Press to Close

REFERENCES

Abelmann, A. 1990. Oligocene to Miocene radiolarian stratigraphy of southern high-latitudes from ODP Leg 113, Sites 689 and 690, Maud Rise, p. 675-708. In Barker, P. F. and Kennett, J. P. (eds.) Proceedings of the Ocean Drilling Program, Scientific Results, Leg 113. ODP, College Station, Texas.

Abelmann, A. 1992a. Early to mid-Miocene radiolarian stratigraphy of the Kerguelen Plateau (ODP Leg 120), p. 757-784. In Wise, S. W. and Schlich, R., Proceedings of the Ocean Drilling Program, Scientific Results, Leg 120. ODP, College Station, Texas.

Abelmann, A. 1992b. Radiolarian taxa from Southern Ocean sediment traps (Atlantic Sector). Polar Biology, 12:373-385.

Abelmann, A., Gersonde, R. and Spiess, V. 1990. Pliocene-Pleistocene paleoceanography in the Weddell Sea - siliceous microfossil evidence, p. 729-759. In Bleil, U. and Thiede. J. (eds.), Geological History of the Polar Oceans: Arctic versus Antarctic. Kluwer, Dordrecht.

Abelmann, A. and Gowing, M.M., 1996. Horizontal and vertical distribution pattern of living radiolarians along a transect from the Southern Ocean to the South Atlantic subtropical region. Deep-Sea Research I, Oceanographic Research Papers, 43(3):361-382.

Anderson, O.R., 1980. Radiolaria. Academic Press, New York.

Anderson, O.R. 1993. The trophic role of planktonic foraminifera and radiolaria. Marine Microbiol. Food Webs, 7:31-51.

Barron, J.A., Baldauf, J. G., Barrera, E., Caulet, J.-P., Huber, B.T., Keating, B.H., Lazarus, D., Sakai, H., Thierstein, H.R. and Wei, W. 1991. Biochronologic and magnetochronologic synthesis of Leg 119 sediments from the Kerguelen Plateau and Prydz Bay, Antarctica, p. 813-848. In Barron, J.A. and Larsen, B. (eds.), Proceedings of the Ocean Drilling Program, Scientific Results, Leg 120. ODP, College Station, Texas.

Berggren, W.A., Kent, D.V., Aubry, M.P. and Hardenbol, J. 1995. Geochronology, Time Scales and Global Stratigraphic Correlation. SEPM, Tulsa, Oklahoma.

Bjørklund, K.R., 1976. Radiolaria from the Norwegian Sea, Leg 38 of the Deep Sea Drilling Project , p. 1101-1168. In Initial Reports of the Deep Sea Drilling Project, Leg 38. U. S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D. C.

Bolli, H.M., Saunders, J.B. and Perch-Nielsen, K. (eds.) 1985. Plankton Stratigraphy. Cambridge Earth Science Series. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK.

Brewster, N.A. 1980. Cenozoic biogenic silica sedimentation in the Antarctic Ocean, GSA Bulletin, Part 1, 91:337-347.

Casey, R., Gust, L., Leavesley, A., Williams, D., Reynolds, R., Duis T. and Spaw, J.M. 1979. Ecological niches of radiolarians, planktonic foraminiferans and pteropods inferred from studies on living forms in the Gulf of Mexico and adjacent waters. Transactions-Gulf Coast Association of Geological Societies. 29:218-223.

Casey, R.E. 1993. Radiolaria, p. 249-284. In Lipps, J.E. (ed.) Fossil Procaryotes and Protists. Blackwell, Boston, Massachusetts.

Caulet, J.P. 1991. Radiolarians from the Kerguelen Plateau, ODP Leg 119, p. 513-546. In Barron, J. and Larsen, B. (eds.) Proceedings of the Ocean Drilling Program, Scientific Results, Leg 119. ODP, College Station, Texas.

Chen, P.H. 1975. Antarctic Radiolaria, p. 437-513. In Hayes, D. E and Frakes, L. (eds.), Initial Reports of the Deep Sea Drilling Project, Leg 28. U. S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D. C.

Clarke, A. 1990. Temperature and evolution: Southern Ocean cooling and the Antarctic marine fauna, p. 9-22. In Kerry, K. R. and Hempel, G. (eds.) Antarctic Ecosystems: Ecological Change and Conservation. Springer-Verlag, Berlin.

CLIMAP project members 1976. The surface of the ice-age earth. Science, 191:1131-1137.

Corfield, R.M. and Shackleton, N.J. 1988. Productivity change as a control on planktonic foraminiferal evolution after the Cretaceous/Tertiary boundary. Historical Biology, 1:323-343.

