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Volume 27.1
January–April 2024
Full table of contents
ISSN: 1094-8074, web version;
1935-3952, print version
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FIGURE 1. Structural and sedimentological units of Iran (Nabavi, 1976).
FIGURE 2. Location of studied area.
FIGURE 3. Geological map of studied area.
FIGURE 4. 4.1: The studied series with the thicknesses and sample locations. 4.2: Upper contact with the Cenozoic Qum Formation. 4.3: Lower conctat with the Devonian-Carboniferous Ilanqareh Formation.
FIGURE 5. Proposed correlation between the international and Tethyan scales of the Permian system (according to Leven, 1967, 1975, 1981, 1992, 1997; Henderson et al., 2012; Davydov et al., 2013; and D. Vachard (unpublished data)). Abbreviations: e = early l/m = late/middle.
FIGURE 6. Foraminiferal distribution of the Ruteh Formation in Maku section (NW Iran).
FIGURE 7. Classes and families of foraminifers described in this study (classification after Vachard et al., 2010 and Hance et al., 2011).
FIGURE 8. 1-4. Eotuberitina reitlingerae Miklukho-Maklay, 1958. 1. P18-5. Murgabian. 2. P17-34. Murgabian. 3. P10-33. Murgabian. 4. P23-17. Murgabian. 5-6, 11. Deckerella sp. 5. P41-17. Latest Midian. 6. Longitudinal section. P41-11. Latest Midian. 11. Initial stage similar to Palaeotextularia, with Hemigordiellina regularis (Lipina, 1949). P41-56. Latest Midian. 7-8. Cribrogenerina sp. 1. 7. Subaxial section with Okimuraites plana (Okimura and Ishii, 1981) (B; bottom left and top right). P21-50. Murgabian. 8. Oblique section with Neodiscus milliloides Miklukho-Maklay, 1953 (bottom, left). P20-30. Murgabian. 9, 12. Cribrogenerina sp. 2. 9. Subaxial section. P52-1. Djulfian. 12. Subaxial section. P50-33. Djulfian. 10, 13. Climacammina sp. 1. 10. Subtransverse section. P52-13. Djulfian. 13. Longitudinal section. P50-35. Djulfian. 14-15. Climacammina sp. 2. 14. Subaxial section. P34-36. Midian. 15. Oblique section. P34-17. Midian. 16. Labioglobivalvulina cf. baudi Gaillot and Vachard, 2007. Subaxial section. P3-40. Murgabian. 17, 19. Globivalvulina bulloides (Brady, 1876). 17. Axial section. P1-3. Murgabian. 19. Axial section (top left) with G. graeca (bottom). P2-2. Murgabian. 18, 20. Globivalvulina ex gr. bulloides (Brady, 1876). 18. Axial section. P1-20. Murgabian. 20. Transverse section. P1-27. Murgabian. 21-22. Globivalvulina cyprica Reichel, 1946. 21. Axial section. P17-31. Murgabian. 22. Transverse section. P17-16. Murgabian. 19, 23-26. Globivalvulina graeca Reichel, 1946. 19. Axial section (bottom) with G. bulloides (top left). P2-2. Murgabian. 23. Axial section. P17-11. Murgabian. 24. Transverse section. P22. Murgabian. 25. Transverse section. P17-29. Murgabian. 26. Transverse section. P6-38. Murgabian.
FIGURE 9. 1-2. Earlandia ex gr. elegans (Rauzer-Chernousova and Reitlinger in Rauzer-Chernousova and Fursenko, 1937). 1. Longitudinal section (top left) with Geinitzina sp. (top left) and Hemigordiellina regularis (Lipina, 1949) (bottom and top, left). P17-11. Murgabian. 2. Longitudinal section. P17-13. Murgabian. 1, 4. Earlandia ex gr. minor (Rauzer-Chernousova, 1948). 1. Oblique section (bottom left). P17-11. Murgabian. 4. Longitudinal section. P31-30. Murgabian. 3. Endothyra ? sp. Axial section. P8-5. Murgabian. 5. Endothyra cf. miassica Malakhova, 1965. Transverse section (top, left) with Globivalvulina graeca Reichel, 1946 (top right) and Nankinella ex gr. minor Sheng, 1955 (bottom left). P10-64. Murgabian. 6. Neoendothyra sp.. Axial section. P25-1. Murgabian. 7, 11-14. Globivalvulina graeca Reichel, 1946. 7. Subaxial section. P1-18. Murgabian. 11. Subaxial section. P1-29. Murgabian. 12. Subtransverse section. P1-14. Murgabian. 13. Subaxial section with 3 specimens of Hemigordiellina regularis (Lipina, 1949). P6-6. Murgabian. 14. Axial section. P16-41. Murgabian. 8. Septoglobivalvulina distensa (Wang in Zhao et al., 1981). Two sections. P5-2. Murgabian. 9. Globivalvulina ex gr. bulloides (Brady, 1876). Axial section. P1-15. Murgabian. 10. Paraglobivalvulina cf. mira Reitlinger, 1965. Axial section. P25-24. Murgabian. 15-17. Globivalvulina vonderschmitti Reichel, 1946. 15. Transverse section with Globivalvulina bulloides. P34-35. Midian. 16. Transverse section with a Nankinella ? sp. (top right). P11-8. Murgabian. 17. Subaxial section with Globivalvulina ex gr. bulloides (top left); transitional taxon to Paradagmarita (top, centre) and Labioglobivalvulina cf. baudi (top right). P22-9. Murgabian.
