, fig. 107.
1921 Gaudryina bradyi Cushman; Cushman: p. 149, pl. 29, fig. 3.
1986 Karreriella bradyi (Cushman); Schröder: p. 55, pl. 22, fig. 8-9.
1988 Karreriella bradyi (Cushman); Zheng: p. 94, pl. 45, fig. 10, pl. 46, fig. 1, pl. 54, fig. 6, text-fig. 21.
1991 Karreriella bradyi (Cushman); van Marle: p. 235, pl. 25, figs 2-4.
1994 Karreriella bradyi (Cushman); Loeblich and Tappan: p. 25, pl. 30, figs 8-16.
1998 Karreriella bradyi (Cushman); Robertson: p. 26, pl. 4, fig. 1.
Gaudryina bradyi Cushman, 1911, p. 67, fig. 107.
Holotype deposited in the collections of the United States National Museum, Washington, D.C.
Recent.
Not designated.
Test free, elongate, megalospheric generation and early stage of the microspheric generation trochospiral, with up to five chambers per whorl, later reduced to triserial and microspheric adult becoming biserial. Chamber walls are finely agglutinated with calcareous cement and are canaliculate. The aperture is areal, surrounded by a distinct lip. It is a rounded opening slightly above the base of the apertural face in the trochospiral stage; and is subterminal in the biserial adult.
Worldwide.
Bathyal to abyssal above CCD. Typically occurs in deep-water, oligotrophic environments (Kuhnt et al., 1999, in press). It has calcareous cement and is not found in sub CCD sediments.
Paleocene (Selandian?) - Recent.
Karrerulina
conversa (Grzybowski),
1901
Figure 2.6-7.
Type species of the genus Karrerulina Finlay, 1940 (by synonomy with G. apicularis).
1901 Gaudryina conversa Grzybowski: p. 285, pl. 7, figs 15, 16.
1911 Gaudryina apicularis Cushman: p. 68, figs 110.
1940 Karreriella (Karrerulina) apicularis (Cushman); Finlay: p. 450.
1940 Karreriella aegra Finlay: p. 451, pl. 62, figs 21-22.
1953 Plectina apicularis (Cushman); Phleger et al: p. 27, pl. 5, fig. 10.
1970 Karreriella indigena Mjatliuk: p. 116, pl. 34, figs 10-14.
1978 Plectina conversa (Grzybowski); Krasheninnikov and Pflaumann: p. 569, pl. 3, figs 4a, b.
1984 Plectina aff. conversa (Grzybowski); Hemleben and Tröster: p. 521, pl. 4, fig. 24.
1987 Karrerulina apicularis (Cushman); Loeblich and Tappan: p. 130, pl. 139, figs 7-13.
1988 Karreriella conversa (Grzybowski); Kaminski et al: p. 196, pl. 9, figs 17-18b.
1988 Plectina conversa (Grzybowski); Moullade et al: p. 365, pl. 9, figs 1-3.
1990 Karrerulina conversa (Grzybowski); Charnock and Jones: p. 195, pl. 12, fig. 19; pl. 25, fig. 10.
1993 Gerochammina conversa (Grzybowski); Kaminski and Geroch: p. 279, pl. 13, figs 5-11.
1994 Karrerulina conversa (Grzybowski); Jones: p. 51, pl. 46, figs 17-19.
Gaudryina conversa Grzybowski, 1901.
Depository not given. Lectotype designated and illustrated by Kaminski and Geroch (1993). Lectotype (No. UJ-133-P, 2/105b) deposited in the Grzybowski collection, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland.
Eocene, Ropianka formation = beds with Inoceramus (possibly reworked); grey clay and clay shale (Bartne); red clay (Ropica Polska).
Ropica Polska U (40).
Test elongate initially trochospiral, then becoming triserial and finally biserial. The trochospiral portion, which makes up about a third of the test, has three to four whorls of four or five chambers and a circular cross-section. The triserial portion generally consists of one to two whorls. The biserial portion is of variable length, somewhat flattened with subparallel or lobulate outline. Chambers increase rapidly in size and sutures are indistinct in the multiserial portion. Chambers are low, increasing slowly in size with distinct, fine, and depressed sutures in the biserial stage. The final chamber is often distinctly inflated. Chamber walls are agglutinated with fine to medium quartz grains and abundant silicified cement. The primary aperture is terminal, round, at the end of a short neck.
