TABLE 1. Summary statistics of astragali samples.
|
n |
mean |
std dev |
S-W1 |
V2 |
V *3 |
SV* 4 |
||
|
Thousand Creek |
LM |
190 |
27.83 |
1.71 |
n.s. |
0.0614 |
0.0615 |
0.0032 |
|
TD |
211 |
13.99 |
1.25 |
n.s. |
0.0893 |
0.0895 |
0.0044 |
|
|
TI |
216 |
15.30 |
1.27 |
n.s. |
0.0830 |
0.0831 |
0.0040 |
|
|
TP |
212 |
11.06 |
0.97 |
n.s. |
0.0877 |
0.0878 |
0.0043 |
|
|
LL |
198 |
30.51 |
2.05 |
n.s. |
0.0672 |
0.0673 |
0.0034 |
|
|
WD |
193 |
18.62 |
1.59 |
0.0153 |
0.0854 |
0.0855 |
0.0044 |
|
|
WI |
201 |
17.71 |
1.60 |
n.s. |
0.0903 |
0.0905 |
0.0046 |
|
|
LI |
215 |
23.88 |
1.58 |
n.s. |
0.0662 |
0.0662 |
0.0032 |
|
|
Antilocapra americana |
LM |
26 |
34.15 |
1.24 |
n.s. |
0.0363 |
0.0367 |
0.0052 |
|
TD |
24 |
16.70 |
1.02 |
n.s. |
0.0611 |
0.0617 |
0.0092 |
|
|
TI |
25 |
18.81 |
0.84 |
n.s. |
0.0447 |
0.0451 |
0.0066 |
|
|
TP |
26 |
13.90 |
0.63 |
n.s. |
0.0453 |
0.0458 |
0.0065 |
|
|
LL |
25 |
36.72 |
1.44 |
0.0039 |
0.0392 |
0.0396 |
0.0058 |
|
|
WD |
26 |
21.91 |
0.80 |
0.0428 |
0.0365 |
0.0369 |
0.0053 |
|
|
WI |
26 |
22.39 |
1.04 |
n.s. |
0.0464 |
0.0469 |
0.0067 |
|
|
LI |
25 |
28.93 |
1.06 |
0.0357 |
0.0366 |
0.0370 |
0.0054 |
|
|
Texoceros guymonensis |
LM |
67 |
22.75 |
1.02 |
n.s. |
0.0448 |
0.0450 |
0.0039 |
|
TD |
67 |
11.51 |
0.96 |
n.s. |
0.0834 |
0.0837 |
0.0074 |
|
|
TI |
67 |
12.49 |
0.91 |
n.s. |
0.0729 |
0.0731 |
0.0064 |
|
|
TP |
67 |
9.39 |
0.65 |
n.s. |
0.0692 |
0.0695 |
0.0061 |
|
|
LL |
67 |
24.95 |
1.19 |
n.s. |
0.0477 |
0.0479 |
0.0042 |
|
|
WD |
67 |
15.23 |
0.90 |
n.s. |
0.0591 |
0.0593 |
0.0052 |
|
|
WI |
65 |
14.46 |
1.10 |
n.s. |
0.0761 |
0.0764 |
0.0068 |
|
|
LI |
65 |
19.92 |
1.08 |
n.s. |
0.0542 |
0.0544 |
0.0048 |
1 Significance of deviation from normal distribution using a Shapiro-Wilk test.
2 Coefficient of Variation.
3 V corrected for sample size.
4 Standard Error of V*.
TABLE 2. Intra-operator error for astragalar dimensions.
|
Dimension |
Difference |
Difference |
|
LM |
0.12 |
0.4 |
|
TD |
0.65 |
4.5 |
|
TI |
0.36 |
2.3 |
|
TP |
0.14 |
1.3 |
|
LL |
0.11 |
0.4 |
|
WD |
0.15 |
0.8 |
|
WI |
0.24 |
1.3 |
|
LI |
0.12 |
0.5 |
TABLE 3. First three principal components of Thousand Creek antilocaprid astragali.