FIGURE 10. 1?, 2, 3?, 4, 5?, 6, 15, 18?. Globivalvulina cyprica Reichel, 1946. 1. Subtransverse section. P23. Murgabian. 2. Axial section. P22-34. Murgabian 3. Transverse section. P3-20. Murgabian. 4. Transverse section. P3-3. Murgabian. 5. Subtransverse section. P2-17. Murgabian. 6. Transverse section. P25-14. Murgabian. 15. Subtransverse section with Hemigordiellina sp. (top, right). P3. Murgabian. 18? Transverse section. P14-35. Murgabian. 7, 12. Globivalvulina ex gr. bulloides (Brady, 1876). 7. Axial section. P32-31. Midian. 12. Axial section. P1-7. Murgabian. 8-10. Globivalvulina graeca Reichel, 1946. 8. Transverse section. P16-23. Murgabian. 9. Transverse section. P16-34. Murgabian. 10. Axial section. P7-6. Murgabian. 11, 24. Paraglobivalvulina mira Reitlinger, 1965. 11. Axial section. Detail of a well preserved juvenarium surrounded by the fragments of the broken last chamber. P50-18. Djulfian. 24. Broken axial? section. P50-29. Djulfian. 13-14, 22. Globivalvulina vonderschmitti Reichel, 1946. 13. Axial section. P10-53. Murgabian. 14. Axial section. P20-31. Murgabian. 21. Transverse section. P34-19. Midian. 14. Septoglobivalvulina distensa (Wang in Zhao et al., 1981). Transverse section. P22. Murgabian. 16. Rectoseptellina aff. nitida (Lin, Li and Sun, 1990). Axial section. P54-18. Djulfian. 17. Paradagmarita ? sp. Oblique subaxial section. P50-10. Djulfian. 19-21. Globivalvulina ? sp. (Transitional from Globivalvulina to Paradagmarita). 19. Oblique section showing a last triangular chamber. P22. Murgabian. 20. Subaxial section. P22. Murgabian. 21. Subaxial section. P22. Murgabian. 23. Charliella ? sp. 1. Subtransverse section. P16-40. Murgabian.
FIGURE 11. 1-2, 5. Sphaerulina sp. 1. 1. Subtransverse section. P2. Murgabian. 2. Axial section. P11-21. Murgabian 5. Axial section. P11-30. Murgabian. 3-4. Globivalvulina graeca Reichel, 1946. 3. Subaxial section (right) with Globivalvulina bulloides (left). P1-6. Murgabian. 4. Transverse section (bottom right) and subaxial section (top left). P22. Murgabian. 6-7, 10-11. Sphaerulina cf. zisongzhengensis Sheng, 1963. 6. Subaxial section. P11-21. Murgabian 7. Subtransverse section. P11-4. Murgabian. 10. Subtransverse section. P11-19. Murgabian 11. Subtransverse section. P1-25. Murgabian. 8. Nankinella sp. 2. Subaxial section with different stages of neosparitization. P6-61. Murgabian. 9. Sphaerulina sp. 3. Transverse section entirely microsparitized. P27-51. Murgabian.
