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Volume 27.1
January–April 2024
Full table of contents
ISSN: 1094-8074, web version;
1935-3952, print version
Recent Research Articles
See all articles in 27.1 January-April 2024
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Yoshihiro Tanaka. Osaka Museum of Natural History, Nagai Park 1-23, Higashi-Sumiyoshi-ku, Osaka, 546-0034, Japan tanaka@mus-nh.city.osaka.jp and Division of Academic Resources and Specimens, Hokkaido University Museum, Kita 10, Nishi 8, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0810 Japan and Numata Fossil Museum, 2-7-49, 1 Minami, Numata Town, Hokkaido, 078-2202 Japan
Yoshi Tanaka is a curator at Osaka Museum of Natural History, Japan and also a researcher at Hokkaido University Museum. He works on the morphology and phylogeny of marine mammals (dolphins, porpoises, whales and walruses) from Japan, Ecuador and New Zealand. This paper is a part of his research project of an ancient bay in Osaka.
Hiroyuki Taruno. Osaka Museum of Natural History, Nagai Park 1-23, Higashi-Sumiyoshi-ku, Osaka, 546-0034, Japan hiroyukitaruno@gmail.com
Hiroyuki Taruno is a former curator and currently a researcher of Osaka Museum of Natural History, Japan. He has researched on local geology, vertebrate paleontology and osteology for half a century. His long-term research activities have expanded his interests on taxonomy, paleogeography and evolution of elephants, deers, carnivoras and crocodiles from the Pliocene to Holocene.
FIGURE 1. Locality maps and a stratigraphic section at the locality. 2, restoration of the Kawachi Bay following Osaka City Cultural Properties Association (2008). 3, the columnar section at OMNH-QV4816 locality, which was modified from a boring survey report in 1965.
FIGURE 2. Skull, OMNH-QV4816 in dorsal view. 1, Restoration of the skull based on a photo, which was taken just before specimen was damaged by pulling up from the locality. 2, Line art was made from the photo. The outline of the skull is anteroposteriorly extended at the level of the antorbital process (arrow), result of a slide between the lose frontal and maxilla.
FIGURE 3. Maxilla, premaxilla and vomer, OMNH-QV4816. 1, left anterior part of maxilla and premaxilla. 2, left middle part of maxilla. 3, left preorbital region of maxilla. 4, right anterior part of maxilla. 5, right preorbital region of maxilla. 1-5, in dorsal view. 6, right anterior part of maxilla. 7, right preorbital region of maxilla. 8, left anterior part of maxilla and premaxilla. 9, left middle part of maxilla. 10, left preorbital region of maxilla. 6-10, in ventral view. 11 to 13, vomer. 11, in dorsal view. 12, in left lateral view. 13, in posterior view.
FIGURE 4. Frontals, OMNH-QV4816. 1, left in dorsal view. 2 and 3, right in dorsal view. 2, line art. 3, photo. 4 and 5, right in ventral view. 4, photo. 5, line art. 6. right in ventral view. 7 and 8, in right lateral view. 7, photo. 8, line art.
FIGURE 5. Posterior part of skull, OMNH-QV4816 in dorsal view. Top, photo. Bottom, line art.
FIGURE 6. Posterior part of skull, OMNH-QV4816 in ventral view. Top, photo. Bottom, line art.
FIGURE 7. Posterior part of skull, OMNH-QV4816 in anterior view. Top, photo. Bottom, line art.
FIGURE 8. Posterior part of skull, OMNH-QV4816 in posterior view. Top, photo. Bottom, line art.
FIGURE 9. Posterior part of skull, OMNH-QV4816 in right lateral view. Top, photo. Bottom, line art.
FIGURE 10. Map showing records of Balaenoptera edeni and B. brydei. 1, around Japan. 2, in the Seto Inland Sea including the Osaka Bay. See Table 2.
TABLE 1. Measurements in mm of OMNH-QV4816 skull and periotic. For skull and mandible, distances are either horizontal or vertical.
Skull | Measure (mm) |
Preserved length of skull | 537 |
Bizygomatic width | 1170 |
Bicondylar width | 195 |
Preserved frontal length | 352 |
Preserved frontal width | 565 |
Posterior process of periotic maximum mediolateral length | 226 |
Posterior process of periotic maximum anteroposterior length | 26 |
TABLE 2. Records of Balaenoptera edeni and B. brydei with molecular data and/or morphological specimens around Japan, and in the Seto Inland Sea including the Osaka Bay. These data are taken from Marine Mammal Stranding Database of the National Museum of Nature and Science (www.kahaku.go.jp/research/db/zoology/marmam/drift/index.php) and IDs in this table are the ones in the database.
