TABLE 4. Species recorded at one of the poles only or restricted to the tropics and subtropics.

Taxon
Total number of positive records
Number of records north of40°N
Number of records between 40°N and 40°S
Number of records south of 40°S
  No records north of 40°N, >10 records south of 40°S
* Acanthosphaera actinota
522
0
491
31
* Actinomma sol
146
0
93
53
* Actinosphaera acanthophora
179
0
149
30
* Cubotholus sp.
89
0
65
24
Heliodiscus echiniscus
206
0
185
21
* Hexacontium arachnoidale
38
0
27
11
* Lophophaena hispida-cylindrica
750
0
732
18
* Ommatodiscus murrayi
66
0
51
15
* Plegmosphaera pachyplegma
41
0
30
11
* Triceraspyris antarctica
270
0
36
234
  No records south of 40°S, >10 records north of 40°N
* Actinomma sp. 1
68
68
0
0
* Amphimelissa setosa
516
512
4
0
* Artobotrys borealis
475
465
10
0
* Ceratospyris borealis
885
674
211
0
* Cladococcus cervicornis
363
161
202
0
* Cladococcus viminalis
140
26
114
0
* Conarachnium polyacanthum
292
194
98
0
* Drymyomma elegans
23
23
0
0
* Euscenium corynephorum
35
35
0
0
Gonosphaera primordialis
206
160
46
0
* Lipmanella dictyoceras
454
208
246
0
* Lithocampe platycephala
259
259
0
0
* Lithostrobus hexagonalis
446
83
363
0
* Lophophaena capito
483
106
377
0
*** Lophospyris pentagona
556
35
521
0
* Plectacantha cremastoplegma
145
140
5
0
* Plegmosphaera coelopila
149
64
85
0
* Plegmosphaera lepticali
132
86
46
0
  No records polewards of 40°, >10 records between 40°N and 40°S
Acanthodesmia zonaria
15
0
15
0
* Acanthosphaera castanea
35
0
35
0
Acrobotrys sp. group
196
0
196
0
* Actinosphaera capillacea
73
0
73
0
* Androspyris ramosa
35
0
35
0
* Arachnocorys circumtexta
90
0
90
0
* Arachnosphaera myriacantha
304
0
304
0
* Astrosphaera hexagonalis
224
0
224
0
* Botryocephalina armata
36
0
36
0
* Buccinosphaera invaginata
235
0
235
0
* Centrobotrys thermophila
278
0
278
0
* Cephalospyris cancellata
44
0
44
0
Cephalospyris platybursa
348
0
348
0
Cladococcus megaceros
34
0
34
0
* Clathrocorys teuscheri
570
0
570
0
* Conarachnium facetum
78
0
78
0
* Corocalyptra krugeri
79
0
79
0
* Dictyocodon elegans
41
0
41
0
* Dictyocodon palladius
86
0
86
0
* Dictyospyris sp. 1
36
0
36
0
* Drymosphaera dendrophora
12
0
12
0
* Elatomma penicillus
13
0
13
0
* Haeckeliella macrodoras
41
0
41
0
* Haliomma castanea
30
0
30
0
* Hexacromyum elegans
207
0
207
0
* Hexalonche amphisiphon
144
0
144
0
* Liriospyris thorax thorax
262
0
262
0
* Lithopera bacca
294
0
294
0
Myelinastrinae
190
0
190
0
* Nephrospyris paradictyum
117
0
117
0
* Nephrospyris renilla
163
0
163
0
* Octodendron cubocentron
17
0
17
0
* Phormospyris stabilis capoi
167
0
167
0
* Sethoconus myxobrachia
26
0
26
0
* Sethodiscus macrococcus
37
0
37
0
* Solenosphaera polysolenia
60
0
60
0
* Solenosphaera zanguebarica
601
0
601
0
* Sphaeropyle mespilus
29
0
29
0
* Spongobrachium sp. 1
60
0
60
0
* Spongodictyon spongiosum
50
0
50
0
* Spongolena sp. 1
45
0
45
0
* Tessarastrum straussii
38
0
38
0
* Tholospyris anthophora
