REFERENCES

Alberch, P., Gould, S.J., Oster, G.F., and Wake, D.B. 1979. Size and shape in ontogeny and phylogeny. Paleobiology, 5:296 - 317.

Albright, L.B. 1998. New genus of tapir (Mammalia: Tapiridae) from the Arikareean (earliest Miocene) of the Texas Coastal Plain. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology, 18:200-217.

Bryant, H.N. 1996. Explicitness, stability, and universality in the phylogenetic definition and usage of taxon names: a case study of the phylogenetic taxonomy of the Carnivora (Mammalia). Systematic Biology, 45:174 - 189.

Brünnich, M.T. 1772. Zoologiae fundamenta praelectionibus acad. Accomodata (Lat. et Dan). Transaction of the Linnean Society of London, 7:241.

Burnett, G.T. 1830. Illustrations of the Quadrupeda, or quadrupeds, being the arrangement of the true four-footed beasts, indicated in outline. Quarterly Journal of Scientific Literary Arts, 26:336 - 353.

Colbert, M.W . 1993. New species of tapiroids from the Eocene of San Diego County, California, and their implications to tapiroid phylogeny and evolution. M.S. thesis, San Diego State University, San Diego, California, 271 pp.

Colbert, M.W. 1999. Patterns of evolution and variation in the Tapiroidea (Mammalia: Perissodactyla). Ph.D. dissertation, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, 464 pp.

Colbert, M.W. and Schoch, R.M. 1998. Tapiroidea and other moropomorphs, p. 569 - 582. In Janis, C.M., Scott, K.M., and Jacobs, L.L. (eds.), Evolution of Tertiary Mammals of North America . Cambridge University Press, Cambridge , United Kingdom.

Dashzeveg, D. and Hooker, J.J. 1997. New ceratomorph perissodactyls (Mammalia) from the Middle and Late Eocene of Mongolia: their implications for phylogeny and dating. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society , 120:105-138.

Desmarest, A.G. 1819. Nouveau dictionnaire d'histoire naturelle. Volume 32. Chez Deterville, Paris .

de Queiroz, K. and Gauthier, J. 1990. Phylogeny as the central principle in taxonomy: phylogenetic definitions of taxon names. Systematic Zoology, 39:307 - 322.

de Queiroz, K. and Gauthier, J. 1994. Toward a phylogenetic system of biological nomenclature. Trends in Ecology and Evolution, 9:27 - 31.

Edinger, T., and Kitts, D.B. 1954. The foramen ovale. Evolution, 8:389-404.

Eisenberg, J.F., Groves, C.P., and MacKinnon, K. 1990. Tapirs, p. 598 - 608. In Parker, S.B. (ed.), Grzimek's Encyclopedia of Mammals, volume 4. McGraw-Hill, Inc., New York.

Froehlich, D.J. 1999. Phylogenetic systematics of basal perissodactyls. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology, 19:140 - 159.

Gill, T.N. 1865. No title. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Science Philadelphia, 17:183.

Haeckel, E. 1873. Natürliche Schöpfundsgeschichte....Vierte auflage. George Riemer of Berlin.

Hanson, C.B. 1996. Stratigraphy and vertebrate faunas of the Bridgerian-Duchesnean Clarno Formation, north-central Oregon, p. 206 - 239. In Prothero, D.R. and Emry, R.J. (eds.), The Terrestrial Eocene-Oligocene Transition in North America . Cambridge University Press, New York.

Hatcher, J.B. 1896. Recent and fossil tapirs. American Journal of Science, 1:161-180.

Hershkovitz, P. 1954. Mammals of northern Colombia, preliminary report no. 7: tapirs (genus Tapirus), with a systematic review of American species. Proceedings of the United States National Museum, 103:465 - 496.

Holbrook, L.T. 1999. The phylogeny and classification of tapiromorph perissodactyls (Mammalia). Cladistics, 15:331-250.