Crame, J.A. (ed.) 1989. Origins and Evolution of the Antarctic Biota. Geological Society of London, Bath.

Crame, J.A. and Clarke, A. 1997. The historical component of marine taxonomic diversity gradients, p. 258-273. In Ormond, R. F.G., Gage, J D. and Angel, M.V. (eds.) Marine Biodiversity Patterns and Processes. United Kingdom.

Danelian, T. and Johnson, K.G. 2001. Patterns of biotic change in Middle Jurassic to Early Cretaceous Tethyan radiolaria. Marine Micropaleontology, 43:239-260.

Diester-Haass, L. 1994. Middle Eocene to early Oligocene paleoceanography of the Antarctic Ocean (Maud Rise, ODP Leg 113, Site 689): change from a low to a high productivity ocean. Paleogeography, Paleoclimatology, Paleoecology, 113:311-334.

Diester-Haass, L., Meyers, P.A. and Vidal, L. 2002. The Late Miocene onset of high productivity in the Benguela Current upwelling system as part of a global pattern. Marine Geology, 180: 87-103.

Diester-Haass, L. and Zahn, R. 1996. Eocene-Oligocene transition in the Southern Ocean: History of water mass circulation and biological productivity. Geology, 24:163-166.

Erbacher, J., Thurow, J. and Littke, R. 1996. Evolution patterns of radiolaria and organic matter variations: A new approach to identify sea-level changes in mid-Cretaceous pelagic environments. Geology, 24:499-502.

Flores, J.-A., Gersonde, R., Sierro, F. J. and Niebler, H.-S. 2000. Southern Ocean Pleistocene calcareous nannofossil events: calibration with isotope and geomagnetic stratigraphies. Marine Micropaleontology, 40:377-402.

Flower, B. and Kennett, J.P. 1993. Middle Miocene ocean-climate transition: high resolution oxygen and carbon isotopic records from Deep Sea Drilling Project Site 588A, Southwest Pacific. Paleoceanography, 8:811-843.

Flower, B. and Kennett, J.P. 1994. The middle Miocene climatic transistion: East Antarctic ice sheet development, deep ocean circulation and global carbon cycling. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 108:537-555.

Froelich, P.N., Malone, P.N., Hodell, D.A., Ciesielski, P.F., Warnke, D.A., Westall, F., Hailwood, E.A., Nobes, D.C., Fenner, J. and Mienert, J. 1991. Biogenic opal and carbonate accumulation rates in the subantarctic South Atlantic: the late Neogene of Meteor Rise Site 704, p. 515-550. In Ciesielski, P.F. and Kristoffersen Y. (eds.), Proceedings of the Ocean Drilling Program, Scientific Results, Leg 119. ODP, College Station, Texas.

Gersonde, R., Abelmann, A., Burckle, L., Hamilton, N., Lazarus, D., McCartney, K., O'Brien, P., Spiess, V. and Wise, S.W. 1990. Biostratigraphic synthesis of Neogene siliceous microfossils from the Antarctic Ocean, ODP Leg 113 (Weddell Sea), p. 915-936. In Barker, P. and Kennett, J. P. (eds.) Proceedings of the Ocean Drilling Program, Scientific Results, Leg 113. ODP, College Station, Texas.

Hallock, P. 1987. Fluctuations in the trophic resource continuum: a factor in global diversity cycles?. Paleoceanography, 2:457-471.

Hallock, P., Premoli Silva, I. and Boersma, A. 1991. Similarities between planktonic and larger foraminifera evolutionary trends through Paleogene paleoceanographic changes. Paleogeography, Paleoclimatology, Paleoecology, 83:49-64.

Harper, H.E. and Knoll, A.H. 1975. Silica, diatoms and Cenozoic radiolarian evolution. Geology, 3:175-177.

Harwood, D., Lazarus, D.B., Aubry, M., Berggren, W.A., Heider, F., Inokuchi H. and Maruyama , T. 1992. Neogene stratigraphic synthesis, ODP Leg 120, p. 1031-1052. In Wise, W., Schlich, R. and O'Connell S. (eds.), Proceedings of the Ocean Drilling Program, Scientific Results, Leg 120. ODP, College Station, Texas.

Hart, M.B. 1980. A water depth model for the evolution of the planktonic Foraminiferida. Nature, 286:252-254.

Hays, J.D. 1965. Radiolaria and late Tertiary and Quaternary history of Antarctic Seas, p. 125-184. In Llano, D. (ed.), Biology of Antarctic Seas, Antarctic Research Series 5, AGU, Washington, D.C.

Hays, J.D. and Shackleton, N.J. 1976. Globally synchronous extinction of the radiolarian Stylatractus universus. Geology, 4:649-652.