FIGURE 12. 1-6. Dagmarita aff. elegans Sosnina in Sosnina and Nikitina, 1977. 1. Axial section. P14-37. Murgabian. 2. Oblique section. P18-6. Murgabian. 3. Oblique section. P25-7. Murgabian. 4. Oblique section. P10-61. Murgabian. 5. Axial section. P2. Murgabian. 6. Subaxial section. P6-60. Murgabian. 7-8. Dagmarita ? sharezaensis Mohtat-Aghai and Vachard, 2003. 7. Subaxial section. P40-56. Midian. 8. Axial section. P40-28. Late Midian. 9. Dagmarita altilis Wang in Zhao et al., 1981. Axial section. P41-78. Latest Midian. 10-11, 12?. Sphaerulina sp. 1. 10. Transverse section. P18-20. Murgabian. 11. Subtransverse section. P14-54. Murgabian. 12. Subaxial section with developed chomata. P14-3. Murgabian. 13-15. Sphaerulina cf. zisongzhengensis Sheng, 1963. 13. Subtransverse section. P32-1. Midian. 14. Detail of a transverse section showing the typical recrystallization of the wall. P32-20. Midian 15. Subaxial section. P11-8. Murgabian. 16-17, 18? Sphaerulina sp. 3. 16. Subtransverse section. P1-26. Murgabian. 17. Subaxial section. P6-47. Midian. 18? Oblique section. P16-52. Murgabian.
FIGURE 13. 1-4. Nankinella ex gr. minor Sheng, 1955.1. Subtransverse section. P10-6. Murgabian. 2. Oblique tranverse. P19-13. Murgabian. 3. Subaxial section. P17-34. Murgabian. 4. Subaxial section. P17-29. Murgabian. 5?-6, 8. Nankinella sp. 2. 5. Transverse oblique recrystallized section. P23-17. Murgabian. 6. Completely microsparitized section. P34-1. Midian. 8. Partially recrystallized axial section. P17-6. Murgabian. 7. Nankinella sp. 3. Axial section. P6-1. Murgabian. 9-12. Grovesella ? ciryi Ebrahim Nejad and Vachard n. sp. 9. Paratype. Subaxial section. P17-30. Murgabian. 10. Holotype. Axial section. P10-8. Murgabian. 11. Paratype. Subaxial section. P22-11. Murgabian. 12. Paratype. Subaxial section with very enveloping last whorl. P34-16. Midian. 13-16. Grovesella sp. 13. Small axial section. P1-21. Murgabian. 14. Axial section. P14-24. Murgabian. 15. Subaxial section. P14-8. Murgabian. 16. Transverse section. P6-24. Murgabian. 7-22. Schubertella sp. 17. Transverse section. P22-19. Murgabian. 18. Axial section. P14-14. Murgabian. 19. Axial section. P2. Murgabian. 20. Axial section. P14-41. Murgabian. 21. Axial section. P2-21. Murgabian. 22. Axial section. P3-29. Murgabian. 23. Dunbarula aff. pusilla Skinner, 1969. Subaxial section. P30-12. Earliest Midian. 24. Chusenella sp. Subaxial section showing the septal folding. P41-54. Latest Midian.
FIGURE 14. 1-2, 6, 8. Chusenella spp. 1. Subaxial section. P34-22. Midian. 2. Detail of the keriotheca. P41-25. Latest Midian. 6. Oblique section with the axial filling. P40-1. Latest Midian. 8. Oblique section with septal folding and axial filling. P40-60. Latest Midian. 3, 5, 7, 9. Neoschwagerina simplex Ozawa, 1927 emend. Sheng, 1963. 3. Subaxial section showing the parachomata and the transverse septula of first order. P21-51. Murgabian. 5. Fragment of transverse section showing the wall microstructure and the absence or rarity of axial septula. P3. Murgabian. 7. Oblique section. P3-13. Murgabian. 9. Oblique transverse section. P3-35. Murgabian. 4, 6. Sumatrina annae Volz, 1904. 4. Subaxial section. P30-56. Earliest Midian. 6. Axial section of a young specimen. P30-54. Earliest Midian.
FIGURE 15. 1-2, 5, 7? Pseudovermiporella sodalica Elliott, 1958. 1. Typical specimen. P22. Murgabian. 2. Typical thick wall. P8-42. Murgabian. 7? Thick-walled specimen with the proloculus (centre, right). P27-7. Murgabian. 3-4, 6, 8-10, 13-14. Pseudovermiporella nipponica (Endo in Endo and Kanuma, 1954). 3. Longitudinal to tangential section. P22. Murgabian. 4. Juvenarium with the proloculus. P27-42. Murgabian. 8. Group of tubules. P27-37. Murgabian. 9. Two transverse sections. P16-42. Murgabian. 10. Longitudinal section. P22. Murgabian. 13. A juvenarium (centre) and various adult sections. P6. Early Murghabian. 14. Longitudinal section (centre) with Labioglobivalvulina cf. baudi (bottom right). P17-28. Murgabian. 11-12. Pseudovermiporella longipora (Praturlon, 1963). 11. Detail of the wall. P17-30. Murgabian. 12. Longitudinal section with Eotuberitina reitlingerae (Figure 8.2). P17-14. Murgabian.