25
0
25
0
* Tholospyris baconiana
125
0
125
0
* Tholospyris procera
13
0
13
0
* Tholospyris tripodiscus
38
0
38
0
* Udan undulata
11
0
11
0
* Xiphosphaera tessaractis
105
0
105
0
All other species
* Acanthodesmia vinculata
1043
8
1028
7
* Acanthosphaera dodecastyla
64
0
62
2
* Acanthosphaera pinchuda
20
0
19
1
* Acrosphaera cyrtodon
27
1
26
0
* Acrosphaera murrayana
603
37
552
14
* Acrosphaera spinosa
1238
145
1071
22
* Actinomma antarcticum
328
1
103
224
* Actinomma arcadophorum
694
76
607
11
Actinomma capillaceum
2
0
2
0
Actinomma delicatulum
919
313
501
105
Actinomma leptodermum
1584
826
594
164
* Actinomma medianum
529
112
311
106
Actinosphaera tenella
3
0
3
0
* Amphirhopalum ypsilon
435
4
422
9
* Androcyclas gamphonycha
105
1
40
64
* Androspyris huxleyi
10
0
10
0
Androspyris reticulodisca
1
0
1
0
Anomalacantha dentata
174
57
104
13
* Antarctissa denticulata-strelkovi
705
115
280
310
* Anthocyrtidium ophirense
1087
6
1071
10
* Anthocyrtidium zanguebaricum
690
28
655
7
Arachnocorallium sp. group
1525
614
900
11
Arachnocorys sp. group
472
177
293
2
Arachnosphaera sp. 1
1
0
1
0
* Archipilium sp. 1
13
3
9
1
* Artostrobus annulatus
422
299
115
8
* Artostrobus jorgenseni
343
319
22
2
* Bathropyramis woodringii
51
2
49
0
* Botryocyrtis scutum
998
51
933
14
* Botryopyle dictyocephalus
85
2
79
4
* Botryostrobus aquilonaris
1041
444
456
141
* Botryostrobus auritus-australis
1437
380
956
101
* Callimitra carolotae
466
0
461
5
* Callimitra solocicribrata
72
55
16
1
* Calocyclas monumentum
58
0
56
2
* Carpocanarium papillosum
572
150
393
29
* Carpocanium sp.
1142
124
992
26
* Carposphaera acanthophora
113
12
97
4
Carposphaera capillacea
1
0
1
0
Cenosphaera cristata
194
21
77
96
Cenosphaera elysia
117
38
62
17
Cenosphaera hirsuta
3
0
2
1
Cenosphaera spp.
130
78
39
13
* Centrocubus cladostylus
158
29
128
1
Ceratocyrtis sinuosa
6
1
5
0
* Cladococcus abietinus
117
29
80
8
Cladococcus bifurcus
1
0
1
0
* Cladococcus scoparius
227
3
224
0
Cladococcus sp. 1
5
0
5
0
* Cladoscenium ancoratum
759
295
460
4
* Cladoscenium limbatum
19
5
14
0
* Clathrocanium coarctatum
491
2
484
5
Clathrocyclas sp. 1
1
0
1
0
Clathromitra pentacantha
2
0
0
2
Clathromitra pterophormis
1
0
1
0
Clathrosphaera arachnoides
1
0
1
0
* Collosphaera huxleyi
433
46
373
14
* Collosphaera macropora
269
2
265
2
* Collosphaera tuberosa
772
4
764
4
Conarachnium sp. 1
4
4
0
0
Conicavus tipiopsis
1
0
1
0
* Cornutella profunda
865
240
587
38
Corocalyptra cervus
951
236
702
13
* Cromyechinus antarctica
964
512
339
113
Cromyechinus sp. 1
5
0
5
0
* Cromyomma circumtextum
7
0
7
0
Cromyomma sp. 1
1
0
1
0
* Cromyomma villosum
9
0
9
0
** Cycladophora davisiana cornutoides
816
389
408
19
** Cycladophora davisiana davisiana
1519
916
414
189
Cyclampterium neatum
1
0
1
0
* Cyrtidosphaera reticulata
15
9
6
0
* Cyrtolagena laguncula
390
209
172
9
* Dictyocoryne profunda
1661
164
1417
80
* Dictyocoryne truncatum
787
23
754
10
* Dictyophimus hirundo
