TAXONOMIC LISTING (1.1-3.60)

FIGURE 1.1-20.

Ammobaculites formosensis Nakamura (1937, p. 133, pl. 10, figure 1a-1b).

1.1. Side view, 25x (LD [longest dimension] = 1.12 millimeters).
1.2. Aperture view, 13.5x (LD = 1.48 millimeters).
Photographs of the hypotype (#75249) by Asano (1952) in Tohoku University collections. This species appears very similar to A. exiguus (Cushman and Brönnimann 1948) with a tight coil and narrow neck. The holotype is a good specimen and the figures are representative of specimens seen under a dissecting microscope.

Ammodiscoides japonicus Asano and Inomata (in Asano 1952, p. 3, figures 9-11).

1.3. "Dorsal" view of cone side up, 13.5x (LD = 8.1 millimeters).
1.4. Side apertural view of "ventral" side, 13.5x (LD = 8.1 millimeters). Photographs of the holotype (#75255) in Tohoku University collections. This species is not similar to any Scott has seen from North Atlantic collections and appears to be a species unique to this collection.

Anomalina nipponica Asano and Inomata (in Asano 1952, p. 17, figures 95 and 96).

1.5. Dorsal view, 45x (LD = .33 millimeters).
1.6. Ventral view, 45x (LD = .33 millimeters).
1.7. Side view, 45x (LD = .33 millimeters).
Photographs of the holotype (#75256) in the Tohoku University collections. Scott would probably place this species in Cibicides, but we leave the species name as it is; it appears to be unique to this collection.

Astrononion aomoriense Asano (1950a, p. 5, figures 27 and 28).

1.8. Side view, 13.5x (LD = .33 millimeters).
1.9. Edge view showing aperture, 13.5x (LD = .33 millimeters).
Photographs of specimen #66118 from Tohoku University collections. The slide was not designated as having a holotype, and it contained several individuals; however, it was the only slide of this species in the collection. Although it has a radial structure in the umbilical area, it is not similar to the type species of this genus. Unlike A. gallowayi (Loeblich and Tappan 1953), it has no perforations in the test.

Astrononion hamadaense Asano (1950a, p. 6, figures 29-31).

1.10. Side view, 13.5x (LD = .81 millimeters).
1.11. Edge view, 13.5x (LD = .81 millimeters).
Specimen photographed from slide #66119 in the Tohoku University collection with several specimens on it, none of which were designated as the holotype. This species is conspecific with A. gallowayi Loeblich and Tappan (1953) and thus A. hamadaense has priority. This is an example of the valid name being ignored in the European and North American literature because of a lack of knowledge of the Japanese collections.

Astrononion hanyudaense Matsunaga (1963, p. 107, pl. 35, figure 8a-8b).

1.12. Side view, 45x (LD = .53 millimeters).
1.13. Edge view showing aperture, 45x (LD = .51 millimeters).
Photographs of the holotype (#85179) in the Tohoku University collections. Scott would place this species into Melonis or Nonion under a series of names that all work themselves back to Nonion affine (Reuss 1851); Hasegawa maintains that this is an Astrononion on the basis of the extensions that appear in the umbilical area.

Bulimina honjoensis Iwasa (1955, p. 16, text figure 1a-1b).

1.14. Side view, 45x (LD = .42 millimeters).
Photograph of the holotype (#65501) in the Tohoku University collections. This is a specimen that Scott would place into Fursenkoina fusiformis (Williamson 1858); Hasegawa would place it closer to Bulimina tenuata (Cushman 1927).

Bulimina kamedaensis Matsunaga (1963, p. 111, pl. 40, figure 2a-2b).

1.15. Side view showing aperture, 13.5x (LD = 1.63 millimeters).
Photograph of the holotype (#85225) in the Tohoku University collections. The specimen appears to have an etched surface, so is difficult to identify.

Bulimina kochiensis Takayanagi (1953, p. 31, pl. 4, figure 12a-12c).

1.16. Side view showing aperture, 45x (LD = .33 millimeters).
Photograph of the holotype (#67139) in the Tohoku University collections. The specimen is badly etched, which obscures some of the critical features, but it appears similar to B. marginata d’Orbigny (1826). However, Takayanagi notes that well preserved specimens are not similar to B. marginata.

Bulimina nipponica Asano (1958, p. 6, pl. 1, figures 13-15).

1.17. Side view, 45x (LD = .62 millimeters).
Photograph of a paratype from Shiwoya-zaki (station 24) from a slide labeled 25 (#77168) in the Tohoku University collections. The holotype (Asano 1958, pl. 1, figure 14) is from station 346 in the Kii Channel. This specimen is identical to Bulimina striata d'Orbigny (1826) and should be considered a junior synonym of that species.

Bulimina nojimaensis Asano (1950b, p. 4, figures 15-16).

1.18. Side view, 13.5x (LD = 1.11 millimeters).
1.19. Slanted side view showing aperture, 13.5x (LD = 1.03 millimeters).
Photographs of specimen #66940 in the Tohoku University collections. This specimen was not labeled as the holotype.