Hoffman, A. and Kitchell, J.A. 1984. Evolution in a pelagic planktic system: a paleobiologic test of models of multispecies evolution, Paleobiology, 10:9-33.

Imbrie, J. and Kipp, N. G. 1971. A new micropaleontological method for quantitative paleoclimatology: application to a late Pleistocene Carribean core, p. 71-181. In Turekian, K. K. (ed.), Late Cenozoic Glacial Ages. Yale University Press, New Haven.

Johnson, D.A. and Nigrini, C.A. 1985. Synchronous and time-transgressive Neogene radiolarian datum levels in the equatorial Indian and Pacific Oceans. Marine Micropaleontology, 9:489-523.

Kennett, J.P. 1979. Recent zoogeography of Antarctic plankton microfossils, p. 328-355. In van der Spoel, S. and Pierrot-Bults, A.C. (eds.), Zoogeography and Diversity of Plankton. Halstead, New York.

Kennett, J.P. 1982. Marine Geology. Prentice-Hall, Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey.

Kennett, J.P. and Barker, P.F. 1990. Latest Cretaceous to Cenozoic climate and oceanographic developments in the Weddell Sea, Antarctica: an ocean-drilling perspective, p. 937-962. In Barker, P.F. and Kennett, J. P. (eds.), Proceedings of the Ocean Drilling Program, Scientific Results., Leg 113. ODP, College Station, Texas.

Kennett, J.P. and Srinivasan, M.S. 1983. Neogene Planktonic Foraminifera , A Phylogenetic Atlas. Hutchinson Ross, Stroudsburg, Pennsylvania.

Kitchell, J.A. 1987. The temporal distribution of evolutionary and migrational events in pelagic ecosystems: episodic or continuous? Paleoceanography, 2:473-488.

Lazarus, D.B. 1990. Middle Miocene to Recent radiolarians from the Weddell Sea, Antarctica, ODP Leg 113, p. 709-728. In Barker, P. F. and Kennett , J. P. (eds.), Proceedings of the Ocean Drilling Program, Scientific Results, Leg 113. ODP, College Station, Texas.

Lazarus, D.B. 1992. Antarctic Neogene radiolarians from the Kerguelen Plateau, ODP Legs 119 and 120, p. 785-810. In Wise, S. W. and Schlich, R. (eds.), Proceedings of the Ocean Drilling Program, Scientific Results, Leg 120. ODP, College Station, Texas.

Lazarus, D.B. 1994. The Neptune Project - a marine micropaleontology database, Mathematical Geology, 26:817-832.

Lazarus, D. and Caulet, J.P. 1994. Cenozoic Southern Ocean reconstructions from sedimentologic, radiolarian, and other microfossil data, p. 145-174. In Kennett, J. P. and Warnke, D. A. (eds.), The Antarctic Paleonvironment: A Perspective on Global Change. Part 2, Antarctic Research Series. AGU, Washington, D. C.

Lipps, J.H. 1970. Plankton evolution. Evolution, 24:1-22.

Lipps, J.H. 1986. Extinction dynamics in pelagic ecosystems, p. 87-104. In Elliot, D. K. (ed.), Dynamics of Extinction. Wiley, New York.

Lozano, J.A. and Hays, J.D. 1976. Relationship of radiolarian assemblages to sediment types and physical oceanography in the Atlantic and western Indian Ocean sectors of the Antarctic Ocean, p. 303-336. In Cline, R.M. and Hays, J. D. (eds.), Investigation of Late Quaternary Paleoceanography and Paleoclimatology. GSA, Boulder, Colorado.

Mackensen, A., Barrera, E. and Hubberten, H.-W. 1992. Neogene circulation in the Southern Indian Ocean: evidence from benthic foraminifers, carbonate data, and stable isotope analyses, p. 867-880. In: Wise, S.W. and Schlich, R. (eds.), Proceedings of the Ocean Drilling Program, Science Results, Leg 120. ODP, College Station, Texas.

Marshall, C.R. 1990. Confidence intervals on stratigraphic ranges. Paleobiology, 16:1-10.

Marshall, C.R. 1994. Confidence intervals on stratigraphic ranges: partial relaxation of the assumption of randomly distributed fossil horizons. Paleobiology, 20:459-469.

Marshall, C.R., 1997. Confidence intervals on stratigraphic ranges with nonrandom distributions of fossil horizons. Paleobiology, 23: 165-173.

McGowan, J.A. 1986. The biogeography of pelagic ecosystems, p. 191-200. In Pierrot-Bults, A. C. van der Spoel, S. Zahuranec B.J. and Johnson, R.K. (eds.), Pelagic Biogeography. UNESCO, Paris.