1027
403
529
95
* Dictyophimus histricosus
23
21
0
2
* Dictyophimus infabricatus
427
78
346
3
Dictyophimus mawsoni
4
0
0
4
Dictyophimus sp. 1
1
0
1
0
* Didymocyrtis tetrathalamus
1860
106
1694
60
* Dipylissa bensoni
8
2
5
1
Druppatractus irregularis
803
273
521
9
* Ellipsoxiphium palliatum
16
1
15
0
* Enneaphormis rotula
680
312
336
32
* Eucecryphalus clinatus
98
2
93
3
* Euchitonia elegans-furcata
1471
45
1391
35
* Eucyrtidium acuminatum
1293
289
891
113
* Eucyrtidium anomalum
375
26
347
2
Eucyrtidium erythromystax
157
17
125
15
* Eucyrtidium hexagonatum
1008
67
923
18
* Eucyrtidium hexastichum
403
0
401
2
* Haliomma macrodoras
10
0
10
0
Haliomma sp. 1
1
0
1
0
Haliomma sp. 2
5
0
5
0
* Heliodiscus asteriscus
1184
60
980
144
Heliodiscus sp. 1
6
0
6
0
Heliosoma sp. 1
1
0
1
0
* Helotholus histricosa
1056
629
277
150
Heterosphaera sp. 1
8
0
8
0
Heterosphaera sp. 2
4
0
4
0
Hexacontium armatum-hostile group
1420
395
993
32
Hexacontium heracliti
5
0
5
0
Hexacontium heteracantha
7
0
3
4
Hexacontium hystricina
1
0
1
0
* Hexacontium laevigatum
141
47
71
23
* Hexastylus dimensivius
27
0
26
1
Hexastylus triaxonius
1
0
1
0
* Lamprocyclas maritalis
858
65
707
86
* Lamprocyrtis junonis
608
113
440
55
* Lamprocyrtis nigriniae
765
93
651
21
* Lampromitra cracenta
20
0
19
1
* Lampromitra quadricuspis
607
158
430
19
* Lampromitra schultzei
142
2
139
1
* Larcopyle buetschlii
1582
491
988
103
* Larcospira quadrangula
1011
53
934
24
* Larnacalpis sp. 1
41
2
39
0
Leptosphaera minuta
1
0
1
0
* Lipmanella bombus
116
0
115
1
* Lipmanella virchowii
337
5
327
5
* Liriospyris reticulata
867
5
861
1
Liriospyris sp. 1
1
0
1
0
Liriospyris thorax laticapsa
8
0
8
0
* Litharachnium tentorium
966
346
613
7
Lithelius minor group
2065
668
1204
193
* Lithelius nautiloides
768
169
372
227
* Lithocampe sp. 1
234
49
163
22
Lithomelissa hystrix
441
362
70
9
* Lithomelissa setosa
981
756
201
24
* Lithopilium reticulatum
6
0
6
0
Lithostrobus cornutus
3
0
3
0
* Lophocorys polyacantha
324
37
286
1
Lophophaena decacantha group
566
193
367
6
Lophophaena rioplatensis
4
0
4
0
Lophophaena variabilis group
868
86
775
7
Lophospyris pentagona pentagona
1174
202
967
5
Lophospyris pentagona quadriforis
496
40
297
159
Lychnosphaera regina
2
0
2
0
* Mitrocalpis araneafera
137
112
16
9
* Neosemantis distephanus
859
196
661
2
* Octopyle stenozona/Tetrapyle octacantha
2010
321
1596
93
* Otosphaera polymorpha
227
1
226
0
* Peripyramis circumtexta
696
82
530
84
* Peromelissa phalacra
705
84
618
3
* Phormacantha hystrix
709
450
231
28
Phormospyris sp. 1
2
0
2
0
* Phormospyris stabilis scaphipes
948
79
812
57
* Phormospyris stabilis stabilis
305
58
244
3
* Phormostichoartus corbula
824
162
639
23
* Phorticium pylonium
1080
516
445
119
Phrenocodon clathrostomium
2
0
2
0
Plectacantha oikiskos
289
164
92
33
* Plectacantha trichoides
30
6
24
0
Plectanium sp. 1
6
0
6
0
* Plectopyramis dodecomma
27
3
12
12
Plegmosphaera entodictyon
135
0
130
5
Plegmosphaera oblonga
