Figure
5.1 - 5.20Genus Planulina
Figure
5.1 - 5.20Planulina
renzi Cushman
and Stainforth, 1945
Figure 5.1-5.
1945 Planulina renzi Cushman and Stainforth: p. 72, pl. 15, fig. 1.
1928 Truncatulina wuellerstorfi (Schwager) (non Schwager); Nuttall: p. 98, pl. 7, fig. 12.
1945 Planulina marialana Hadley var. gigas Keijzer: p. 206, pl. 5, fig. 77.
1986 Planulina renzi Cushman and Stainforth; van Morkhoven et al: p. 133, pl. 43.
1987 Planulina renzi Cushman and Stainforth; Miller and Katz: p. 136, pl. 6, fig.1.
1993 Planulina renzi Cushman and Stainforth; Katz and Miller: pl. 3, fig. 6.
1994 Planulina renzi Cushman and Stainforth; Bolli et al: p. 369, fig. 57.3; fig. 88.12.
1998 Planulina renzi Cushman and Stainforth; Robertson: p. 214, pl. 85, fig. 2.
Planulina renzi Cushman and Stainforth, 1945.
Holotype (USNM 44002) deposited in the collections of the United States National Museum, Washington, D.C.
Middle Miocene, Cipero Formation, Globorotalia fohsi Zone, light coloured marls. Originally given as upper Oligocene by Cushman and Stainforth (1945).
Sample Rz.425, Trinidad Leaseholds Catalogue No. 61418, Trinidad Government Cadastral coordinates: N 228,300 links, E 353,600 links, situated at the base of the cliff in the southern (North-dipping) limb of the syncline, 120 ft northeastward from the boundary between the upper and middle zones, 880 ft in a straight line southwestward from Rz.108 ("Cipero Nose"), along the coast between the mouth of the Cipero River, at the point where the Trinidad Government railway turns inland, south of San Fernando, Trinidad, B.W.I.
Test forms a compressed, discoidal, very low trochospire; unequally biconvex in cross-section, with a strongly evolute, nearly flat or slightly convex spiral side, a partially evolute, more convex unbilical side, and an acute, keeled periphery. The 12 to 14 narrow, curved, slightly-inflated chambers in the final whorl increase gradually in size and are separated by broad, limbate, raised, strongly-curved sutures. Chamber walls are calcareous, coarsely perforate, and granular in appearance. The central area of the spiral side is ornamented by several bosses that coalesce with the raised sutures. The primary aperture is an equatorial slit with a narrow lip extending beneath the umbilical folium.
Planulina renzi Cushman and Stainforth differs from Planulina wuellerstorfi (Schwager) by its less flattened, more robust, generally larger test and its granular wall texture. Intergrades between P. renzi and P. wuellerstorfi are common in the Miocene, when the stratigraphic range of the two species overlaps. Planulina renzi may be the ancestral form of P. wuellerstorfi.
Worldwide.
Primarily bathyal. Occurs at abyssal depths from the Oligocene to early middle Miocene. Became restricted to bathyal depths in the later part of its range (N10-N17).
Oligocene (Rupelian) - Miocene (Messinian). van Morkhoven et al. (1986) noted that a small form occurs in the upper Eocene (P16 and P17), which is probably related.
Planulina
wuellerstorfi (Schwager),
1866
Figure 5.6-8.
1866 Anomalina wuellerstorfi Schwager: p. 258, pl. 7, figs 105, 107.
1949 Planulina wuellerstorfi (Schwager); Bermúdez: p. 293, pl. 23, figs 37-39.
1953 Planulina wuellerstorfi (Schwager); Phleger et al: p. 26, pl. 11, figs 1-2.
1976 Cibicides wuellerstorfi (Schwager); Pflum and Frerichs: p. 116, pl. 4, figs 2-4.
1986 Planulina wuellerstorfi (Schwager); van Morkhoven et al: p. 48, pl. 14.
1987 Planulina wuellerstorfi (Schwager); Miller and Katz: p. 136, pl. 6, figs 2.
1998 Planulina wuellerstorfi (Schwager); Robertson: p. 216, pl. 86, fig. 2.
Anomalina wuellerstorfi Schwager, 1866.
Depository not given. Neotype (Mf 18) designated by Srinivasan and Sharma (1980) deposited in the Micropalaeontology Section, Department of Geology, Banaras Hindu University, Banaras, India.
Upper Tertiary. Lower and upper clays.
Car Nicobar, Andaman Sea.