Bulimina striata d'Orbigny notoensis Asano (1953a, p.11, pl. 2, figures 16-17).

1.20. Side view showing aperture, 45x (LD = .40 millimeters).
Photograph of the holotype labeled as #219 (#75282) in the Tohoku University collections. This species is indistinguishable from Asano's B. nipponica or from B. striata.

Buliminella hanzawai Asano (1949, p. 428, figure 1, nos. 54-55).

2.21. Side view showing aperture, 10x (LD = 1.70 millimeters).
2.22. Side view of non-apertural side, 10x (LD = 1.80 millimeters).
Photographs of holotype (#67048) in the Tohoku University collections. This species is part of the highly variable Robertinoides charlottensis (Cushman 1925). The species was shifted into the genus Robertina by Asano (1950b), but it is still the junior synonym of R. charlottensis (see Scott and Vilks 1991).

Cassidulina complanata Ujiie and Kusukawa (1969, p. 766, pl. 1, figures 1 and 2).

2.23. Side view showing aperture, 15x (LD = .87 millimeters).
2.24. Edge view showing aperture, 15x (LD = .87 millimeters).
Photographs of the holotype (#242, 243) from the National Science Museum (Tokyo, Shinjuku branch). This species appears different from the other species of Cassidulina because of its long apertural slit.

Cassidulina crepidula Kuwano (1954a, p. 33, figures 1-3).

2.25. Side view showing aperture, 45x (LD = .44 millimeters).
Photograph of one of several species named by Kuwano and discovered (no numbers) by personnel at the National Science Museum (Tokyo, Shinjuku branch) when we looked through Kuwano's collections after his untimely death in 1989. This species is well preserved and appears to be a distinct species.

Cassidulina elegans Sidebottom var. bosoensis Kuwano (1954a, p. 34, figures 7-11).

2.26. Edge view showing aperture, 45x (LD = .44 millimeters).
2.27. Side view showing aperture, 45x (LD = .36 millimeters).
Photographs of another of the "lost" species of Kuwano with no museum number (see 2.25). The specimen photographed looks like the paratype and was the best of all the specimens left on the slide. It appears outwardly similar to C. subglobosum (Brady 1881); however, it has a crenulated surface so is believed to be a distinct species.

Cassidulina japonica Asano and Nakamura (1937, p. 144, pl. 13, figures 1 and 2, text figure 2a-2b).

2.28. Side view, 10.5x (LD = 10.00 millimeters).
2.29. Slanted side view, 10.5x (LD = 10.00 millimeters).
Photographs of the holotype (#21434) in the Tohoku University collections. This species may fit into Islandiella, but whatever its generic affinities, it does appear to be a distinct species. Nomura (1983b) places this species in Islandiella.

Cassidulina kattoi Takayanagi (1953, p. 34, pl. 4, figure 10a-10b).

2.30. Apertural view, 45x (LD = .33 millimeters).
2.31. Side view, 45x (LD = .36 millimeters).
Photographs of the holotype (#67144) in the Tohoku University collections. As with many of the cassidulinids, the variability is so high that it is difficult to say if this is a distinct species or a junior synonym of another species.

Cassidulina kazusaensis Asano and Nakamura (1937, p. 146, pl. 14, figure 2a-2b, text figure 7a-7b).

2.32. Side view, 15x (LD = 1.53 millimeters).
2.33. Edge view, 15x (LD = 1.53 millimeters).
Photographs of the holotype (#21438) of the Tohoku University collections. This specimen is broken at the aperture and therefore difficult to compare, but its overall form is very different from other cassidulinids.

Cassidulina nojimana Kuwano (1954b, p. 79, figures 2 and 3).

2.34. Slanted apertural view, 45x (LD = .44 millimeters).
2.35. Side view, 45x (LD = .47 millimeters).
Photographs of an unnumbered paratype (as with all of Kuwano's material) now in the National Science Museum (Tokyo, Shinjuku branch). Several specimens were on the slide; they looked very similar to Kuwano's C. elegans v. bosoensis (2.26 and 2.27), but not like any other cassidulinids.

Cassidulina paratortuosa Kuwano (1954a, p. 34, figures 4-6).

2.36. Side view showing aperture, 45x (LD = .29 millimeters).
2.37. Edge view showing aperture, 45x (LD = .29 millimeters).
Photographs of an unnumbered paratype in the Tokyo National Museum. These pictures of Kuwano’s types outwardly appear like C. subglobosa (Brady 1881), but figures of this species in Nomura (1983a) from hypotypes at Tohoku University are very different with well defined sutures that are not visible on Kuwano’s specimens. Nomura (1983b) assigned this species to the genus Globocassidulina.

Cassidulina sagamiensis Asano and Nakamura (1937, p. 147, pl. 14, figure 5a-5c).

2.38. Side view, 37.5x (LD = .56 millimeters).
2.39. Edge view showing aperture, 37.5x (LD = .56 millimeters).
Photographs of holotype (#21439) in the Tohoku University collections. This species is very similar to what has been called Islandiella islandica (Nörvang 1945) in the Atlantic, but this species is an older name and would take precedence. Nomura (1983a) suggested this species has a typical Paracassidulina aperture.