|
PC1 |
PC2 |
PC3 |
|
|
Size variation |
Size-independent variation in shape |
||
|
Eigenvalue |
6.5276 |
0.4219 |
0.3504 |
|
Percent |
81.5945 |
5.2741 |
4.3795 |
|
Eigenvectors |
|||
|
LM |
0.3651 |
-0.3738 |
0.0965 |
|
TD |
0.3178 |
0.7765 |
-0.2646 |
|
TI |
0.3590 |
0.2098 |
0.1506 |
|
TP |
0.3284 |
0.2069 |
0.7848 |
|
LL |
0.3764 |
-0.2173 |
0.0021 |
|
WD |
0.3631 |
-0.1106 |
-0.2944 |
|
WI |
0.3450 |
-0.0260 |
-0.4419 |
|
LI |
0.3692 |
-0.3322 |
-0.0120 |
TABLE 4. Summary statistics of Bovid astragali.
|
Species |
mean |
sd |
V |
V* |
s.e. V* |
V* - 1kCr V* |
p |
|
|
Aepyceros melapus |
LM |
35.04 |
1.410 |
0.0402 |
0.0412 |
0.0103 |
-1.61 |
0.109 |
|
n=10 |
TD |
16.53 |
1.036 |
0.0627 |
0.0642 |
0.0164 |
-1.49 |
0.138 |
|
TI |
19.20 |
0.894 |
0.0466 |
0.0477 |
0.0120 |
-2.79 |
0.006 |
|
|
TP |
13.76 |
0.660 |
0.0480 |
0.0492 |
0.0124 |
-2.94 |
0.004 |
|
|
LL |
37.42 |
1.580 |
0.0422 |
0.0433 |
0.0109 |
-2.11 |
0.036 |
|
|
WD |
21.78 |
0.900 |
0.0413 |
0.0424 |
0.0106 |
-3.75 |
0.000 |
|
|
WI |
21.86 |
0.903 |
0.0413 |
0.0424 |
0.0106 |
-4.16 |
0.000 |
|
|
LI |
28.94 |
1.195 |
0.0413 |
0.0423 |
0.0106 |
-2.15 |
0.032 |
|
|
Antidorcas marsupialis |
LM |
28.16 |
1.637 |
0.0581 |
0.0599 |
0.0174 |
-0.09 |
0.930 |
|
n=8 |
TD |
13.58 |
1.193 |
0.0879 |
0.0906 |
0.0269 |
0.04 |
0.967 |
|
TI |
15.73 |
1.043 |
0.0663 |
0.0684 |
0.0199 |
-0.72 |
0.470 |
|
|
TP |
11.16 |
0.938 |
0.0841 |
0.0867 |
0.0256 |
-0.04 |
0.966 |
|
|
LL |
30.25 |
1.739 |
0.0575 |
0.0593 |
0.0172 |
-0.46 |
0.647 |
|
|
WD |
18.79 |
1.132 |
0.0602 |
0.0621 |
0.0180 |
-1.26 |
0.209 |
|
|
WI |
18.81 |
1.499 |
0.0797 |
0.0822 |
0.0242 |
-0.34 |
0.736 |
|
|
LI |
23.66 |
1.349 |
0.0570 |
0.0588 |
0.0170 |
-0.43 |
0.669 |
|
|
Gazella granti |
LM |
33.80 |
1.340 |
0.0396 |
0.0406 |
0.0102 |
-1.96 |
0.052 |
|
n=10 |
TD |
17.04 |
0.837 |
0.0491 |
0.0503 |
0.0127 |
-2.91 |
0.004 |
|
TI |
19.08 |
0.842 |
0.0441 |
0.0452 |
0.0114 |
-3.15 |
0.002 |
|
|
TP |
13.33 |
0.943 |
0.0707 |
0.0725 |
0.0186 |
-0.80 |
0.424 |
|
|
LL |
36.74 |
1.503 |
0.0409 |
0.0419 |
0.0105 |
-2.30 |
0.023 |
|
|
WD |
21.95 |
0.920 |
0.0419 |
0.0430 |
0.0108 |
-3.65 |
0.000 |
|
|
WI |
20.79 |
0.794 |
0.0382 |