Identification | Age or date | Locality | Specimen | Reference | ID and specimen number | |
1 | B. edeni | 8000 to 4400 years before | Osaka City | Fossil skull | This study | OMNH-QV4816 |
2 | B. edeni | 11 Nov 1995 | Shimotsu Port, Wakayama City, Wakayama Prefecture | Skeleton | Oishi et al 2009 | 1794, WMNH 1998-ver-3 |
3 | B. edeni | 22 Oct 2001 | 3.6 km southwest to Inge Island, Awaji City, Hyogo Prefecture | DNA sample | 3006 | |
4 | B. edeni | 27 Aug 1978 | 8 km off Aki Town, Ooita Prefecture | Skull at Kisuki City Museum | 498 | |
5 | B. edeni | 17 Jan 2007 | Hitachinaka Port, Hitachinaka City, Ibaraki Prefecture | DNA sample | 5253 | |
6 | B. edeni | 12 May 1994 | Imouto Island OgasawaraVillage, Tokyo | DNA sample | 1678 | |
7 | B. edeni | 21 Jun 2000 | Off Daio Cape, Shima City, Mie Prefecture | DNA sample | 2638 | |
8 | B. edeni | 27 Dec 2002 | Fukumitsu, Ooda City, Shimane Prefecture | DNA sample, Skeleton at Shimane AQUAS Aquarium | 3455 | |
9 | B. edeni | 20 Aug 1998 | Tsunoshima, Shimonoseki City, Yamaguchi Prefecture | DNA sample | 2235 | |
10 | B. edeni | 8 Nov 1994 | Nase, Kitaura Town, Miyazaki Prefecture | Skeleton at Kitaura Town | 1707 | |
11 | B. edeni | 31 Jan 2002 | Fukue Island, Gotou City, Nagasaki Prefecture | DNA sample | 3107 | |
12 | B. edeni | 7 Jun 2006 | Takado Beach, Amakusa City, Kumamoto Prefecture | Skull at Kumamoto City Museum | 5068 | |
13 | B. edeni | 24 May 2004 | Marushima Port, Minamata City, Kumamoto Prefecture | DNA, Skeleton | 4128, NSMT-M 33622 | |
1 | B. brydei | 5 Oct 2002 | Natori City, Miyagi Prefecture | DNA sample, Skeleton | 3392, NSMT-M33072 | |
2 | B. brydei | 15 May 2007 | Nakasode, Sodegaura City, Chiba Prefecture | DNA sample, Skeleton | 5400 | |
3 | B. brydei | 1953 | No record | Skeleton | NSMT-M03538 |
TABLE 3. Measurements in mm of Balaenoptera spp. skulls, distances are either horizontal or vertical. Having high alisphenoid is a diagnositic feature for B. edeni.
Scientific name | Specimen number |
Bizygomatic width | Zygomatic process maximum height | Zygomatic process maximum length | Alisphenoid maximum height | Alisphenoid maximum length | Occipital condyle width |
B. edeni | OMNH-QV4816 | 120.0 | 24.5 | 50.0 | 6.5 | 9.0 | 24.0 |
B. edeni | NSMT-M33622 | 77.0 | 23.5 | 30.0 | 4.0 | 8.5 | 20.0 |
B. brydei | NSMT-M33072 | 86.5 | 26.5 | 30.0 | 1.0 | 5.0 | 19.0 |
B. brydei | NSMT-M03538 | 140.0 | 26.0 | 50.5 | 1.5 | 10.0 | 23.0 |
B. omurai | NSMT-M32505 | 143.5 | 37.5 | 55.5 | 1.5 | 3.0 | 20.5 |
B. omurai | NSMT-M32992 | 88.5 | 26.0 | 28.5 | 1.5 | 3.0 | 18.0 |
B. acutorostrata | NSMT-M52713 | 117.5 | 40.5 | 42.0 | 3.0 | 9.0 | 21.0 |
B. acutorostrata | NSMT-M42450 | 88.0 | 28.0 | 30.5 | 1.5 | 6.0 | 18.0 |
B. acutorostrata | OMNH M3400 | 62.0 | 24.0 | 23.0 | 1.5 | 6.5 | 15.5 |
Balaenoptera edeni skull from the Holocene (Quaternary) of Osaka City, Japan
Plain Language Abstract
Skull remains of Balaenoptera edeni from the Holocene (about 8800 to 4000 years before present; a transgressive period) of Osaka City, Japan, was previously identified as B. acutorostrata (Minke whale). Here, we describe in detail and reidentify it based on skull shape. The specimen adds a new record to the not well-known species. The specimen suggests that the modern distribution probably had already established about 8800 to 4000 years around Osaka, Japan. But, more remains of B. edeni will help to further identify their distributional history.
