Table 1. Eocene-Miocene post-collisional paleocurrent trends in the Himalayan foreland.
|
Formation |
Location |
Age |
Dominant |
Drainage Interpretation |
Source |
|
Kamlial Formation |
Potwar Plateau |
Middle Miocene |
SE, E |
Fluvial system indicating regional flow Flow from alluvial fans equivocal to regional flow |
|
|
Upper units of the Choksti Formation (Indian Molasse) |
Indian Himalaya |
Oligocene-Early Miocene |
SW |
May represent the initiated Indus River with source from the Karakorum or Lhasa blocks (=Indian Plate) |
|
|
Chitarwata and Vihowa Formations |
Zinda Pir Dome (Dalana) |
Early Miocene (Oligocene?-Early Miocene) |
SE |
Coastal shelf system draining the Katawaz block highlands supplanted by the Indus river drainage |
This Study |
|
Chitarwata, Vihowa, Litra and Chaudhwan Formations |
Zinda Pir Dome (Raki Nala and Chaudwan Zam) |
Oligocene-Pliocene |
SE, SW |
Sequence of meandering river deposits to larger braided rivers to conglomerates, with drainage from W foothills and NW highland |
|
|
Khojak Formation |
Katawaz Basin |
Eocene-Early Miocene |
SW |
Delta-Fan complex which drained the Indus River system longitudinally into the Katawaz remnant ocean |
|
|
Ganguri Sandstone |
Kohat Basin |
Early Eocene |
SE |
Nearshore environments with a NW source |
|
|
Ghazij Formation |
Balochistan |
Early Eocene |
SE |
From areas to the NW where uplift near initial zone of continent-continent contact and compression |
|
|
Ghazij Formation |
Zinda Pir Dome Raki Nala and Chaudwan Zam |
Early Eocene |
SE |
Post-collisional shelf slope reversal |