Biserial stage may be twisted along the long axis of the test (Kaminski and Geroch 1993). Triserial stage is often indistinct or may be absent.
Worldwide.
Bathyal to abyssal, with upper water depth limit of 3000 m (Kuhnt et al. 2000). Mobile, deep infaunal species, restricted to oligotrophic deep-water settings with well-oxygenated bottom and interstitial waters (Kuhnt et al. 2000).
Cretaceous (Santonian?, Campanian) - Recent.
Paratrochammina
challengeri Brönnimann
and Whittaker, 1988
Figure 2.8-10.
1884 Haplophragmium globigeriniforme (Parker and Jones); Brady (pars): p. 312, pl. 35, figs. 10a-c only (non fig. 11) (non Lituola nautiloiudea var. globigeriniformis Parker and Jones, 1865).
1988 Paratrochammina challengeri Brönnimann and Whittaker: p. 43, figs 16H-K.
1988 Trochammina altiformis (Parker and Jones); Moullade et al: p. 366, pl. 8, figs 1-3.
1990 Trochamminopsis challengeri (Brönnimann and Whittaker); Charnock and Jones: p. 189, pl. 11, figs 7-10; pl. 22, fig. 6.
1994 Paratrochammina challengeri Brönnimann and Whittaker; Jones: p. 41, pl. 35, fig. 10.
Paratrochammina challengeri Brönnimann and Whittaker, 1988.
Holotype is housed in the micropaleontological collections of the Natural History Museum, London, and is registered in slide ZF 4135.
Recent.
"Challenger" Station 323, 450 miles north of South Georgia, South Atlantic (50° 47' W, 35° 39' S), depth 1900 m.
Test trochospiral, concavo-convex with evolute, convex spiral side, concave, involute umbilical side, and rounded periphery. Approximately four highly inflated chambers in the last whorl, increasing gradually in size, are separated by straight, markedly depressed sutures. The wall is finely agglutinated with abundant cement. The aperture is a low interiomarginal arch with an umbilical flap covering all previous flaps.
This long-ranging taxon is widely reported in the literature, under the name Trochammina globigeriniformis. Brönnimann and Whittaker (1988) considered Trochammina globigeriniformis to be a nomen dubium and proposed the new name Paratrochammina challengeri.
Cosmopolitan.
Bathyal to abyssal, including sub CCD.
Late Cretaceous - Recent.
Siphotextularia
concava (Karrer), 1868
Figure 2.11-13.
1868 Plecanium concavum Karrer: p. 129, pl. 1, fig. 3.
1991 Siphotextularia concava (Karrer); van Marle: pl. 25, fig. 11.
1994 Siphotextularia concava (Karrer); Jones: p. 47, pl. 42, figs 13-14.
1998 Siphotextularia concava (Karrer); Cicha et al: p. 127, pl. 10, figs 3-4.
Plecanium concavum Karrer, 1868.
Depository not given.
Miocene, Gainfahrn Marl, very sandy calcareous clay.
Kostej im Banat, Rumania.
Test forms an elongate, tapered, slightly lobulate, slightly compressed, biserial series, sub-quadrate in cross-section. The moderately inflated chambers increase gradually in size and are separated by oblique, slightly depressed sutures. Chamber walls are finely agglutinated with calcareous cement and canaliculate. The primary aperture is an areal slit, bordered by a lip, produced on a short neck.
Worldwide.
Recorded from 17 fm and 175 fm at Challenger stations in the Pacific (Jones1994).
Late Miocene (Tortonian) - Recent.
Spiroplectammina
spectabilis (Grzybowski),
1898 emend. Kaminski,
1984
Figure 2.14-16.