Test forms a compressed, discoidal, very low trochospire; planoconvex in cross-section, with a flattened, evolute spiral side, a slightly convex, partially evolute, umbilical side and a truncate, keeled periphery. The (approximately) 10 narrow, curved, slightly inflated chambers in the final whorl increase rapidly in size and are separated by thickened, strongly curved sutures, slightly-depressed in final chambers on the spiral side, and sinuoid or hooked in final chambers on the umbilical side. Chamber walls are calcareous and coarsely perforate on the spiral side, finely perforate on the umbilical side. The primary aperture is an equatorial slit with a narrow lip extending beneath the umbilical folium.
See Remarks for Planulina renzi Cushman and Stainforth.
Planulina wuellerstorfi has been previously referred to several other genera including Anomalina, Cibicides, Cibicidoides, and Fontbotia. We follow van Morkhoven et al. (1986) in placing the species into the genus Planulina. We feel that subsequent reassignments to Cibicidoides (Whittaker 1988) Fontbotia (González-Donoso and Linares 1970), or Cibicides (Sen Gupta 1989) did not fully resolve the generic assignation of this species.
Worldwide.
Planulina wuellerstorfi is a low-intermediate (2.5-9 g/m2y) carbon flux indicator (Altenbach et al. 1999) that is generally used as a bathymetric indicator for water depths over 1000 m. Although Planulina wuellerstorfi occurs mainly in lower bathyal and abyssal depths, it was reported in upper Pleistocene sediments from ODP Sites 1129, 1131 and 1132, situated on the shelf break and upper slope of the Great Australian Bight (Feary, Hine, and Malone et al. 2000). Bandy (1967) observed that specimens of P. wuellerstorfi from depths over 1000 m tend to have hooked or sigmoid sutures, whereas specimens from shallower environments have smoother, curved sutures.
Planulina wuellerstorfi generally has an epifaunal mode of life. It is one of the most commonly used benthic foraminifers for stable isotope studies, as it provide a reliable record of bottom water
18O and
Miocene (Langhian) - Recent.
Pyrgo
serrata (Bailey), 1861
Figure 5.9-11.
1861 Biloculina serrata Bailey: p. 350, pl. 8, fig. E.
1884 Biloculina depressa var. serrata Brady: p. 146, pl. 3, fig. 3.
1994 Pyrgo serrata (Bailey); Jones: p. 19, pl. 3, fig. 3.
Biloculina serrata Bailey, 1861, p. 350, pl. 8, fig. E.
Depository not given.
Recent.
United States Coast Survey, Position 14, 150 fm, Gulf Stream.
Test forms a slightly compressed, biloculine series in the adult form; subcircular in outline and elliptical in cross-section, with an acute, extended, keeled periphery. Keel is distinctly serrate. Chamber walls are calcareous, porcelaneous, smooth, and imperforate. The primary aperture is oval and terminal with a short bifid tooth.
Worldwide.
580-1750 fm (Jones 1994).
Miocene (Aquitanian) - Recent.
Stilostomella
abyssorum (Brady),
1881
Figure 5.12.
1881 Nodosaria (?) abyssorum Brady: p. 63, pl. 63, figs 8-9.
1987 Siphonodosaria abyssorum (Brady); Loeblich and Tappan: p. 540, pl. 585, figs 5-7.
1989 Siphonodosaria abyssorum (Brady); Hermelin: p. 61, pl. 11, figs 2-5.
1994 Stilostomella abyssorum (Brady); Jones: p. 74, pl. 63, figs 8-9; supplementary pl. 2, figs 8-9.
1998 Siphonodosaria abyssorum (Brady); Robertson: p. 178, pl. 66, fig. 7.
Nodosaria (?) abyssorum Brady, 1881.
Figured specimens (ZF1926, ZF3649) deposited in the micropalaeontological collections of the Natural History Museum, London, UK. Lectotype (from slide ZF3649) designated by Loeblich and Tappan (1964).
Recent.
Not given. Found only at "Challenger" Sta. 296, Latitude 38°06'S, Longitude 88°02'W in the South Pacific Ocean, southwest of Juan Fernandez Island; 1825 fm.
Test forms an elongate, large, robust, uniserial series; rectilinear or slightly arcuate in shape and circular in cross-section. The (approximately) five subspherical, inflated chambers are separated by constricted, slightly-limbate sutures. Chambers may vary in shape and size (first chamber is often the largest). Chamber walls are calcareous, finely perforate, and smooth, with a ring of short, stout spines on the initial chamber. The primary aperture is an arcuate or V-shaped terminal opening on a short, broad neck with a phialine lip and small tooth-like projection.
Hermelin (1989) considered the species named Ellipsonodosaria nuttalli by Cushman and Jarvis (1934) to be a junior synonym of Stilostomella abyssorum. Specimens of Ellipsonodosaria nuttalli Cushman and Jarvis var. aculeata Cushman and Renz, 1948, which are virtually smooth, closely resemble Stilostomella abyssorum (Brady).
Worldwide.