2
0
2
0
* Porodiscus microporus
51
1
50
0
* Pseudocubus obeliscus
663
163
496
4
Pseudocubus octostylus
1
0
1
0
* Pseudodictyophimus bicornis
156
49
106
1
* Pseudodictyophimus gracilipes
2107
1088
951
68
* Pterocanium auritum
127
3
103
21
* Pterocanium korotnevi
747
305
418
24
* Pterocanium praetextum
1243
43
1169
31
* Pterocanium trilobum
1239
103
1105
31
* Pterocorys hertwigii
322
5
313
4
* Pterocorys minythorax
333
1
322
10
* Pterocorys zancleus
1660
269
1283
108
* Pterocyrtidium dogieli
21
1
13
7
Pteropilium stratiotes
3
0
3
0
* Pteroscenium pinnatum
304
4
294
6
* Pylolena armata
665
16
606
43
* Pylospira octopyle
224
52
168
4
* Rhizoplegma boreale
817
773
27
17
* Saccospyris antarctica
218
165
1
52
* Saccospyris conithorax
422
354
51
17
* Saturnalis circularis
163
16
127
20
* Sethoconus anthocyrtis
81
0
79
2
* Sethoconus tabulatus
199
165
26
8
* Sethophormis aurelia
284
10
271
3
* Siphocampe arachnea
443
285
153
5
* Siphocampe lineata
374
326
40
8
* Siphonosphaera martensi
151
4
140
7
* Siphonosphaera polysiphonia
605
18
581
6
* Siphonosphaera socialis
129
4
124
1
* Solenosphaera collina
69
2
67
0
Solenosphaera tenuissima
4
0
4
0
* Spirocyrtis scalaris
606
5
598
3
Spongaster pentas
104
1
102
1
* Spongaster tetras
1457
40
1397
20
* Spongodiscus resurgens
855
177
635
43
Spongodrymus elaphococcus
1
0
1
0
* Spongoliva ellipsoides
183
23
152
8
Spongoplegma antarcticum
4
0
4
0
* Spongoplegma rugosa
20
0
17
3
* Spongopyle osculosa
1098
344
612
142
Spongosphaera sp. aff. S. helioides
4
0
4
0
* Spongosphaera streptacantha
345
13
331
1
* Spongotrochus glacialis
1975
792
1064
119
* Spongurus cylindricus
862
177
635
50
* Spongurus pylomaticus
725
210
355
160
* Spongurus sp. 1
1102
417
590
95
* Stichopilium bicorne
534
96
431
7
Stigmosphaera cruciata
2
0
2
0
Stylatractus sp. 1
1075
325
608
142
* Stylochlamydium asteriscus
501
94
392
15
* Stylochlamydium venustum
1087
482
599
6
* Stylodictya aculeata
501
159
249
93
Stylodictya aculeata-multispina
544
60
480
4
* Stylodictya multispina
1378
461
805
112
* Stylosphaera melpomene
308
0
303
5
Styptosphaera sp. 1
1
0
1
0
Styptosphaera sp. 2
1
0
1
0
Styptosphaera spongiacea
384
4
380
0
* Styptosphaera spumacea
229
114
87
28
* Tetracorethra tetracorethra
169
0
168
1
Tetraplecta corynephorum?
1
0
1
0
* Tetraplecta pinigera
722
285
435
2
Tetraplecta plectaniscus
4
0
4
0
* Thecosphaera inermis
275
2
255
18
* Theocalyptra bicornis
970
314
470
186
* Theocorys veneris
443
2
440
1
* Theocorythium trachelium
981
59
855
67
* Theopilium tricostatum
637
69
554
14
Tholospyris macropora
6
0
6
0
* Tribonosphaera centripetalis
9
0
9
0
* Tricolocampe cylindrica
99
0
97
2
* Trisulcus triacanthus
147
17
129
1
Xiphosphaera gaea
4
0
4
0
* Zygocircus productus
1384
432
951
1
  * Map of geographic distribution provided
  ** Both subspecies pooled in distributional map
  *** Lophospyris pentagona pentagona, L. p. hyperborea and L. p. quadriforis pooled in distributional map