PLAIN-LANGUAGE SUMMARY

At least two species of sauropod dinosaurs, Malawisaurus dixeyi and the new species Karongosaurus gittelmani, were discovered in northern Malawi, in south-central Africa. These fossils are older than 112 million years. The remains of Malawisaurus are more complete than those of any other member of the group of sauropods to which it belongs and which are of comparable age. Karongosaurus is only surely known from a jaw and some teeth, but that is enough to show that while Malawisaurus had a short, high skull, Karongosaurus was very different in the shape of the jaws, teeth, and probably had a long, low skull. Differences in teeth, jaws, and skull shape are important for feeding, and therefore, the differences between Karangasaurus and Malawisaurus probably represent different ecological roles played by each.