Cassidulina setanaensis Asano and Nakamura (1937, pl. 13, figure 7a-7b).

2.40. Side view, 7.5x (LD = 3.20 millimeters).
Photographs of the holotype (#21437) in the Tohoku University collections. This species appears similar to C. kazusaensis (2.32 and 2.33) to Scott. Nomura (1983b) suggested that C. kazusaensis differs by having a "fan shaped" tooth, but the type specimen of this species has a broken aperture, and it is unclear how this "tooth" was observed. He also suggested a narrower periphery, which is not a distinguishing characteristic in these species. (See also 3.41)

FIGURE 3.41-60.

Cassidulina setanaensis (continued from 2.40).

3.41. Apertural view, 7.5x (LD = 3.20 millimeters).

Cassidulina subglobosa Brady depressa Asano and Nakamura (1937, p. 148, pl. 13, figure 8a-8c).

3.42. Side view, 45x (LD = .38 millimeters).
3.43. Edge view showing aperture, 45x (LD = .36 millimeters).
Photographs of holotype (#21441 [#97208hyp]) in Tohoku University collections. Although our pictures do not show it, Nomura (1983b) showed a "bisecta" like aperture for this species.

Cassidulina sublimbata Asano and Nakamura (1937, p. 146, pl. 14, figures 3 and 4a-b).

3.44. Side view, 15x (LD = 1.20 millimeters).
3.45. Slanted edge view, 15x (LD = .93 millimeters).
Photographs of holotype (#21442) in the Tohoku University collections. Although similar to C. kazusaensis and C. setanaensis, it is distinct on the basis of more distinct suture lines and a keeled periphery.

Cassidulina undata Kuwano (1954b, p. 80, figures 3 and 4).

3.46. Apertural view, 45x (LD = .27 millimeters).
3.47. Side view showing aperture, 45x (LD = .24 millimeters).
Photographs of what Kuwano called an "ideotype" (no number) in the Tokyo National Museum. This small specimen is similar to some others, but in such poor condition that it is difficult to tell whether it is a distinct species.

Cassidulina wakasaensis Asano and Nakamura (1937, pl. 14, figure 7a-7c).

3.48. Side view, 15x (LD = 1.33 millimeters).
3.49. Slanted edge view showing aperture, 15x (LD = 1.33 millimeters).
Photographs of the holotype (#21436) in the Tohoku University collections. Scott feels this species is similar to C. kazusaensis; however, Takayanagi disagrees because of specimens he has examined and also points out they have different geographical distributions.

Cassidulina yabei Asano and Nakamura (1937, p. 145, pl. 14, figure 1a-1b).

3.50. Side view, 15x (LD = 1.33 millimeters).
3.51. Slanted edge view showing aperture, 15x (LD = 1.33 millimeters).
Photographs of the holotype (#21435) in Tohoku University collections. This species appears to be part of the C. kazusaensis group, all of which seem to have been described in the same publication. If these species (C. kazusaensis, setanansis, yabei) are all the same, then setanansis would be the senior name: it appears on plate 13 and the others are on plate 14 (Asano and Nakamura 1937).

Cassidulina yabei Asano and Nakamura serrata Matsunaga (1963, pl. 49, figure 3a-3b).

3.52. Side view, 22.5x (LD = .67 millimeters).
3.53. Side view showing aperture 22.5x (LD = .37 millimeters).
Photographs of holotype (#85355) in the Tohoku University collections. Matsunaga neglected to describe this species, but he did provide some good photographs. This species is distinct with a serrated edge on the periphery. It would appear to a variation of the well known North Atlantic species Islandiella teretis (Tappan 1951), but perhaps is a distinct species.

Ceratobulimina hanzawai Asano (1949, p. 428, figure 2, nos. 23-27).

3.54. Side aperture, 37.5x (LD = .61 millimeters).
3.55. Opposite side, 37.5x (LD = .61 millimeters).
Photographs of holotype (#67046) in the Tohoku University collections. This looks like a distinct species.

Cibicides asanoi Matsunaga (1963, p. 116, pl. 51, figure 4a-4c).

3.56. Ventral view, 25x (LD = .76 millimeters).
3.57. Ddorsal view, 25x (LD = .76 millimeters).
Photographs of the holotype (#85376) in the Tohoku University collections. This Cibicides species, like many others, is very similar to the old C. lobatulus (Walker and Jacob in Kanmacher 1798), which takes precedence over any modern name.

Cibicides cushmani Ujiie and Kusukawa (1969, p. 769, pl. 3, figures 1-3, pl. 5, figure 3).

3.58. Ventral view, 45x (LD = .40 millimeters).
3.59. Dorsal view, 45x (LD = .40 millimeters).
3.60. Edge view, 45x (LD = .40 millimeters).
Photographs of holotype (#250) in the Tokyo National Museum. This appears to be another variant of C. lobatulus.

NOTE: LD (longest dimension).