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TABLE 1. Types of kinesis defined in lepidosaurs. Based mainly on
Schwenk (2000),
Metzger (2002) and
Evans (2008).
Type of kinesis
Action
Relevant joints potentially involved
Metakinesis
Movement of the viscerocranium and dermatocranium relative to the braincase.
pterygoid-basisphenoid,
parietal-supraoccipital,
squamosal-opisthotic,
epipterygoid-prootic,
epipterygoid-parietal
Streptostyly
Anteroposterior movements of the quadrate relative to the rest of the skull.
quadrate-squamosal,
quadrate-pterygoid,
quadrate-supratemporal,
quadrate(quadratojugal)-jugal
quadrate-quadratojugal
Pleurokinesis
Mediolateral movements of the quadrate relative to the rest of the skull.
quadrate-squamosal,
quadrate-pterygoid,
quadrate-supratemporal,
quadrate(quadratojugal)-jugal
quadrate-quadratojugal
Mesokinesis
Dorsoventral flexion of the skull roof (probably not possible without hypokinesis).
frontal-parietal,
frontal-postfrontal,
postfrontal-postorbital,
frontal-postorbital,
and also other joints of the dermatocranium such as the
ectopterygoid-pterygoid
Hypokinesis
Dorsoventral flexion of the palate (probably not possibly without mesokinesis).
palatine-pterygoid suture,
ectopterygoid suture,
Amphikinesis
Mesokinesis and metakinesis.
As listed above for mesokinesis and metakinesis
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