FIGURE 16. 1-2, 3?, 4?, 5?, 6?, 19? Okimuraites plana (Okimura and Ishii, 1981). 1 Two typical specimens (left and right) with Hemigordiellina ? sp. (centre). P39-50. Midian. 2. Two axial sections (top) with Hemigordiellina regularis (bottom). P31-12. Murgabian. 3? Subaxial section (right) with Syzrania n. sp.? (left). P32-7. Midian. 4? Subaxial section. P32-22. Midian. 5? Subaxial section. P30-4. Midian. 6? Axial section. P18-13. Murgabian. 19? Transverse section. P27-18. Murgabian. 7-13. Hemigordiellina regularis (Lipina, 1949). Seven random sections. 7. P6-23. Murgabian. 8. P6-11. Murgabian. 9. P8-44. Murgabian. 10. P10-3. Murgabian. 11. P21-35. Murgabian. 12. P22-7. Murgabian. 13. P41-26. Midian. 14-17. Hemigordiellina ? sp. 2. 14. Oblique section. P34-7. Midian. 15. Axial section. P32-33. Midian. 16. Oblique section. P32-33. Midian. 17. Subaxial section. P10-31. Murgabian. 18. Agathammina parvula (Lin, 1978). Three longitudinal sections. 18. P21-36. Murgabian. 20-21. Agathammina cf. rosella Pronina, 1988b. 20. P8-47. Murgabian. 21. P27-3. Murgabian. 22-25. Agathammina cf. subfusiformis Okimura and Ishii, 1981. Four subaxial sections. 22. P41-74. Latest Midian. 23. P41-8. Latest Midian. 24. P38-7. Midian. 25. P39-36. Midian. 26-27. Agathammina pusilla (Geinitz in Geinitz and Gutbier, 1848) emend. Wolanska, 1959. Two axial sections. 26. P41-47. Midian. 27. P34-33. Midian.
FIGURE 17. 1. Hemigordiellina ? sp. 3. Axial section. P31-17. Midian. 2-3, 21. Hemigordiellina ? pulchrissima Ebrahim Nejad and Vachard n. sp. Three axial sections. Midian. 2. Paratype. P39-23. 3. Paratype. P39-57. 21. Holotype. P39-45. 4, 6?, 7-11, 20? Glomomidiella nestellorum Vachard, Rettori, Angiolini and Checconi, 2008. 4. Axial section transitional to Neodiscus. P30-19. Midian. 6. Transverse section showing the pseudosepta. P30-20. Earliest Midian. 7-11. Various sections (7. P30-11; 8. P30-3; 9. P30-13; 10. P30-3; 11. P30-5). 20. P30-10. Midian. 16-17. Glomomidiella cf. gigantea (Lin, 1984). 16. P37-25. Murgabian. 17. P31-14. Midian. 5. Agathammina cf. subfusiformis Okimura and Ishii, 1981. Longitudinal section. P39-53. Midian. 12-13, 19. Neodiscus milliloides Miklukho-Maklay, 1953. Four axial sections. 12. P38-24. Midian. 13. P37-13. Midian. 19. P21-9. Murgabian. 14-15, 18. Glomomidiella ? cf. specialisaeformis (Lin, Li and Sun, 1990). 14. P39-38. Midian. 15. P47-24. Djulfian.18. P47. Djulfian. 22. P47-12. Djulfian. 22-24. Glomomidiella cf. problema (Lin, 1978). 22. Two specimens. P47-24. 23. P40-13. Late Midian. 24. P44-20. Djulfian.
FIGURE 18. 1. Hemigordiellina ? pulchrissima Ebrahim Nejad and Vachard n. sp. Paratype (top) with Okimuraites plana (Okimura and Ishii, 1981) (bottom). P39-71. Midian. 2-4. Glomomidiella cf. problema (Lin, 1978). 2. P9-50. Murgabian. 3. with Hemigordiellina ? sp. (bottom) P9-38. Murgabian. 4. P34 32. Midian. 5. Glomomidiella ? sp. 5. P44-26. Djulfian. 6. Neodiscus milliloides Miklukho-Maklay, 1953. P9-18. Murgabian. 7, 15-16. Crassiglomella cf. guangxiensis (Lin, 1978) emend. Gaillot and Vachard, 2007. 7. P10-1. Murgabian. 15. P16- 44. Murgabian. 16. P41-45. Latest Midian. 8-10, 12. Glomomidiella cf. problema (Lin, 1978). 8. P7-22. Murgabian. 9. P16 39. Murgabian. 10. P10-15. Murgabian. 12. P10-24. Murgabian. 11, 13-14, 17-18. Glomomidiella cf. gigantea (Lin, 1984). 11. P37-22. Midian. 13. P31-3. Midian. 14. P30-10. Earliest Midian. 17. P44-24. Djulfian. 18. P37-23. Midian.