1898 Spiroplecta spectabilis Grzybowski: p. 293, pl. 12, fig. 12.
1898 Spiroplecta brevis Grzybowski: p. 293, pl. 12, fig. 13.
1898 Spiroplecta costidorsata Grzybowski: p. 294, pl. 12, fig. 11.
1898 Spiroplecta foliacea Grzybowski: p. 293, pl. 12, fig. 14-15.
1898 Spiroplectoides clotho Grzybowski: p. 224, pl. 8, fig. 18.
1934 Spiroplectoides californica Cushman and Campbell: p. 70, pl. 9, figs 13-14.
1935 Spiroplectammina mexiaensis Lalicker: p. 43, pl. 6, figs 5-6.
1939 Spiroplectoides directa Cushman and Siegfus: p. 26, pl. 6, figs 7-8.
1943 Spiroplectammina grzybowskii Frizzel: p. 339, pl. 55, figs 12a-13.
1951 Spiroplectammina perplexa Israelsky: p. 12, pl. 3, figs 9-14.
1952 Spiroplectammina brunswickensis Todd and Kniker: p. 6, pl. 1, fig. 16.
1984 Spiroplectammina spectabilis (Grzybowski); Kaminski: p. 29-49, pls 12-13.
1990 Spiroplectammina (Spiroplectinella) spectabilis (Grzybowski); Charnock and Jones: p. 182, pl. 9, figs 15-18; pl. 21, fig. 5.
1990 Spiroplectammina spectabilis (Grzybowski); Kaminski et al: p. 369, pl. 6, figs 5-6.
1993 Spiroplectammina spectabilis (Grzybowski); Kaminski and Geroch: p. 267, pl. 12, figs 4a-5c.
1994 Spiroplectammina spectabilis (Grzybowski); Gradstein et al: pl. 2, figs 14-18.
Spiroplecta spectabilis Grzybowski, 1898.
Depository not given. Lectotype from 170 m depth in Hanover-Galicia well no. 33, deposited in the Grzybowski Collection at the Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland (UJ-132-P, 1/82c).
Uppermost Eocene; red and gray clay.
Hanover-Galicia well no. 3 at Potok, near Krosno, Poland.
Test forms an initial planispire, later becoming a biserial series. In megalospheric forms, the planispiral portion, consisting of four to seven chambers, may be wider than the subsequent biserial portion. In microspheric forms, the planispiral portion is smaller. In both generations, the biserial part is rhomboidal in cross-section with nearly parallel sides. However, in microspheric forms, it may increase in breadth initially then decrease distally. Chambers in the biserial part are low and numerous with flush or slightly depressed sutures, inclined approximately 60° to the long axis of the test. The peripheral margin is acute and may be weakly keeled. Chamber walls are imperforate, finely agglutinated with organic cement and smoothly finished. The primary aperture is a narrow interiomarginal slit.
Spiroplectammina spectabilis (Grzybowski) is one of the most widely recognized Paleogene species and figures prominently in a number of zonal schemes.
This species may be considered as a plexus of forms that differ in length and thickness, with significant differences between end members (Kaminski 1984).
Worldwide. It was first described from the Paleogene of the Carpathian flysch (Grzybowski 1898.) and has been subsequently found in the Caribbean (Cushman and Jarvis 1928), along the Pacific margin of North and South America (Cushman and Campbell 1934; Todd and Kniker 1952), in the Northwest Pacific (Serova 1987), South Pacific (Webb 1975), North Atlantic (Kaminski et al. 1990), and South Atlantic (Widmark 1997).
Bathyal - abyssal, including sub CCD.
Cretaceous (Maastrichtian) - Eocene (Priabonian).
In its type area, the first frequent occurrence of this species marks the base of the late Paleocene Spiroplectammina spectabilis Zone of Geroch and Nowak (1984). However, Spiroplectammina spectabilis has a diachronous first occurrence, which may reflect the immigration of the species into various ocean basins. For instance, it occurs in the Maastrichtian in Trinidad (Kaminski et al. 1988), on Sakhalin Island (Serova 1987), and in the lower Paleocene of other areas of the Atlantic. At many localities, Spiroplectammina spectabilis displays a distinctive abundance maximum immediately after the K/T boundary in Zone P0.
Vulvulina
pennatula (Batsch), 1791
Figure 2.17-18.
Type species of the genus Vulvulina d'Orbigny, 1826.
