Lagomorpha consists of two living families, Leporidae (rabbits and hares) and Ochotonidae (pikas) that include 13 living genera and 81 species (Nowak 1999) and 56 fossil genera (McKenna and Bell 1997). The earliest members of Lagomorpha appeared in the Eocene (55 to34 million years ago) of Asia. In this paper, we describe some Eocene rabbit fossils that were collected from the Ula Usu locality, Inner Mongolia, China, during the Central Asiatic Expedition led by the American Museum of Natural History (AMNH) in 1925. The new species Gobiolagus burkei is named. We revised diagnoses for most of the Asian Eocene lagomorphs and provided photographs for the holotypes that are housed in the AMNH. A holotype is a specimen designated as the name-bearer for a species when it was established. By providing these data we hope to clarify some existing taxonomic problems of Asian Eocene fossils and furnish a more informative basis for future comparative study of early lagomorphs.