日本語要旨
大阪市の完新統(第四紀)から産出したBalaenoptera edeni(カツオクジラ)の頭蓋骨
大阪市の完新統(およそ8800-4000年前;海進期)の地層から産出したBalaenoptera edeni(カツオクジラ)の頭蓋骨は過去B. acutrostrata(ミンククジラ)と同定されていた。本研究はこの頭蓋骨を詳細に記載し、再同定し、この良く知られていない種の新しい記録を追加した。それによって、カツオクジラの現代の分布は8800-4000年前の大阪周辺ですでに確立されていた可能性が示唆された。さらに多くのカツオクジラが発掘されれば、彼等の分布がどのように変わってきたか明らかになるだろう。
キィワード:ニタリクジラ;Balaenoptera brydei; 翼蝶形骨;Balaenoptera acutorostrata; ミンククジラ; 縄文時代
Resumen en Español
Cráneo de Balaenoptera edeni del Holoceno (Cuaternario) de la ciudad de Osaka, Japón
Los restos del cráneo de Balaenoptera edeni del Holoceno (unos 8800 a 4000 años antes del Presente, un período de transgresión marina) de la ciudad de Osaka, Japón, habían sido identificados anteriormente como B. acutorostrata. Aquí, lo describimos en detalle y lo reidentificamos en función de su alisfenoides grande, que contacta ampliamente con el escamoso, y por presentar un rostro más amplio que B. acutorostrata. El espécimen implica un registro cronológica y geográficamente nuevo para las especies no bien conocidas. El espécimen sugiere que la distribución moderna probablemente ya se había establecido hace alrededor de 8800 a 4000 años, que fue el período de la transgresión de Jomon que creó la Bahía de Kawachi, la antigua condición de la llanura de Osaka. Más restos de B. edeni proporcionarían una mejor resolución de su historia de distribución.
Palabras clave: Ballena de Bryde; Balaenoptera brydei; Alisfenoides; Balaenoptera acutorostrata; Rorcual aliblanco; Período de Jomon
Traducción: Enrique Peñalver (Sociedad Española de Paleontología)
Résumé en Français
Un crâne de Balaenoptera edeni de l’Holocène (Quaternaire) de la ville d’Osaka, Japon
Les restes d’un crâne de Balaenoptera edeni de l’Holocène (environ 8800 à 4000 ans avant le présent ; une période de transgression) de la ville d’Osaka, Japon, avaient été précédemment identifiés comme B. acutorostrata. Dans cet article, nous le décrivons en détail et le ré-identifions comme B. edeni sur la base de la présence d’un grand alisphénoïde qui montre une zone de contact importante avec le squamosal et un plus grand rostre que B. acurostrata. Le spécimen représente une nouvelle occurrence géographique et temporelle de cette espèce mal connue. Le spécimen suggère que la distribution moderne de B. edeni était probablement déjà établie il y a environ 8800 à 4000 ans, ce qui est l’âge de la transgression Jomon créant la baie de Kawachi, à l’emplacement actuel de la plaine d’Osaka. De nouveaux restes de B. edeni fourniront une meilleure compréhension de leur histoire paléobiogéographique.
Mots-clés : rorqual de Bryde ; Balaenoptera brydei ; alisphénoïde ; Balaenoptera acutorostrata ; baleine de Minke du nord ; période Jomon
Translator: Antoine Souron
Deutsche Zusammenfassung
Ein Schädel von Balaenoptera edeni aus dem Holozän (Quartär) von Osaka, Japan
Überreste eines Schädels von Balaenoptera edeni aus dem Holozän (vor ca. 8800 bis 4000 Jahren; eine transgressive Phase) von Osaka, Japan, wurden bislang als B. acutorostrata identifiziert. Hier beschreiben wir das Stück im Detail und nehmen eine Neubeschreibung vor, da das Stück ein großes Alisphenoid aufweist, welches das Squamosum umfassend kontaktiert und das Rostrum breiter ist als bei B. acutorostrata. Das Stück ergänzt die wenig bekannte Art mit neuen chronologischen und geographischen Daten. Es legt nahe, dass die moderne Verbreitung möglicherweise schon vor 8800 bis 4000 Jahren etabliert war, in der Zeit der Jomon Transgression als die Kwachi Bucht entstand, die einstige Osaka Ebene. Weitere Funde von B. edeni werden eine bessere Kenntnis der Verbreitungsgeschichte liefern.
Schlüsselwörter: Brydewal; Balaenoptera brydei; Alisphenoid; Balaenoptera acutorostrata; Minkwal; Jomon Periode
Translator: Eva Gebauer
Arabic
Translator: Ashraf M.T. Elewa
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Review: The Princeton Field Guide to Mesozoic Sea Reptiles
The Princeton Field Guide to Mesozoic Sea Reptiles
Article number: 26.1.1R
April 2023