Bathyal - abyssal.
Miocene (Aquitanian?) - Recent.
Stilostomella
alexanderi (Cushman),
1936
Figure 5.13.
1936 Elliponodosaria alexanderi Cushman: p. 52, pl. 9, figs 6-9.
1994 Stilostomella alexanderi (Cushman); Bolli et al: p. 145, fig. 38.27-28.
Elliponodosaria alexanderi Cushman, 1936.
Holotype (CC 23254) deposited in the collections of the United States National Museum, Washington, D.C.
Upper Cretaceous. Taylor Marl.
Road cut 14.4 miles south of Paris, 0.9 miles north of Lake City, Delta County, Texas, USA.
Test forms an elongate, uniserial series; rectilinear or slightly arcuate in overall shape and circular in cross-section. The subspherical, inflated chambers, that increase gradually in length and become ultimately twice as long as broad, are separated by constricted sutures. Chamber walls are calcareous, finely perforate, and ornamented with short, backward-pointing spines. Early stages of microspheric forms may only have a single ring of spines in the lower part of the chambers. Adult forms have numerous spines rather irregularly scattered over the surface. The primary aperture is arcuate or V-shaped terminal opening on a short, broad neck with a phialine lip and small tooth-like projection.
Worldwide.
Bathyal.
Cretaceous (Santonian-Maastrichtian); rare (Bolli et al. 1994).
Stilostomella
annulifera (Cushman
and Bermúdez), 1936
Figure 5.14-15.
1936 Ellipsonodosaria annulifera Cushman and Bermúdez: p. 28, pl. 5, figs 8-9.
1990 Stilostomella annulifera (Cushman and Bermúdez); Thomas: p. 590, pl. 1, fig. 4.
1994 Siphonodosaria annulifera (Cushman and Bermúdez); Bolli et al: p. 358, figs 87.40, 40a.
1998 Siphonodosaria annulifera (Cushman and Bermúdez); Robertson: p. 178, pl. 66, figs 1-2.
Ellipsonodosaria annulifera Cushman and Bermúdez, 1936.
Holotype (CC 23099) deposited in the collections of the United States National Museum, Washington, D.C.
Probably middle Eocene.
Bermúdez Station 257, under library of Havana University, Havana, Cuba.
Test forms an elongate, large, slender, uniserial series; rectilinear or slightly arcuate in overall shape and circular in cross-section. The subspherical and moderately inflated chambers increase gradually in length and are separated by limbate sutures forming broad glassy bands between the chambers. Final chambers may be more elongated and separated by more distinct constrictions. Chamber walls are calcareous, finely perforate, and smooth with a single basal spine on the proloculus. The primary aperture is arcuate or V-shaped terminal opening on a short, broad neck with a phialine lip and small tooth-like projection.
Worldwide. Common in Pacific sites (Thomas, personal commun., 1998). Weddell Sea, Antarctica (Thomas 1990).
Lower bathyal (Thomas 1990).
Eocene (Ypresian) to Miocene (Langhian); common from middle Eocene onwards (Thomas, personal commun., 1998).
Stilostomella
paleocenica (Cushman
and Todd), 1946
Figure 5.16.
1946 Ellipsonodosaria paleocenica Cushman and Todd: p. 61, pl. 10, fig. 26.
1994 Stilostomella paleocenica (Cushman and Todd); Bolli et al: p. 145, figs 38.29-30.
Ellipsonodosaria paleocenica Cushman and Todd, 1946.
Holotype (CC 46415) deposited in the collections of the United States National Museum, Washington, D.C.
Paleocene.
About 1000 ft south of Roosevelt Rd. viaduct, 200 ft east of railroad tracks, in small gully heading east, just upstream from small abandoned bridge, NE1/4, NW1/4, sec. 16, T. 1 N, R. 12 W., Little Rock, Pulaski County, Arkansas, USA.
Test forms an elongate, large, slender, uniserial series; rectilinear or slightly arcuate in overall shape, circular in cross-section, and slightly tapered in outline from the very narrow proloculus to the broadest final chamber. The inflated, subspherical, and numerous (up to 14) chambers increase very gradually in size and are separated by strongly depressed sutures forming narrow inter-chamber bands. Chamber walls are calcareous, finely perforate, and smooth or slightly hispid with a single basal spine on the proloculus. The last chamber is more elongated than previous chambers and is also more ornamented. The primary aperture is arcuate or V-shaped terminal opening on a short, broad neck with a phialine lip and small, tooth-like projection.
In Trinidad, specimens are somewhat smaller than the holotype (Bolli et al. 1994). Differs from E. plummerae Cushman in the shorter, more inflated chambers and smoother surface, (Cushman and Todd, 1946).
