METHODS

Molar and premolar terminology in this paper follows that of Janis and Scott (1987) and Gentry (1994), although we use “prehypocristid” to refer to what is otherwise called the cristid obliqua. Other modifications are noted in the text. Measurements are in millimeters or centimeters, with lengths being the maximum dimension parallel to the mesiodistal axis of the tooth, trigonid width the maximum through the protoconid and metaconid perpendicular to the mesiodistal axis, and talonid width the maximum through the hypoconid and entoconid perpendicular to the mesiodistal axis.

General locations for the fossil sites are shown in Figure 1.1-1.2.The ages of the sites are based on the published literature in the cases of Uganda and the Potwar Plateau, and the accompanying paper by Lindsay et al. (this issue) for the Zinda Pir sites in the Sulaiman ranges. The age estimates for East African sites are primarily radiometric, while those for the Potwar Plateau are based on paleomagnetic sequences. The Lindsay et al. (this issue) paper presents new interpretations of the stratigraphy and paleomagnetic record of the Zinda Pir Dome area. In citing ages from it we have used their second interpretation (see Figure 6B in Lindsay et al. this issue), which suggests a Late Oligocene through Early Miocene age for all of the Chitarwata Formation. The alternative, Interpretation A (Lindsay et al. this issue, Figure 6A), suggests an Early Oligocene age for the lower part of the Chitarwata Formation, and a Late Oligocene to Early Miocene age for the upper part. Both interpretations favor an Early Miocene age for the lower Vihowa Formation. Interpretation A of Lindsay et al. (this issue) is the same as an age correlation suggested by Welcomme et al. (2001) for the Chitarwata Formation in Bugti Hills 300 km south of the Zinda Pir area.

Measurements for the lower and upper teeth and astragalus are in Table 1, Table 2, and Table 3.

Abbreviations

 BUMP: Boston University Uganda Museum Makerere University Paleontology Expedition; GSP‑H: Geological Survey of Pakistan - Howard University Project; GSP-Y: Geological Survey of Pakistan - Harvard University Project; GSP-DGK: Geological Survey of Pakistan - D.G. Khan collection; GSP-S: Geological Survey of Pakistan - Sind collection; PMNH-Z: Pakistan Museum of Natural History - Zinda Pir collection.