FIGURE 19. 1-3. Syzrania n. sp.? 1. P32-14. Midian. 3. With Globivalvulina and Hemigordiellina. P32-31. Midian. 4-5. Rectostipulina quadrata Jenny-Deshusses, 1985. 4. P50-35. Djulfian. 5. P47-6. Djulfian. 6. Protonodosaria cf. sagitta (Miklukho-Maklay, 1954). P9-11. Murgabian. 7-10, 29. Nodosinelloides spp. 7. P25-15. Murgabian. 8. P34-40. Midian. 9. P1-23. Murgabian. 10. P51-19. Djulfian. 29. P41-25. Latest Midian. 11. Langella perforata (Lange, 1925). Axial section. P56-9. Djulfian. 12, 19-22, 27, 31. Geinitzina sp. 12. P39-9. Midian. 19. P1-23. Murgabian. 20. P6-9. Murgabian. 21. P20-8. Murgabian. 22. P27-50. Murgabian. 27. P50-31. Djulfian. 31. P54-22. Djulfian. 13, 26. Pachyphloia ex gr. ovata Lange, 1925. 13. Frontal axial section. P54-5. Djulfian. 26. Sagittal axial section. P10-21. Murgabian. 14, 28. Pseudotristix sp. 14. Axial section. P41-24. Latest Midian. 28. subtransverse section with Hemigordiellina regularis. P47-43. Early Djulfian. 15. Pseudolangella ? sp. Oblique section. P8-51. Murgabian. 16. Lingulina cf. imaginaria Pronina, 1999. P3. Early Murgabian. 17. Pachyphloia cf. iranica Bozorgnia, 1973. P41-46. Latest Midian. 18. Pseudolangella sp. P9-46. Murgabian. 23-24, 30, 32-33. Frondicularia sp. 23. P8-18. Murgabian. 24. P9-23. Murgabian. 30. P50-32. Djulfian. 32. P41-34. Latest Midian. 33. P39-52. Midian. 25. Colaniella aff. minuta Okimura, 1988. P41-37. Djulfian. 34. Robuloides lens Reichel, 1946. Axial section. P50-15. Djulfian. 35, 39-41, 43. Frondina permica Sellier de Civrieux and Dessauvagie, 1965. 35. P54-25. Djulfian. 39. P37-19. Midian. 40. P49-5. Djulfian. 41. P49-8. Djulfian. 43. P50-23. Djulfian. 36-38. Ichthyofrondina palmata (Wang, 1974). 36. P34-25. Midian. 37. P34-34. Midian. 38. P34-41. Midian. 42. P49-14. Djulfian.
FIGURE 20. Attempt of palaeogeographical correlations between the terranes separated by the Tethys ocean during the Permian (after Vachard, 1980; 1996; Vachard and Montenat, 1981, 1996; and D. Vachard (unpublished data)).
FIGURE 21. Proposed palaeomap of the Tethyan regions from western Europe to central Asia (according to Théry et al., 2007 modified; and D. Vachard (unpublished data)).
Mobin Ebrahim Nejad
Young Researchers and Elite Club, Tabriz Branch
Islamic Azad University,Tabriz
Iran
ebrahimnezhad_2008@yahoo.com
Mobin Ebrahim Nejad is 29 years old. He obtained his B.S. degree in geology at the Azad University of Tabriz (Iran) in 2009 and M.S. degree in stratigraphy and palaeontology at the University of Urmia (Iran) in 2013. He studied stratigraphy, palaeontology, microfacies, sedimentary environments and magnetic susceptibility of the Palaeozoic, Mesozoic and Cenozoic sequences (especially, in Permian, Cretaceous and Oligo-Miocene deposits) in Azerbaijan (Iran). His MS thesis was focused on biostratigraphy, microfacies and magnetic susceptibility of the Ruteh Formation (Permian) in the Maku area (Azerbaijan). He works currently in fields of micropalaeontology, biostratigraphy, palaeoecology and palaeobiogeography from Late Palaeozoic to Triassic. He has 17 conference papers and one ISC paper in Persian. He is currently a member of the Young Researchers and Elite Club, in Tabriz.
