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Volume 27.1
January–April 2024
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ISSN: 1094-8074, web version;
1935-3952, print version
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APPENDIX 1. Absolute measures of Hadimopanella oezgueli dorsal-view sclerites from the Genestosa Member (PDF only).
APPENDIX 2. Absolute measures of Hadimopanella oezgueli dorsal-view sclerites from other published papers (PDF only).
APPENDIX 3. Dorsal relationships used in the establishment of morphotypes of Hadimopanella oezgueli from the Genestosa Member and other occurrences from published reports.
APPENDIX 4. Absolute measures of Hadimopanella oezgueli lateral-view sclerites from the Genestosa Member.
APPENDIX 5. Lateral relationships of Hadimopanella oezgueli from the Genestosa Member used for statistical analyses.
APPENDIX 6. Histogram values: (1) maximum diameters measured in dorsal view sclerites; (2) heights measured in lateral view sclerites.
FIGURE 1. (1) Geological sketch of the Iberian Peninsula showing the setting of the Cantabrian Mountains. (2) Geological setting of the study area in Tanes, Cantabrian Mountains. (3) Stratigraphic log of the lower-middle Cambrian transition in the Cantabrian Mountains.
FIGURE 2. Principal parameters measured in dorsal (1) and lateral (2) views of Hadimopanella oezgueli sclerites from the Genestosa Member. Abbreviations: largest / shortest diameter of outline sclerite (Dmax/Dmin), middle surface (d´max/d´min) and tuberculated surface (dmax/dmin); height of marginal brim (h1), middle surface (h2), and tuberculated surface (h3); slope of marginal brim (α1), middle surface (α2), and tuberculated surface (α3); radius base (r).
FIGURE 3. (1) Diameter frequency histogram (maximum diameter of outer surface, D max) of dorsal-view sclerites (n=33). (2) Height frequency histogram (from base to the tubercle tip) of lateral-view sclerites (n=36).
FIGURE 4. (1) Cluster diagram of dorsal-(1) and lateral-view (2) sclerites; morphotypes A1, A2, B1, and B2 are identified in (1), whereas no morphotypes can be recognized in (2).
FIGURE 5. (1 to 16) SEM photographs of Hadimopanella oezgueli Gedik, 1977 sclerites from the Genestosa Member, middle Caesaraugustan. (1-2) Morphotype A1; (3, 6-7, 10) Morphotype A2; (11) Morphotype B1; (9, 14-16) Morpthotype. B2. (4-5, 8, 12-13) Lateral-view of sclerites; scale bars for dorsal views equal 50 µm and for lateral views scale bars equal 100 µm (except no. 13 =50µm). Illustrated specimens are housed in the Instituto Geológico y Minero de España (IGME: MGM prefix), Spain: from MGM 1118K to MGM 1133K.
FIGURE 6. (1) Principal-coordinates diagram of dorsal-view sclerites from the Genestosa Member compared with other occurrences of Hadimopanella oezgueli Gedik, 1977 from Gondwana and Siberia. (2) Principal-coordinates diagram of lateral-view sclerites from the Genestosa Member with indication of “ Hadimopanella knappologica ”-type sclerites.
FIGURE 7. (1-3) Dorsal views of sclerites with eroded tubercles; only specimen 2 preserves its original marginal brim. Scale bars equal 50 µm (MGM 1134K to MGM 1136K).
FIGURE 8. Fig. (1) Honey-comb arrangement of chlorites on the top of a sclerite (detail of Figure 5.11) MGM 1128K. (2) Chlorites embedded in the apatite (ap) framework of a corroded sclerite (arrowed) with diagenetic crystals of pyrite (py) and chlorite (ch), MGM 1104K. (3) Complete sclerite, MGM 1137K. (4) BSE analysis of previous sclerite with chlorite arrangement marking porous and fissured areas. (5). Lateral section of sclerite showing fissure network (arrowed), MGM 1138K. (6) BSE analysis of previous sclerite with chlorites occluding the internal fissure network. Scale bars: 1-2 equal 20 µm; 3-4 equal 100 µm; 5 equals 40 µm; 6 equals 60 µm.
Tania Barragán
Centro de Astrobiología (CSIC/INTA)
Ctra. de Torrejón a Ajalvir km 4
28850 Torrejón de Ardoz
Spain
barragangt@cab.inta-csic.es
Tania Barragán is a Phd student from Centre of Astrobiology in Madrid (Spain). She graduated in Geology at the University of Salamanca in 2007.
