TABLE 4. Summary of the relationship between skull bones in Sphenodon.
 
 

Bone

Number of joints

Most substantial joint

Bones

 

premaxilla

4

nasal

premaxilla, nasal, maxilla, vomers

 

maxilla

6

jugal

premaxilla, nasal, prefrontal, palatine, ectopterygoid, jugal

 

septomaxilla

3

maxilla

premaxilla, maxilla, vomer

 

nasal

4

frontal

premaxilla, nasal, prefrontal, frontal

 

prefrontal

4

frontal

nasal, prefrontal, maxilla, palatine

 

frontal

5

postfrontal

frontal, nasal. prefrontal, postfrontal, parietal

 

palatine

6

maxilla or prefrontal

maxilla, prefrontal, vomers, pterygoid, ectopterygoid (very weak), jugal

 

vomers

4

palatines

premaxilla, vomer, palatines, pterygoid

 

pterygoid

7

ectopterygoid

vomers, palatines, quadrate, ectopterygoid, pterygoid, squamosal, braincase (basisphenoidl)

 

ectopterygoid

3

pterygoid

pterygoid, maxilla, jugal

 

epipterygoid

3

pterygoid

pterygoid, quadrate, braincase (prootic)

 

jugal

7

maxilla

maxilla, ectopterygoid, postorbital, quadratojugal, squamosal, palatine

 

postorbital

3

jugal

jugal, postfrontal, squamosal

 

postfrontal

3

frontal

parietal, frontal, postorbital

 

parietal

5

postfrontal

frontal, postorbital, squamosal, parietal, braincase (supraoccipital)

 

squamosal

7

quadrate

jugal, quadratojugal, postorbital, parietal, quadrate, pterygoid, braincase (opisthotic)

 

quadratojugal

3

quadrate

quadrate, jugal, squamosal

 

quadrate

3

pterygoid

pterygoid, quadratojugal, squamosal

 

braincase

3

parietal

parietal, pterygoid, squamosal