APPENDIX 1
Limb proportion measurement ratios and limb-limb length ratios compared among sauropod taxa. Breadth measurements are in the transverse direction; ranges are based on multiple species, individuals, or specimens. Symbol meaning: e = estimate; -- = no measurement; ? = questionable value. See
Appendix 2 for references.
|
|
Taxon
|
Proximal breadth/length
|
Distal breadth/length
|
Minimum breadth/length
|
Minimum circumference/length
|
|
|
|
Humerus
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Alamosaurus
|
0.42-0.43
|
0.33-0.35
|
0.17
|
0.47
|
|
|
|
Apatosaurus
|
0.46-0.50
|
0.33-0.39
|
0.18-0.20
|
0.50-0.55
|
|
|
|
Brachiosaurus
|
0.26-0.34
|
0.22-0.28
|
0.11-0.14
|
0.30-0.36
|
|
|
|
Camarasaurus
|
0.34-0.49
|
0.26-0.38
|
0.14-0.17
|
0.42-0.50
|
|
|
|
Cedarosaurus
|
0.28
|
0.24
|
0.13
|
0.32
|
|
|
|
Chubutisaurus
|
0.34e
|
0.26e
|
0.15e
|
--
|
|
|
|
Dicraeosaurus
|
0.40-0.47
|
0.30-0.37
|
0.13-0.17
|
--
|
|
|
|
Diplodocus
|
0.38e
|
0.29
|
--
|
0.43-0.50
|
|
|
|
Epachthosaurus
|
0.34
|
0.32
|
0.18
|
0.46
|
|
|
|
Euhelopus
|
0.40
|
0.25
|
0.19
|
--
|
|
|
|
Malawisaurus
|
0.36-0.39
|
0.29-.031
|
0.15-0.16
|
--
|
|
|
|
Paluxysaurus
|
0.28-0.29
|
0.25-0.28
|
0.12-0.14
|
0.34-0.38
|
|
|
|
Pleurocoelus
|
0.31
|
0.29
|
0.15
|
0.40
|
|
|
|
Saltasaurus
|
0.48-0.57
|
0.29-0.43
|
--
|
0.48-0.67
|
|
|
|
Shunosaurus
|
0.48
|
0.37
|
0.17
|
--
|
|
|
|
Ulna
|
Proximal breadth/length
|
Distal breadth/length
|
Minimum breadth/length
|
Minimum circumference/length
|
|
|
|
Alamosaurus
|
0.41
|
0.32
|
0.17
|
--
|
|
|
|
Apatosaurus
|
0.44
|
0.23-0.25
|
0.17
|
0.47-.050
|
|
|
|
Brachiosaurus
|
0.34
|
0.17
|
--
|
--
|
|
|
|
Camarasaurus
|
0.35-0.40
|
0.17-0.23
|
0.11-0.14
|
0.35-0.39
|
|
|
|
Diplodocus
|
0.27?
|
0.18?
|
--
|
0.36?-0.40
|
|
|
|
Epachthosaurus
|
0.42
|
0.23
|
0.17
|
0.56
|
|
|
|
Malawisaurus
|
0.36
|
0.17-0.19
|
0.14-0.19
|
--
|
|
|
|
Paluxysaurus
|
0.33
|
0.18
|
0.14
|
0.39
|
|
|
|
Saltasaurus
|
0.51-0.56
|
0.24-0.28
|
--
|
0.56-0.60
|
|
|
|
Shunosaurus
|
0.34
|
0.15
|
0.17
|
--
|
|
|
|
Venenosaurus
|
0.35
|
0.16
|
--
|
0.37
|
|
|
|
Radius
|
Proximal breadth/length
|
Distal breadth/length
|
Minimum breadth/length
|
Minimum circumference/length
|
|
|
|
Alamosaurus
|
0.36
|
0.33
|
0.15
|
--
|
|
|
|
Apatosaurus
|
0.26-0.30
|
0.25-0.27
|
0.16-0.17
|
0.43-0.44
|
|
|
|
Brachiosaurus
|
0.25
|
0.22
|
0.11
|
--
|
|
|
|
Camarasaurus
|
0.24-0.28
|
0.23-.025
|
0.11-0.15
|
0.33-0.38
|
|
|
|
Cedarosaurus
|
0.22
|
0.16
|
0.15
|
0.30
|
|
|
|
Dicraeosaurus
|
0.25
|
0.22
|
0.14
|
--
|
|
|
|
Diplodocus
|
0.20?
|
0.17-0.22?
|
0.14
|
0.35-0.40
|
|
|
|
Epachthosaurus
|
0.30
|
0.33?