Worldwide. Fairly common in the Paleocene of Arkansas, occurs also in the Paleocene of Alabama, (Cushman and Todd, 1946), Trinidad (Bolli et al. 1994).
Bathyal?
Cretaceous (Santonian) - Eocene (Ypresian); fairly common (Bolli et al. 1994).
Stilostomella
subspinosa (Cushman),
1943
Figure 5.17.
1943 Ellipsonodosaria subspinosa Cushman: p. 92, pl. 16, figs 6-7b.
1934 Ellipsonodosaria sp. Cushman and Jarvis: pl. 10, figs 4-5a.
1983 Stilostomella subspinosa (Cushman); Tjalsma and Lohmann: p. 36, pl. 14, figs 16-17.
1987 Stilostomella subspinosa (Cushman); Miller and Katz: p. 138, pl. 1, fig. 12.
1990 Stilostomella subspinosa (Cushman): Thomas: p. 590.
1994 Stilostomella subspinosa (Cushman); Bolli et al: p. 360, figs 63.30, 30a.
1998 Siphonodosaria subspinosa (Cushman); Robertson: p. 180, pl. 67, fig. 3.
Ellipsonodosaria subspinosa Cushman, 1943.
Holotype (CC 21484) deposited in the collections of the United States National Museum, Washington, D.C.
Lower Middle Miocene; green clay.
Cipero section, San Fernando, Trinidad, B.W.I.
Test forms an elongate, robust uniserial series; rectilinear or slightly arcuate in overall shape, subcylindrical and slightly tapered in outline, and circular in cross-section with the greatest breadth near the apertural end. The subspherical, strongly-inflated chambers increase gradually in size and are separated by strongly-depressed sutures (not forming narrow bands between chambers as in Stilostomella paleocenica). Chamber walls are calcareous, finely perforate, and ornamented by short, stout spines, either entirely covering the chambers or, in early stages, confined to the lower portion of the chamber wall. The primary aperture is arcuate or V-shaped terminal opening on a short, broad neck with a phialine lip and small, tooth-like projection.
Stilostomella subspinosa (Cushman) displays considerable variability in size and ornamentation. Spines may be more delicate than on the original type material and may tend to coalesce into fine costae in the lower part of the test (Tjalsma and Lohmann 1983).
Worldwide.
Common in Pacific sites (Thomas, personal commun., 1998). Weddell Sea, Antarctic, (Thomas 1990). North Atlantic (Miller and Katz 1987)
Lower bathyal (Thomas 1990). Abyssal, >3.5 km (Miller and Katz 1987).
Eocene (Lutetian) - Miocene (Messinian?).
Common from middle Eocene onwards (Thomas 1990). Abundant in the Oligocene and Miocene (Miller and Katz 1987).
Uvigerina
basicordata Cushman
and Renz, 1941
Figure 5.18-20.
1941 Uvigerina gallowayi Cushman, var. basicordata Cushman and Renz: p. 21, pl. 3, fig. 18.
1986 Uvigerina basicordata Cushman and Renz; van Morkhoven et al: p. 193, pl. 65.
1993 Uvigerina basicordata Cushman and Renz; Katz and Miller: pl. 4, fig. 2.
Uvigerina gallowayi Cushman, var. basicordata Cushman and Renz, 1941.
Holotype (CC 35924) deposited in the collections of the United States National Museum, Washington, D.C.
Lower Miocene, Lower Agua Salada Formation, Zone 2 (Zone of Siphogenerina multicostata and Gaudryina thalmanni). Given as upper Oligocene by Cushman and Renz (1941).
Sample Su. A. 637, from Tocuyo, 18.7 km south (202°45') of San Juan de Los Cayos, District of Acosta, State of Falcón, Venezuela.
Test forms an almost rectangular triserial series; about twice as long as broad, but with greater breadth in the mid portion of the test, with a prominent basal spine, an almost rectangular outline, and a circular cross-section. The inflated chambers increase rapidly in size and are separated by depressed sutures. Chamber walls are calcareous, finely perforate, and ornamented with four to five continuous or discontinuous, longitudinal costae extending as spines at the base of the chambers. This ornamentation is reduced on the final chamber, which is often smooth. The primary aperture is a terminal opening at the end of an elongate, thin, cylindrical neck, bordered by a phialine lip and with an internal toothplate.
Uvigerina basicordata Cushman and Renz differs from Uvigerina gallowayi Cushman by its shorter, broader shape and the presence of discontinuous costae (van Morkhoven et al. 1986).
Worldwide. Recorded from Trinidad, Puerto Rico, California, Venezuela, Ecuador, eastern Pacific, North Atlantic, and Gulf of Mexico (van Morkhoven et al. 1986).
Bathyal.
Miocene (Aquitanian) - Miocene (Langhian).
