Table 3. A. Tallies of skeletal parts for all vertebrates on the 24 biostratigraphic surveys, with some similar-age surveys combined.  Teeth include both complete and fragmentary specimens; other categories were mostly fragmentary.  Appendicular elements were identifiable as humerus, femur, phalanx, etc., while limb frags were only identifiable as such; these could also be included with appendicular.  B. Mammalian skeletal parts only.  Lower two rows provide comparable data for a complete skeleton, averaged for a combined bovid and equid (wildebeest and zebra).  Caudals (N=15) are excluded from the axial category because they so rarely survive pre-burial taphonomic processes (Behrensmeyer and Dechant 1980). See also Figure 9.

3A

 

 

All Vertebrates

Survey Level

Age (Ma)

Teeth

Skull

Mandible

Axial

Appendicular

Limb Frags

Total NISPSK

  

Teeth/Total NISPSK

Axial/Total NISPSK

Teeth/Axial Ratio

KL07

7.289

15

1

3

9

3

3

34

0.44

0.26

1.67

KL09+KL10

7.561

11

1

0

3

7

1

23

0.48

0.13

3.67

KL08

7.719

17

1

4

13

25

8

68

0.25

0.19

1.31

KL11+KL21

7.949

65

8

7

29

39

10

158

0.41

0.18

2.24

KL12

8.485

45

4

9

12

23

12

105

0.43

0.11

3.75

ML05

8.658

14

2

1

20

14

22

73

0.19

0.27

0.70

KL16

8.733

36

2

5

12

16

4

75

0.48

0.16

3.00

ML06

8.787

16

3

1

3

7

3

33

0.48

0.09

5.33

KL02+KL14

8.840

36

1

6

14

22

2

81

0.44

0.17

2.57

DK01+KL13

9.001

30

3

4

15

21

7

80

0.38

0.19

2.00

KL01

9.184

39

3

9

16

27

4

98

0.40

0.16

2.44

KL03

9.270

16

1

3

10

17

11

58

0.28

0.17

1.60

KL05+06

9.543

42

4

4

22

23

11

106

0.40

0.21

1.91

KL04

9.703

41

6

8

38

47

11

151

0.27

0.25

1.08

KL20

9.784

11

2

  

12

8

9

42

0.26

0.29

0.92

RK01+DH01-2

10.300

35

7

2

17

25

16

102

0.34

0.17

2.06

RK02

10.385

5

3

 

9

12

3

32

0.16

0.28

0.56

NISPSK

 

474

52

66

254

336

137

1319

 

 

 

Proportion of Total

 

0.359

0.039

0.050

0.193

0.255

0.104

  

 

 

 

3B

 

 

Mammals Only

Survey Level

Age
(Ma)

Tooth

Skull

Mandible

Axial

Appendicular

Limb Frags

Total NISPSKM

  

Teeth/Total NISPSKM

Axial/Total NISPSKM

Teeth/Axial Ratio

KL07

7.289

15

1

3

9

3

3

34

0.44

0.26

1.67

KL09+KL10

7.561

11

1

  

3

7

1

23

0.48

0.13

3.67

KL08

7.719

17

1

4

11

25

8

66

0.26

0.17

1.55

KL11+KL21

7.949

64

7

7

28

39

10

155

0.41

0.18

2.29

KL12

8.485

44

3

9

12

23

12

103

0.43

0.12

3.67

ML05

8.658

14

2

1

18

14

22

71

0.20

0.25

0.78

KL16

8.733

36

2

5

12

16

3

74

0.49

0.16

3.00

ML06

8.787

16

2

1

3

7

3

32

0.50

0.09

5.33

KL02+KL14

8.84

36

1

5

14

21

2

79

0.46

0.18

2.57

DK01+KL13

9.001

29

3

4

15

21

7

79

0.37

0.19

1.93

KL01

9.184

39

2

8

15

27

4

95

0.41

0.16

2.60

KL03

9.27

16

1

2

10

17

11

57

0.28

0.18

1.60

KL05+06

9.543

41

3

4

22

20

11

101

0.41

0.22

1.86

KL04

9.703

41

6

8

38

47

11

151

0.27

0.25

1.08

KL20

9.784

9

2

  

9

8

9

37

0.24

0.24

1.00

RK01+DH01-2

10.3

35

5

2

16

25

16

99

0.35

0.16

2.19

RK02

10.385

5

3

  

5

11

2

26

0.19

0.19

1.00

Total NISP skm

  

468

45

63

240

331

135

1282

0.37

0.19

1.95

Proportion of Total

  

0.365

0.035

0.049

0.187

0.258

0.105

  

  

  

  

Modern Ungulate

  

38

1

2

56

45

  

142

  

  

  

Proportion of Total

  

0.268

0.007

0.014

0.394

0.317

  

  

0.27

0.39

0.68