0.0391 |
0.0098 |
-4.75 |
0.000 |
|
|
LI |
28.65 |
1.154 |
0.0403 |
0.0413 |
0.0103 |
-2.30 |
0.022 |
|
|
Tragelaphus scriptus |
LM |
33.6 |
2.729 |
0.08122 |
0.08291 |
0.01937 |
1.09 |
0.277 |
|
n=12 |
TD |
15.23 |
1.495 |
0.09816 |
0.10021 |
0.02373 |
0.44 |
0.658 |
|
TI |
18.03 |
1.597 |
0.08857 |
0.09042 |
0.02125 |
0.34 |
0.735 |
|
|
TP |
13.41 |
1.25 |
0.09321 |
0.09516 |
0.02244 |
0.32 |
0.748 |
|
|
LL |
35.73 |
3.106 |
0.08693 |
0.08874 |
0.02083 |
1.02 |
0.311 |
|
|
WD |
21.23 |
1.903 |
0.08964 |
0.0915 |
0.02152 |
0.27 |
0.785 |
|
|
WI |
19.59 |
1.987 |
0.10143 |
0.10354 |
0.02458 |
0.52 |
0.603 |
|
|
LI |
28.96 |
2.539 |
0.08767 |
0.0895 |
0.02102 |
1.10 |
0.274 |
TABLE 5. Comparison of V*, following Sokal and Braumann (1980).
|
V*1-V*2 1 |
S V*1-V*2 2 |
df 3 |
t 4 |
p |
||
|
Thousand Creek |
LM |
0.0249 |
0.0061 |
214 |
4.0560 |
<0.0001 |
|
TD |
0.0277 |
0.0102 |
233 |
2.7131 |
0.0072 |
|
|
TI |
0.0380 |
0.0077 |
239 |
4.9170 |
<0.0001 |
|
|
TP |
0.0420 |
0.0078 |
236 |
5.3637 |
<0.0001 |
|
|
LL |
0.0277 |
0.0067 |
221 |
4.1217 |
<0.0001 |
|
|
WD |
0.0486 |
0.0069 |
217 |
7.0840 |
<0.0001 |
|
|
WI |
0.0436 |
0.0081 |
225 |
5.3675 |
<0.0001 |
|
|
LI |
0.0292 |
0.0063 |
238 |
4.6488 |
<0.0001 |
|
|
Thousand Creek |
LM |
0.0165 |
0.0051 |
255 |
3.2634 |
0.0013 |
|
TD |
0.0057 |
0.0086 |
276 |
0.6687 |
n.s. |
|
|
TI |
0.0100 |
0.0076 |
281 |
1.3144 |
n.s. |
|
|
TP |
0.0183 |
0.0075 |
277 |
2.4535 |
0.0148 |
|
|
LL |
0.0194 |
0.0054 |
263 |
3.5911 |
0.0004 |
|
|
WD |
0.0262 |
0.0068 |
258 |
3.8444 |
0.0002 |
|
|
WI |
0.0141 |
0.0082 |
264 |
1.7181 |
n.s. |
|
|
LI |
0.0118 |
0.0058 |
278 |
2.0317 |
0.0431 |
|
|
T. guymonensis |
LM |
0.0083 |
0.0066 |
91 |
1.2725 |
n.s. |
|
TD |
0.0220 |
0.0118 |
89 |
1.8637 |
n.s. |
|
|
TI |
0.0280 |
0.0092 |
90 |
3.0462 |
0.0030 |
|
|
TP |
0.0237 |
0.0089 |
91 |
2.6512 |
0.0095 |
|
|
LL |
0.0083 |
0.0071 |
90 |
1.1573 |
n.s. |
|
|
WD |
0.0225 |
0.0074 |
91 |
3.0323 |
0.0032 |
|
|
WI |
0.0295 |
0.0096 |
89 |
3.0813 |
0.0027 |
|
|
LI |
0.0174 |
0.0073 |
88 |
2.4009 |
0.0185 |
Differences in coefficients of variation.
2 Standard Error of difference.
3 Degrees of freedom.
4 V*1-V*2 / S V*1-V*2.