Jorge Esteve
Centre of Biology, Earth and Environmental Sciences
University of West Bohemia at Plzeň
30619 Plzeň
Czech Republic
jorgeves@unizar.es
Jorge Esteve is Research Associate of Palaeontology (2014) at the West Bohemia University in Pilsen, Czech Republic. He graduated with a BSc (2005) and MsC (Hons) (2007) from Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Spain and PhD (2011) from Universidad de Zaragoza in Spain. He had a Young International Fellowship (2012-2013) from the Chinese Academy of Sciences to work at the Nanjing Institute of Geology and Paleontology in Nanjing, China. His main research deals with palaeobiology of Cambrian trilobites from Spain, China, Czech Republic and Morocco.
Diego C. García-Bellido
Environment Institute
School of Earth & Environmental Sciences
University of Adelaide
Adelaide, SA 5005
Australia
Diego.Garcia-Bellido@adelaide.edu.au
Diego Garcia-Bellido is an ARC Future Fellow at the University of Adelaide. He studies early animal taxonomical diversity, functional morphology and phylogenetic relationships through the record of Cambrian and Ordovician Lagerstätten. He graduated in Biology-Zoology (Univ. Complutense, Madrid 1995) and received a PhD in Biology (Univ. Complutense, Madrid 2002) for his work on the Palaeozoic Porifera from the Iberian Peninsula. His first contact with Cambrian soft-bodied fossils was in 1994 (University of Cambridge), excavating at the Burgess Shale (British Columbia) with the Royal Ontario Museum-Toronto between 1995 and 2000. He has worked at the ROM (2003-2004), the Spanish Research Council-CSIC (2005-2012) and, since 2013, at the University of Adelaide in collaboration with the South Australian Museum in excavating and studying the early Cambrian Emu Bay Shale Lagerstätte in Kangaroo Island and the Ediacara biota of the Flinders Ranges.
Samuel Zamora
Instituto Geológico y Minero de España
c/ Manuel Lasala
44 - 9º B
50006 Zaragoza
Spain
s.zamora@igme.es
Samuel Zamora is a 5-years Ramón y Cajal researcher at the Spanish Geological Survey (IGME). He is a specialist on the early evolutionary history of echinoderms. He completed his Ph.D. in 2009 at the University of Zaragoza (Spain) base on Cambrian echinoderm faunas from North Spain and he spent later two years post-Doc at the Natural History Museum (London) and one year at the Smithsonian Institution (Washington DC). He has published extensively on the morphology and a phylogenetic relationship of a broad range of Cambrian and Ordovician echinoderms and is currently researching the origins of the echinoderm body plan and the extrinsic and intrinsic factors that drove the early diversification of echinoderms.
J. Javier Álvaro
Centro de Astrobiología (CSIC/INTA)
Ctra. de Torrejón a Ajalvir km 4
28850 Torrejón de Ardoz
Spain
alvarobjj@cab.inta-csic.es
J. Javier Álvaro works on Neoproterozoic and Early Palaeozoic microbial communities, sedimentology and shelly benthic communities. He got a PhD from the University of Zaragoza (Spain) in 1994. As assistant professor in the University of Lille I (1999-2004; France), he participated in the development of the Department “Palaeozoic Palaeontology and Palaeogeography”. In Centre of Astrobiology, he is participating in several projects focused on Precambrian and Cambrian extremophile environments.
Hadimopanella oezgueli Gedik, 1977: a palaeoscolecidan sclerite useless for taxonomic purposes
Plain Language Abstract
An assemblage of phosphatic sclerites belonging to the parataxon Hadimopanella oezgueli has been sampled in the Cantabrian Mountains, northern Spain. Hadimopanella oezgueli is a button-shaped structure that formed part of Cambrian palaeoscolecidan scleritomes. Several biometric and statistical analyses have been carried out in a representative number of H. oezgueli sclerites to differentiate different morphotypes. These have been compared with other occurrences of H. oezgueli from other parts of Gondwana and the Siberia Platform. The main conclusion is that, although the isolate sclerites of H. oezgueli display distinct morphological patterns, these morphs are useless for any (bio) taxonomic diagnosis of H.oezgueli-bearing palaeoscolecidan scleritomes. Etched sclerites have recorded distinct diagenetic processes, such as occlusion of primary porosity and secondary fissures by authigenic chlorites. Their palaeoecological distribution was controlled by patchy development of epibenthic multispecies clumps on shell (both carbonate and clayey) substrates.
