APPENDIX 2

Characters and scorings used in phylogenetic analysis.

1. Palatal teeth (pterygoid, palatine, vomer): present (0); absent (1) (Sereno 1991; Parrish 1992; Dilkes 1998; Nesbitt 2007)

2. Contact between maxilla and external naris: (0) present; (1) absent (Benton 1985; Evans 1988, Senter 2004)

3. Premaxilla: not downturned (0); downturned (1) (Gower and Sennikov 1997)

4. Antorbital fenestra: absent (0); without antorbital fossa (1); with antorbital fossa (2) (Gower and Sennikov 1997)

5. Lateral mandibular fenestra: absent (0); present (1) (Benton 1985; Gauthier et al. 1988b; Juul 1994; Dilkes 1998; Benton 2004; Senter 2004)

6. Caniniform teeth in maxilla: present (0); absent (1) (Benton 1985; Gauthier et al. 1988b; Senter 2004)

7. Ossified laterosphenoid: absent (0); present (1) (Benton and Clark 1988; Juul 1994; Dilkes 1998; Benton 2004)

8. Pineal fossa: present (0); absent (1) (Parrish 1992; Gower and Sennikov 1997)

9. Tooth implantation: non-thecodont (0); relatively "simple," clearly thecodont (1); fully developed teeth tightly contacting alveolar bone (2) (modified from Gower and Sennikov 1997)

10. Anterior margin of scapula in lateral view: approximately straight/convex (0); markedly concave (1) (Gower and Sennikov 1997)

11. Ratio of lengths of centra of mid-cervical and mid-dorsal vertebrae: 1.0 (0); > 1.0 and < 1.5 (1); > 1.5 (2) (Dilkes 1998)

12. Mid-cervical vertebrae neural spine: tall with approximately equal height and length (0); low, elongate (1) (modified from Dilkes 1998)

13. Mid-cervical vertebrae with mid-ventral keel: absent (0); present (1) (Chatterjee 1986)

14. Posterior face of mid-cervical centra: not convex (0); convex (1) (Senter 2004)

15. Post-axial cervical intercentra: present (0); absent (1) (Gauthier 1986; Benton and Clark 1988; Parrish 1993; Juul 1994; Dilkes 1998)

16. Spine tables (expanded apex when viewed from above) on neural spines of trunk vertebrae: absent (0); present (1) (Juul 1994; Benton 2004)

17. Hyposphene-hypantrum accessory vertebral articulations in trunk vertebrae: absent (0); present (1) (Juul 1994; Benton 2004; Nesbitt 2007)

18. Trunk ribs: most dolichocephalous (0); most holocephalous (1) (Dilkes 1998)

19. Three-headed dorsal ribs: absent (0); present (1) (Gower 2003)

20. Entepicondylar foramen of humerus: open (0); closed (1) (Benton 1985; Gauthier et al. 1988b; Senter 2004)

21. Ectepicondylar foramen or groove of humerus: absent (0); present (1) (Dilkes 1998)

22. Pronounced olecranon process: absent (0); present (1) (Benton 1985; Evans 1988; Senter 2004)

23. Femoral head: terminal (0); inflected medially (1) (Gauthier et al. 1988a)

24. Intertrochanteric fossa on proximoventral surface of femur: present (0); absent (1) (Juul 1994; Gower and Sennikov 1997; Benton 2004)

25. Femoral shaft: straight (0); sigmoidal (1) (modified from Gauthier et al. 1988b)

26. Femoral condyles: prominent (0); not projecting markedly beyond shaft (1) (Gauthier et al. 1988b;)

27. Hemicylindrical calcaneal condyle: absent (0); present (1) (Sereno 1991; Juul 1994; Benton 2004; Nesbitt 2007)

28. Dorsal margin of ilium: posterior process only (0); large posterior process and small anterior process (1); equally developed anterior and posterior processes (2); large anterior projection (3) (Dilkes 1998)

29. Plate-like union between ischium and pubis: present (0); absent (1) (Benton and Clark 1988;)

30. Number of sacral vertebrae: two (0); two plus an incipient third (1); three or more (2) (Gauthier 1986; Juul 1994; Benton 1999; Benton 2004; Nesbitt 2007)

31. Dorsal body osteoderms: absent (0); present (1); present but in median or paramedian rows over vertebral column (2) (Modified from Sereno 1991)

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