|
TABLE 4. Summary of the relationship between skull bones in Sphenodon.
|
Bone
|
Number of joints
|
Most substantial joint
|
Bones
|
|
premaxilla
|
4
|
nasal
|
premaxilla, nasal, maxilla, vomers
|
|
maxilla
|
6
|
jugal
|
premaxilla, nasal, prefrontal, palatine, ectopterygoid, jugal
|
|
septomaxilla
|
3
|
maxilla
|
premaxilla, maxilla, vomer
|
|
nasal
|
4
|
frontal
|
premaxilla, nasal, prefrontal, frontal
|
|
prefrontal
|
4
|
frontal
|
nasal, prefrontal, maxilla, palatine
|
|
frontal
|
5
|
postfrontal
|
frontal, nasal. prefrontal, postfrontal, parietal
|
|
palatine
|
6
|
maxilla or prefrontal
|
maxilla, prefrontal, vomers, pterygoid, ectopterygoid (very weak), jugal
|
|
vomers
|
4
|
palatines
|
premaxilla, vomer, palatines, pterygoid
|
|
pterygoid
|
7
|
ectopterygoid
|
vomers, palatines, quadrate, ectopterygoid, pterygoid, squamosal, braincase (basisphenoidl)
|
|
ectopterygoid
|
3
|
pterygoid
|
pterygoid, maxilla, jugal
|
|
epipterygoid
|
3
|
pterygoid
|
pterygoid, quadrate, braincase (prootic)
|
|
jugal
|
7
|
maxilla
|
maxilla, ectopterygoid, postorbital, quadratojugal, squamosal, palatine
|
|
postorbital
|
3
|
jugal
|
jugal, postfrontal, squamosal
|
|
postfrontal
|
3
|
frontal
|
parietal, frontal, postorbital
|
|
parietal
|
5
|
postfrontal
|
frontal, postorbital, squamosal, parietal, braincase (supraoccipital)
|
|
squamosal
|
7
|
quadrate
|
jugal, quadratojugal, postorbital, parietal, quadrate, pterygoid, braincase (opisthotic)
|
|
quadratojugal
|
3
|
quadrate
|
quadrate, jugal, squamosal
|
|
quadrate
|
3
|
pterygoid
|
pterygoid, quadratojugal, squamosal
|
|
braincase
|
3
|
parietal
|
parietal, pterygoid, squamosal
|
|