Daniel Vachard
Université Lille 1
UMR 8217 Géosystèmes
SN5, 59655 Villeneuve
d'Ascq Cédex
France Daniel.Vachard@univ-lille1.fr
Daniel Vachard is 66 years old. He benefits from an exceptional maintaining in activity at the CNRS (French Scientific Investigation Center) and University Lille 1 (northern France). His topics are the micropalaeontology of the smaller foraminifers, fusulinids and calcareous algae, and their biostratigraphy, palaeoecology and palaeobiogeography. He has largely contributed to the Givetian to Triassic stratigraphy, and especially the Carboniferous and Permian stratigraphy, in France, Belgium, Spain, Morocco, Libya, Tunisia, Oman, Saudi Arabia, Greece, Austria, Turkey, Iran, Afghanistan, Thailand, Malaysia, Indonesia, South China, Australia, Mexico and Guatemala. Forty years ago, he wrote his Ph.D. on the Carboniferous and Permian of Afghanistan and Iran. He was fascinated by these countries and their cultures. He continues working in Iran with some young colleagues and students.
Asghar Siabeghodsy
Academic Member at Department of Geology
Faculty of Science
University of Urmia
Iran
a.siabeghodsy@urmia.ac.ir
Ali Asghar Siabeghodsi is 44 years old. He is an academic member at University of Urmia (northern Iran). His topics are the micropalaeontology and sequence stratigraphy. He has largely contributed to the Pre-Cambrian to Triassic stratigraphy (and especially, Carboniferous and Permian) of Iran.
Syrus Abbasi
Islamic Azad
University of Science and Research of Tehran
Geological Survey of Iran,
Tabriz
Iran
branch syrus_abbasi@yahoo.com
Syrus Abbasi is 42 years old. His bachelor study was in Tabriz University in Iran and Master of Science in North Branch Tehran Azad University and his thesis was on the “Vertebrate fossils in Maragheh Bone Beds” in South East of Tabriz. He is a field geologist preparing geological maps (scales: 1:100000, 1:25000) in the Geological Survey of Iran, Tabriz branch. He published the Maku, Ali Haji, Razi and contributed in Zenogan geological maps (scale: 1:100000) and Maku (1), Maku (2), Kharvana and Kabod Gonbad geological maps (scale: 1:25000). He presented 22 articles in conferences and journals. He is currently a Ph.D. student in Islamic Azad University of Science and Research of Tehran.
Middle-Late Permian (Murgabian-Djulfian) foraminifers of the northern Maku area (western Azerbaijan, Iran)
Plain Language Abstract
In a rock succession located in Maku, near the triple borders between Northwest Iran and Turkey, Armenia and the Republic of Azerbaijan, the foraminifers were not yet studied. The foraminifer is a microscopic animal similar to an amoeba protected by a calcareous shell, similar to that of minute ammonites or modern nautiles. Due to the rapid evolution of these foraminifers, three successive periods of the geological times could be identified in this succession. These periods have a name derived from the locality where they were defined. Therefore, we found successively the Murgabian, Midian and Djulfian intervals of times (gathered together in a long period of the Earth history, called the Permian). Other names exist for these epochs: Roadian, Wordian, Capitanian, Abadehian, Wuchiapingian or Dorashamian. According to the most recent chronometric scales, the studied series of rocks accumulated during 15 milion years (from -272 to -257 m.y., before Present), in a shallow, warm, and oxygenated sea. In a technical second part, this paper presents the systematic description of the foraminifers; i. e., a type of analysis where each foraminifer is assigned to a species, a genus, and various suprageneric hierarchical levels. At the summit of this hierarchy, the foraminifers constitute a “super-group” called a phylum (as such as all the Vertebrata, for example) divided in five or six classes. During the Permian, there are smaller and larger foraminifers. The larger foraminifers (Fusulinida) evolve more quickly and therefore are more interesting as time-proxies; unfortunately, they are rare in our series. The smaller foraminifers are often numerous in our limestones and provide some interesting data for analyzing the series; they belong to three classes: Fusulinata (whose Fusulinida is an order), Miliolata and Nodosariata. Two new species (in abbreviation: n. sp.) are created, Grovesella? ciryi n. sp. and Hemigordiellina? pulchrissima n. sp. Never described in specialized journals, they are introduced in this paper, following the rules of the zoological nomenclature.
