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TABLE 1. Types of kinesis defined in lepidosaurs. Based mainly on
Schwenk (2000),
Metzger (2002) and
Evans (2008).
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Type of kinesis
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Action
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Relevant joints potentially involved
or modified
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Metakinesis
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Movement of the viscerocranium and dermatocranium relative to the braincase.
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pterygoid-basisphenoid,
parietal-supraoccipital,
squamosal-opisthotic,
epipterygoid-prootic,
epipterygoid-parietal
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Streptostyly
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Anteroposterior movements of the quadrate relative to the rest of the skull.
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quadrate-squamosal,
quadrate-pterygoid,
quadrate-supratemporal,
quadrate(quadratojugal)-jugal
quadrate-quadratojugal
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Pleurokinesis
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Mediolateral movements of the quadrate relative to the rest of the skull.
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quadrate-squamosal,
quadrate-pterygoid,
quadrate-supratemporal,
quadrate(quadratojugal)-jugal
quadrate-quadratojugal
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Mesokinesis
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Dorsoventral flexion of the skull roof (probably not possible without hypokinesis).
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frontal-parietal,
frontal-postfrontal,
postfrontal-postorbital,
frontal-postorbital,
and also other joints of the dermatocranium such as the
ectopterygoid-pterygoid
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Hypokinesis
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Dorsoventral flexion of the palate (probably not possibly without mesokinesis).
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palatine-pterygoid suture,
ectopterygoid suture,
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Amphikinesis
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Mesokinesis and metakinesis.
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As listed above for mesokinesis and metakinesis
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