1791 Nautilus (Orthoceras) pennatula Batsch: pp 3, 5, pl. 4, fig. 13a-e.
1826 Vulvulina capreolus d'Orbigny, p. 264.
1987 Vulvulina pennatula (Batsch); Loeblich and Tappan: p. 113, pl. 120, figs 19-21.
1994 Vulvulina pennatula (Batsch); Jones: p. 49, pl. 45, figs 1-8.
Nautilus (Orthoceras) pennatula Batsch, 1791.
Depository not given.
Not given ? (?)Recent.
Shores of Italy [exact locality not given]. [Probably Rimini, on the Adriatic Coast (Cushman, 1931)].
Test is elongate, flattened, flaring with an acute periphery. Microspheric generation with initial planispire, later becomes biserial, then uniserial in well-developed specimens. The numerous, broad, low chambers are slightly inflated, increase rapidly in size and curve strongly downwards. Sutures are curved and depressed. Chamber walls are finely agglutinated with calcareous cement and smoothly finished. The primary aperture is a broad low interiomarginal arch in the early stage later becoming a narrow, elongate, terminal slit in the adult stage.
Vulvulina nicobarica (Schwager) may be conspecific with Vulvulina pennatula (Batsch). Brady (1884) included V. nicobarica in the synonymy of V. pennatula. However, Srinivasan and Sharma (1980) considered them to be different species.
Worldwide.
350-675 fm (Jones 1994).
Eocene (Ypresian?) - Recent.
Vulvulina
spinosa Cushman,
1927
Figure 2.19.
1927 Vulvulina spinosa Cushman: p. 111, pl. 23, fig. 1.
1932 Vulvulina jarvisi Cushman: p. 84, pl. 10, fig. 20.
1983 Vulvulina spinosa Cushman; Tjalsma and Lohmann: p. 38, pl. 10, figs 4-5.
1987 Vulvulina spinosa Cushman; Miller and Katz: p. 140, pl. 1, fig. 2.
1989 Vulvulina spinosa Cushman; Hermelin: p. 29.
1990 Vulvulina spinosa Cushman; Boersma: pl. 2, fig. 2.
1990 Vulvulina spinosa Cushman; Thomas: p. 590.
1994 Vulvulina spinosa Cushman; Bolli et al: p. 325, figs 87.3, 3a.
Vulvulina spinosa Cushman, 1927.
Holotype (No. 901) deposited in the collections of the United States National Museum, Washington, D.C.
Upper Eocene. Alazan Clay.
Rio Buena Vista, just south of crossing of Alazan to Moyutla Road, Vera Cruz, Mexico.
Test is elongate, flattened, lozenge-shaped or rhomboidal with an acute periphery. Microspheric generation with initial planispire, later becomes biserial, then uniserial in well-developed specimens. The broad, low chambers are slightly inflated, increasing rapidly in size and curving strongly downwards. Chambers possess a prominent projecting spine at the outer margins and are separated by curved, depressed sutures. Chamber walls are coarsely agglutinated with calcareous cement and roughly finished. The primary aperture is a broad, low interiomarginal arch in the early stage, later becoming a narrow, elongate, terminal slit.
Tjalsma and Lohmann (1983) considered Vulvulina spinosa Cushman and Vulvulina jarvisi Cushman to be conspecific.
Worldwide. Reported from Trinidad, Venezuela, and Barbados (Bolli et al. 1994). Atlantic, (Tjalsma and Lohmann 1983). Weddell Sea, Antarctic, (Thomas 1990). North Atlantic (Miller and Katz 1987), and Western Pacific (Hermelin 1989).
Restricted to shallower sites (bathyal) during the early Eocene, expanding to deeper sites (abyssal) during the late middle Eocene (Tjalsma and Lohmann 1983). Lower bathyal (Thomas 1990). Abyssal, >3.5 km (Miller and Katz 1987). Lower bathyal and abyssal (Boersma 1990).
Paleocene - Miocene (Serravillian). Common to abundant in Oligocene to middle Miocene, last occurrence in Serravillian with questionable occurrence in Tortonian (Miller and Katz 1987). First occurrence at or near the early/late Paleocene boundary in the southern Indian Ocean (Mackensen and Berggren 1992).