Resumen en Español
Foraminíferos del Pérmico Medio-Tardío (Murgabiense-Djulfiense) del área norte de Maku (oeste de Azerbaiyán, Irán)
La sección Maku se encuentra en Azerbaiyán occidental (NW Irán), cerca de los pueblos de Adaghan y Ali Abad, en las cercanías de la ciudad de Maku, a lo largo de la carretera principal de Tabriz a Bazargan. La Formación Ruteh del Pérmico en la zona de Maku se subdivide aquí en cuatro biozonas: (1) Zona Neoschwagerina simplex (muestras P1-P21; Murgabiense temprano); (2) un intervalo no zonado que corresponde probablemente al resto del Murgabiense (muestras P22-P29); (3) Zona Sumatrina annae, Dunbarula aff. pusilla y Chusenella spp. (muestras P30-P41, P46?; Midiense); y (4) Zona Paraglobivalvulina mira, Paradagmarita? sp., Rectostipulina quadrata, Ichthyofrondina spp., Pseudotristix sp. y Colaniella aff. minuta (muestras de P47 hasta techo de la discordancia; Djulfiense = Wuchiapingiense). Las asociaciones de foraminíferos estudiadas muestran relativamente escasos tuberitínidos, paleotextuláridos, earlándidos, endotíridos y neoendotírinos. Por el contrario, los globivalvulínidos están diversificados, con los globivalvulíninos Globivalvulina, Labioglobivalvulina, Septoglobivalvulina, Retroseptellina, Charliella? y Paraglobivavulina, escasos Dagmaritinae representados por las mismas dos especies a lo largo de toda la serie, y primitivos Paradagmaritinae característicos del Djulfiense. Los Fusulinida están dominados por Staffellidea (Sphaerulina, Nankinella), mientras que los Schubertelloidea (Schubertella, Grovesella, Grovesella? y Dunbarula), Schwagerinoidea (Chusenella) y Neoschwagerinoidea (Neoschwagerina y Sumatrina) son escasos y con una presencia dispersa. Los Miliolata y Nodosariata están relativamente diversificados. Los excelentes ejemplares de Pseudovermiporella evidenciaron que definitivamente este taxón debe asignarse a Miliolata. Otros representantes de esta clase son Hemigordius, Okimuraites, Hemigordiellina, Glomomidiella, Agathammina, Neodiscus y Crassiglomella. Los Nodosariata del Pérmico Medio están representados por Syzrania, Rectostipulina, Nodosinelloides, Protonodosaria, Langella, Pseudolangella?, Lingulina, Pseudotristix, Geinitzina, Pachyphloia y escasos Robuloides, mientras que Frondina y Ichythyofrondina son numerosos en el Djulfiense. Los nuevos taxones son Grovesella? ciryi n. sp. y Hemigordiellina? pulchrissima n. sp.
Palabras clave: Pérmico Medio-Tardío; NW Irán; foraminíferos; nuevo género; nuevas especies
Traducción: Enrique Peñalver
Résumé en Français
Foraminifères du Permien Moyen-Supérieur (Murgabien-Djulfien) de la zone nord de Maku (ouest de l'Azerbaïdjan, Iran)
La coupe de Maku est située dans l'ouest de l'Azerbaidjan iranien près des villages d'Adaghan et d'Ali Abad, non loin de la ville de Maku, le long de la route principale conduisant de Tabriz à Bazargan. La formation permienne de Ruteh Formation, affleurant dans la région de Maku, est subdivisée ici en quatre biozones: (1) une zone à Neoschwagerina simplex (échantillons P1 à P21, d'âge murgabien inférieur); (2) un intervalle imprécis pouvant correspondre au reste du Murgabien (échantillons P22-P29); (3) une zone à Sumatrina annae, Dunbarula aff. pusilla et Chusenella spp. (échantillons P30-P41, P46?; Midien). (4) une zone à Paraglobivalvulina mira, Paradagmarita? sp., Rectostipulina quadrata, Ichthyofrondina spp., Pseudotristix sp. et Colaniella aff. minuta (échantillons se succédant de P47 à la discordance sommitale; Djulfien = Wuchiapingien). Les associations de foraminifères rencontrées montrent d'assez rares tuberitinidés, paléotextulariidés, earlandiidés, endothyridés et néoendothyrinés. A l'inverse, les globivalvulinidés sont diversifiés et comportent (a) les globivalvulininés Globivalvulina, Labioglobivalvulina, Septoglobivalvulina, Retroseptellina, Charliella? et Paraglobivavulina; (b) de rares dagmaritinés représentés par les deux mêmes espèces tout au long de la série; (c) des paradagmaritinés caractéristiques du Djulfien. Les Fusulinida sont dominés par des staffelloïdes (Sphaerulina et Nankinella), alors que les schubertelloïdes (Schubertella, Grovesella, Grovesella? et Dunbarula), les schwagerinoïdes (Chusenella) et les néoschwagerinoïdes (Neoschwagerina et Sumatrina) restent rares et dispersés. Les miliolates et les nodosariates sont relativement diversifiés. D'excellents spécimens de Pseudovermiporella démontrent définitivement que ce taxon se rattache aux Miliolata. Les autres représentants présents de cette classe sont Hemigordius, Okimuraites, Hemigordiellina, Glomomidiella, Agathammina, Neodiscus et Crassiglomella. Les Nodosariata du Permien moyen sont représentés par Syzrania, Rectostipulina, Nodosinelloides, Protonodosaria, Langella, Pseudolangella?, Lingulina, Pseudotristix, Geinitzina, Pachyphloia et par de rares Robuloides, tandis que les Frondina et Ichythyofrondina abondent au Djulfien. Les taxons nouveaux sont Grovesella? ciryi n. sp. et Hemigordiellina? pulchrissima n. sp.