Hooker, J.J. 1984. A primitive ceratomorph (Perissodactyla, Mammalia) from the early Tertiary of Europe. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 82:229-244.

Hooker, J.J. 1989. Character polarities in early perissodactyls and their significance for Hyracotherium and infraordinal relationships; pp. 79-101. In Prothero, D.R. and Schoch, R.M. (eds.), The Evolution of the Perissodactyls. Oxford University Press, New York.

Hulbert, R.C., Jr. 1995. The giant tapir, Tapirus haysii, from Lesley Shell Pit 1A and other Florida Irvingtonian localities. Bulletin Florida State Museum Natural History, 37:515-551.

Ketcham, R.A. and Carlson, W.D. 2001. Acquisition, optimization and interpretation of X-ray computed tomographic imagery: applications to the geosciences. Computers and Geosciences, 27:381-400.

Linnaeus, C. 1758. Systema naturae per regna tria naturae, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis. Laurentii Salvii, Stockholm.

MacFadden, B.J. 1976. Cladistic analysis of primitive equids, with notes on other perissodactyls. Systematic Zoology, 25:1-14.

Nowak, R.M. 1999. Walker's Mammals of the World, 6th Edition (6th ed), volume 2. Baltimore, John Hopkins University Press.

Prothero, D.R. and Schoch, R.M. 1989a. Origin and evolution of the Perissodactyla: summary and synthesis, p. 504–529. In Prothero, D.R. and Schoch, R.M. (eds.), The Evolution of the Perissodactyls. Oxford University Press, New York.

Prothero, D.R. and Schoch, R.M. 1989b. A classification of the Perissodactyla, p. 530–537. In Prothero, D.R. and Schoch, R.M. (eds.), The Evolution of the Perissodactyls. Oxford University Press, New York.

Radinsky, L.B. 1963. Origin and early evolution of North American Tapiroidea. Bulletin of the Peabody Museum of Natural History , 17:1-115.

Radinsky, L.B. 1965. Evolution of the tapiroid skeleton from Heptodon to Tapirus. Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology , 134:69-103.

Ray, C.E. and Sanders, A.E.. 1984. Pleistocene tapirs in the eastern United States. Special Publication of the Carnegie Museum of Natural History , 8:283 - 315.

Roulin, X. 1829. Memoir pour servir a l'histoire du tapir; et description dune espece nouvelle appartenant aux hautes regions de la Cordillere des Andes. Annales des Science Naturelle Zoologie Paris, 17:26-55.

Rowe, T. and Gauthier, J. 1992. Ancestry, paleontology, and definition of the name Mammalia. Systematic Biology, 41:372-378.

Schoch, R.M. 1989a. A brief historical review of perissodactyl classification; pp. 1323. In Prothero, D.R. and Schoch, R.M. (eds.), The Evolution of the Perissodactyls. Oxford University Press, New York.

Schoch, R.M. 1989b. A review of the tapiroids, p. 298-320. In Prothero, D.R. and Schoch, R.M. (eds.), The Evolution of the Perissodactyls. Oxford University Press, New York.

Scott, W.B. 1941. The mammalian fauna of the White River Oligocene. Part V. Perissodactyla. Transactions of the American Philosophical Society, 28:747-775.

Simpson, G.G. 1945. Notes on Pleistocene and Recent tapirs. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History , 86:36 - 81.

Swofford, D.A. 2003. PAUP* 4.0. Sinauer Associates, Sunderland, Massachusetts.

Wilson, D.E. and Reeder, D.M. 1993. Mammal species of the World. A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference, 2nd ed. Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington, D.C.

Witmer, L.M., Sampson, S.D., and Salounias, N. 1999. The proboscis of tapirs (Mammalia: Perissodactyla): a case study in novel narial anatomy. Journal of Zoology, 249:249-267.

Wood, H.E. 1937. Perissodactyl suborders. Journal of Mammalogy 18:106.

Wortman, J.L. and Earle, C. 1893. Ancestors of the tapir from the Lower Miocene of Dakota. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History, 5: 159-180.