Resumen en Español
Hadimopanella oezgueli Gedik, 1977: un esclerito de paleoscolécido no apropiado para propósitos taxonómicos
Se describe una nueva asociación de Hadimopanella oezgueli Gedik, 1977 del Caesaraugustiense medio (Cámbrico medio) del Miembro Genestosa (Formación Oville) en la Cordillera Cantábrica, norte de España. Los escleritos se encuentran desarticulados y muestran distintos procesos diagenéticos, con cloritas autigénicas rellenando la porosidad primaria y las fisuras secundarias. La distribución de escleritos fue controlada por el desarrollo desigual de agrupaciones de múltiples especies epibentónicas en sustratos arcillosos o de carbonato. Un análisis biométrico y estadístico conjunto en vistas dorsal y lateral de los escleritos desarticulados permite la caracterización de dos morfotipos distintos. Estos se comparan con otros escleritos de la especie H. oezgueli provenientes de otros márgenes de Gondwana y de la Plataforma Siberiana, y como resultado se ha podido identificar otro morfotipo. Se pueden extraer dos conclusiones principales: (i) diferentes escleritos ventrales del mismo escleritomo engloban diferentes morfotipos de esclerito y (ii) un mismo morfotipo de esclerito se encuentra en diferentes géneros y especies. Estos resultados apoyan la idea de que las características diagnósticas que caracterizan al parataxón H. oezgueli no deberían ser utilizadas para la clasificación (bio)taxonómica de escleritomos en paleoscolécidos.
Palabras clave: análisis biométrico; parataxonomía; tafonomía; Cámbrico; Gondwana
Traducción: Enrique Peñalver
Résumé en Français
Hadimopanella oezgueli Gedik, 1977: une sclérite paléoscolécidien taxonomiquement inutile
Un nouvel assemblage de Hadimopanella oezgueli Gedik 1977 est décrit à partir du membre Genestosa (Formation Oville) du Caesaraugustien moyen (Cambrien moyen), dans les montagnes Cantabriques, au nord de l'Espagne. Les sclérites se produisent désarticulées et exposent des processus diagénétiques distincts, avec des chlorites authigènes en occlusion de porosité primaire et de fissures secondaires. La distribution sclérite était contrôlé par le développement inégal des touffes épibenthiques multispécifiques sur les coquilles substrats (à la fois de carbonate et argileux). Une analyse conjointe biométrique et statistique, à la fois en vue dorsale et latérale des sclérites désarticulés, permet la caractérisation de deux morphotypes distincts. Ces résultats sont comparés avec d'autres occurrences de sclérites de H. oezgueli, provenant d'autres marges de Gondwana et de la plate-forme sibérienne, à la suite de laquelle, un autre morphotype est identifié. Deux principales conclusions peuvent être tirées: (i) différents sclérites à face de tronc ventrale d'un même scléritome comprennent différents morphotypes de sclérite et (ii) un morphotype de sclérite distinct se produit dans différents genres et espèces. Ces résultats soulignent l'idée que les traits diagnostic qui caractérisent le parataxon H. oezgueli ne doit pas être utilisé pour la classification (bio) taxonomique de scléritomes paléoscolécidien.
Mots-clés: analyse biométrique; parataxonomie; taphonomie; Cambrien; Gondwana
Translator: Kenny J. Travouillon
Deutsche Zusammenfassung
Hadimopanella oezgueli Gedik, 1977: ein paläoscolecider Sklerit, unbrauchbar für taxonomische Zwecke
Es wird eine neue Assemblage von Hadimopanella oezgueli Gedik, 1977 aus dem mittleren Teil des Ceasaraugustianums (mittleres Kambrium) des Genestosa Members (Oville Formation) aus dem kantabrischen Gebirge, nördliches Spanien beschrieben. Sklerite treten disartikuliert auf und zeigen einen bestimmten diagenetischen Prozess mit authigenen Chloriten die primäre Porosität und sekundäre Fissuren okkludieren. Die Skelritenverteilung wurde durch ungleichmäßige Bildung von epibenthischen Klumpen mehrere Arten auf Schalensubstraten (sowohl Karbonat als auch Ton) kontrolliert. Eine biometrische und statistische Analyse sowohl der dorsalen als auch der lateralen Ansicht der disartikulierten Sklerite ergab die Unterscheidung von zwei abgegrenzten Morphotypen. Diese wurden mit anderen Vorkommen von Skleriten von H. oezgueli von anderen Rändern der Gondwanischen und Siberischen Plattform verglichen und als Resultat wurde ein weiterer Morphotyp identifiziert. Es können zwei Hauptrückschlüsse gezogen werden: (i) verschiedene körperseitige Sklerite desselben Skleritoms bestehen aus verschiedenen Skleriten-Morphotypen und (ii) ein bestimmter Skleriten-Morphotyp tritt bei verschiedenen Gattungen und Arten auf. Diese Ergebnisse unterstreichen die Idee, dass die diagnostischen Kennzeichen welche das Parataxon H. oezgueli kennzeichnen, nicht zur (bio)taxonomischen Klassifizierung paläoscolecider Skleritome benutzt werden sollten.
SCHLÜSSELWÖRTER: biometrische Analyse; Parataxonomie; Taphonomie; Kambrium; Gondwana
Translator: Eva Gebauer
Arabic
Translator: Ashraf M.T. Elewa
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Review: The Princeton Field Guide to Mesozoic Sea Reptiles
The Princeton Field Guide to Mesozoic Sea Reptiles
Article number: 26.1.1R
April 2023 -