|
0.15
|
0.45
|
|
|
|
Malawisaurus
|
0.23
|
0.17
|
0.10
|
--
|
|
|
|
Paluxysaurus
|
0.25
|
0.24
|
0.11
|
0.32
|
|
|
|
Pleurocoelus
|
0.21
|
0.26
|
0.11
|
0.35
|
|
|
|
Saltasaurus
|
0.32-0.46
|
0.14-0.34
|
--
|
0.41-0.71
|
|
|
|
Shunosaurus
|
0.33
|
0.29
|
0.18
|
--
|
|
|
|
Venenosaurus
|
0.22
|
0.21
|
0.11
|
0.34
|
|
|
|
Femur
|
Proximal breadth/length
|
Distal breadth/length
|
Minimum breadth/length
|
Minimum circumference/length
|
Mid-shaft transverse breadth/anteroposterior breadth
|
|
|
Apatosaurus
|
0.30-0.33
|
0.28-0.32
|
0.15-0.18
|
0.40-0.49
|
--
|
|
|
Brachiosaurus
|
0.26-0.31
|
0.26-.031
|
0.13-0.17
|
~0.44
|
1.59-2.00
|
|
|
Camarasaurus
|
0.27-0.38
|
0.27-0.32
|
0.15-0.18
|
0.42-0.48
|
1.43e
|
|
|
Chubutisaurus
|
0.29e
|
0.27e
|
0.17
|
--
|
--
|
|
|
Diplodocus
|
0.22-0.37
|
0.19-0.27
|
0.18
|
0.36-0.41
|
--
|
|
|
Epachthosaurus
|
0.31
|
0.28
|
0.21
|
0.50
|
--
|
|
|
Euhelopus
|
0.31
|
0.27
|
0.16
|
0.42
|
1.60
|
|
|
Haplocanthosaurus
|
0.28-0.33
|
0.22-0.31
|
0.16-0.18
|
0.41-0.45
|
--
|
|
|
Paluxysaurus
|
0.27
|
0.20-0.25
|
0.11-0.14
|
0.30-0.35
|
1.45-1.91
|
|
|
Pleurocoelus
|
0.29-0.30
|
0.27-0.29
|
0.14-0.15
|
0.40
|
1.34
|
|
|
Saltasaurus
|
0.30
|
0.31
|
0.19
|
--
|
1.96
|
|
|
Shunosaurus
|
0.28
|
0.21
|
0.12
|
--
|
--
|
|
|
Tibia
|
Minimum circumference/length
|
|
Fibula
|
Minimum circumference/length
|
|
|
|
Apatosaurus
|
0.45-0.46
|
|
Apatosaurus
|
0.27-0.31
|
|
|
|
Camarasaurus
|
0.46
|
|
Diplodocus
|
0.22?-0.31
|
|
|
|
Diplodocus
|
0.35?-0.44
|
|
Epachthosaurus
|
0.30
|
|
|
|
Epachthosaurus
|
0.48
|
|
Euhelopus
|
0.30
|
|
|
|
Euhelopus
|
0.44
|
|
Opisthocoelicaudia
|
0.40
|
|
|
|
Opisthocoelicaudia
|
0.60
|
|
Haplocanthosaurus
|
0.36
|
|
|
|
Haplocanthosaurus
|
0.55
|
|
Paluxysaurus
|
0.27-0.28
|
|
|
|
Paluxysaurus
|
0.37
|
|
Pleurocoelus
|
0.30
|
|
|
|
Pleurocoelus
|
0.43
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
YPM 5450
|
0.32
|
|
|
|
|
Appendix 1 (continued).
|
|
Taxon
|
radius/ulna
|
radius/humerus
|
ulna/humerus
|
humerus/femur
|
tibia/fibula
|
tibia/femur
|
fibula/femur
|
|
|
Alamosaurus
|
0.90
|
0.59
|
0.65
|
--
|
--
|
--
|
--
|
|
|
Andesaurus
|
--
|
--
|
--
|
0.87
|
--
|
--
|
--
|
|
|
Apatosaurus
|
0.93
|
0.73
|
0.78-0.79
|
0.63-0.64
|
0.93-0.96
|
0.61-0.63
|
0.64-0.65
|
|
|
Brachiosaurus
|
0.95
|
0.58
|
0.61
|
1.0-1.05
|
0.97-0.99?
|
0.58
|
0.60-0.65?
|
|
|
Camarasaurus
|
0.87-0.99
|
0.66-0.74
|
0.67-0.81
|
0.69?-0.89
|
0.92
|
0.63-0.64
|
0.68
|
|
|
Cedarosaurus
|
--
|
0.59
|
--
|
0.99
|
--
|
0.63?
|
--
|
|
|
Chubutisaurus
|
--
|
0.60
|
--
|
0.86
|
--
|
0.62
|
--
|
|
|
Diplodocus
|
0.93-0.96
|
0.68-0.70
|
0.73
|
0.63?-0.65
|
0.91-0.99
|
0.60-0.71
|
0.63-0.71
|
|
|
Epachthosaurus
|
0.89
|
0.59
|
0.66
|
0.80
|
0.96
|
0.64
|
0.67
|
|
|
Euhelopus
|
--
|
--
|
--
|
0.99
|
0.97
|
0.63
|
0.65
|
|
|
Haplocanthosaurus
|
--
|
--
|
--
|
--
|
0.95
|
0.52
|
0.55
|
|
|
Paluxysaurus
|
0.95
|
0.61
|
0.64
|
0.85-0.88
|
0.97
|
0.62?
|
0.63
|
|
|
Shunosaurus
|
1.02
|
0.72
|
0.70
|
0.71?
|
0.97
|
0.57
|
0.58
|
|
|
Venenosaurus
|
0.90
|
--
|
--
|
--
|
--
|
--
|
--
|
Appendix 1 (continued).
|
|
Taxon
|
Longest Mc/radius
|
|
|
Alamosaurus
|
0.51
|
|
|
Apatosaurus
|
0.37
|
|
|
Brachiosaurus
|
0.51
|
|
|
Camarasaurus
|
0.44-0.47
|
|
|
Cedarosaurus
|
?0.53
|
|
|
Chubutisaurus
|
0.55
|
|
|
Diplodocus
|
0.30-0.34
|
|
|
Epachthosaurus
|
0.56
|
|
|
Paluxysaurus
|
?0.45
|
|
|
Shunosaurus
|
0.35
|
|
|
Venenosaurus
|
0.52
|
Next Section