Miller, K.G. and Fairbanks, R.G. 1985. Oligocene to Miocene carbon isotope cycles and abyssal circulation changes. In Sundquist, E.J. and Broecker, W.S. (eds.), The Carbon Cycle and Atmospheric CO2: Natural Variations Archean to Present. Geophysical Monographs. AGU, Washington, D. C. Moore, T. C., Shackleton, N. J. and Pisias, N. G. 1993. Paleoceanography and the diachrony of radiolarian events in the eastern equatorial Pacific. Paleoceanography, 8:567-586.

Moore, T.C.J., Shackleton, N.J. and Pisias, N.G., 1993. Paleoceanography and the diachrony of radiolarian events in the eastern equatorial Pacific. Paleoceanography, 8(5): 567-586.

Nakaseko, K. and Nishimura, A. 1982. Radiolaria from the bottom sediments of the Bellingshausen Basin in the Antarctic Sea. Reports of the Technology Research Center of Japan National Oil Corporation, 16:91-244.

Norris, R.D. 1991. Biased extinction and evolutionary trends. Paleobiology, 17:388-399.

Pearson, P.N. 1993. A lineage phylogeny for the Paleogene planktonic foraminifera. Micropaleontology, 39:193-232.

Pearson, P. 1996. Cladogenetic, extinction and survivorship patterns from a lineage phylogeny: the Paleogene planktonic foraminifera. Micropaleontology, 42:179-188.

Petrushevskaya, M.G. 1967. Radiolarians of the orders Spumellaria and Nassellaria of the Antarctic region, Issled. Fauny morei 4:5-186.

Petrushevskaya, M.G. 1975. Cenozoic radiolarians of the Antarctic Deep Sea Drilling Project Leg 29, p. 541-676. In Kennett J.P. and Houtz, R.E. (eds.), Initial Reports of the Deep Sea Drilling Project, Leg 29. U. S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D. C.

Raffi, I. 2002. Revision of the early-middle Pleistocene calcareous nannofossil biochronology (1.75 to 0.85 Ma). Marine Micropaleontology, 45: 25-56.

Roth, P.H. 1987. Mesozoic calcareous nannofossil evolution: relation to paleoceanographic events. Paleoceanography, 2:601-611.

Siegfried, W.R., Condy, P.R. and Laws, R.M. (eds.) 1985. Antarctic Nutrient Cycles and Food Webs. Springer, Berlin.

Stanley, S.M., Whetmore, K.L. and Kennett, J.P. 1988. Macroevolutionary differences between the two major clades of Neogene planktonic foraminifera. Paleobiology, 14:235-249.

Stehli, F.G., Douglas, R.G. and Kafesioglu, I.A. 1972. Models for the evolution of planktonic foraminifera, p. 116-128. In Schopf, T.J.M. (ed.), Models in Paleobiology. Freeman, Cooper, San Francisco, California.

Stenseth, N.C. and Maynard-Smith, J. 1984. Coevolution in ecosystems: Red Queen evolution or stasis? Evolution, 38:870-880.

Takahashi, K. 1991. Radiolaria: Flux, Ecology, and Taxonomy in the Pacific and Atlantic. Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, Massachusetts.

Thierstein, H., Geitzenauer, K.R., Molfino, B. and Shackleton, N.J. 1977. Global synchroneity of late Quaternary coccolith datum levels: validation by oxygen isotopes. Geology, 5:400-404.

Thunell, R. C. 1981. Cenozoic palaeotemperature changes and planktonic foraminiferal speciation. Nature, 289:670-672.

Van Couvering, J. A., Berggren, W. A., Drake, R. E., Aguirre, E., and Curtis, G. H. 1976. The terminal Miocene event. Marine Micropaleontology, 1:263-286.

van Valen, L. 1973. A new evolutionary law. Evol. Theory, 1:1-30.

Vrba, E.S. 1980. Evolution, species and fossils: how does life evolve? South African Journal of Science, 76:61-84.

Vrba, E.S. 1985. Environment and evolution: alternative causes of the temporal distribution of evolutionary events. S.-Afr. Tydskr. Wet., 81:229-236.

Wei, K.Y. and Kennett, J.P. 1983. Non-constant extinction rates of Neogene planktonic foraminifera. Nature, 305:218-230.

Wei, K.Y. and Kennett, J.P. 1986. Taxonomic evolution of Neogene planktonic foraminifera and paleoceanographic relations. Paleoceanography, 1:67-84.

Wright, J.D. and Miller, K.G. 1992. Miocene stable isotope stratigraphy, Site 747, Kerguelen Plateau, p. 855-866. In Wise, S.W. and Schlich, R. (eds.), Proceedings of the Ocean Drilling Program, Science Results, Leg 120. ODP, College Station, Texas.