Mots-clés: Permien Moyen-Supérieur; NW Iran; foraminifères; nouveau genre; nouvelles espèces
Translator: Authors and Kenny J. Travouillon
Deutsche Zusammenfassung
Mittel-spätpermische (Murgabium-Djulfium) Foraminiferen des nördlichen Maku Gebiets (westliches Aserbaidschan, Iran)
Die Maku-Sektion befindet sich im westlichen Aserbaidschan (Nordwest-Iran) in der Nähe der Dörfer Adaghan und Ali Abad, im Umland der Stadt Maku entlang der Hauptstraße von Täbris nach Bazargan. Die permische Ruteh-Formation des Maku-Gebiets ist hier in vier Biozonen unterteilt: (1) Neoschwagerina simplex Zone (Proben P1-P21; frühes Murgabium); (2) ein unzoniertes Intervall das möglicherweise mit dem Rest des Murgabiums korrespondiert (Proben P22-P29); (3) Sumatrina annae, Dunbarula aff. pusilla und Chusenella spp. Zone (Proben P30-P41, P46?; Midium). (4) Paraglobivalvulina mira, Paradagmarita? sp., Rectostipulina quadrata, Ichthyofrondina spp., Pseudotristix sp. und Colaniella aff. minuta Zone (Proben P47 bis zum Top der Diskordanz; Djulfium = Wuchiapingium). Die untersuchten Foraminiferen-Assemblagen zeigen relativ wenige Tuberitiniden, Palaeotextulariiden, Earlandiiden, Endothyriden und Neoendothyrininen. Umgekehrt sind die Globivalvuliniden diversifiziert mit den Globivalvulininen Globivalvulina, Labioglobivalvulina, Septoglobivalvulina, Retroseptellina, Charliella? und Paraglobivavulina; die seltenen Dagmaritinen sind die gesamte Serie über mit denselben Arten repräsentiert; und primitive Paradagmaritinen die charakteristisch für das Djulfium sind. Fusulinida warden dominiert von Staffelloiden (Sphaerulina, Nankinella), wohingegen Schubertelloiden (Schubertella, Grovesella, Grovesella? und Dunbarula), Schwagerinoiden (Chusenella) und Neoschwagerinoiden (Neoschwagerina und Sumatrina) selten und verstreut bleiben. Miliolaten und Nodosariaten sind relativ diversifiziert. Sehr gute Stücke von Pseudovermiporella haben die Zuteilung dieses Taxons zu den Miliolata bestätigt. Andere Vertreter dieser Klasse sind Hemigordius, Okimuraites, Hemigordiellina, Glomomidiella, Agathammina, Neodiscus und Crassiglomella. Die mittelpermischen Nodosariata werden von Syzrania, Rectostipulina, Nodosinelloides, Protonodosaria, Langella, Pseudolangella?, Lingulina, Pseudotristix, Geinitzina, Pachyphloia und den seltenen Robuloides repräsentiert; wohingegen Frondina und Ichythyofrondina im Djulfium zahlreich sind. Die neuen Taxa sind Grovesella? ciryi n. sp. und Hemigordiellina? pulchrissima n. sp.
Schlüsselwörter: Mittleres-Spätes Perm; Nordwest-Iran; Foraminiferen; neue Gattung; neue Art
Translator: Eva Gebauer
Arabic
Translator: Ashraf M.T. Elewa
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Review: The Princeton Field Guide to Mesozoic Sea Reptiles
The Princeton Field Guide to Mesozoic Sea Reptiles
Article number: 26.1.1R
April 2023