TABLE 1. Macrofossil records of Atherospermataceae and Monimiaceae.
|
Fossil |
Organ |
Age |
Provenance |
References |
|
ATHEROSPERMATACEAE |
||||
|
Laurelites jamesrossii Poole and Francis |
wood |
Campanian |
James Ross Island |
Poole and Francis, 1999 |
|
Protoatherospermoxylon spp. |
wood |
Late Cretaceous |
Cape Province, S.Africa |
Mädel, 1960; Müller-Stoll and Mädel, 1962 |
|
Atherospermoxylon bulboradiatum Poole and Gottwald |
wood |
Paleocene |
Seymour Island |
Poole and Gottwald, 2001 |
|
Atherospermophyllum guinazui (Berry), comb. nov. |
leaves |
Early and middle Eocene |
Patagonia, Argentina |
Berry, 1935, 1938; this paper |
|
Laurelia-like wood |
wood |
Paleocene-Eocene |
Seymour Island |
Poole and Gottwald, 2001 |
|
Atherospermataceous wood |
wood |
Late Eocene |
Germany |
Gottwald, 1992 |
|
Laurelioxylon intermedium Nishida |
wood |
"Tertiary" |
Chile |
Nishida, 1984 |
|
Atherospermoxylon aegyptiacum (Schenk) R. Kräusel |
wood |
Early Oligocene |
Egypt |
Kräusel, 1939 |
|
Laurelites doroteaensis Nishida, H. Nishida and Nasa |
wood |
Oligocene-Miocene |
Patagonia, Chile and Argentina |
Nishida et al., 1988; Pujana 2009 |
|
Laurelia otagoensis Conran, Bannister and D.E. Lee |
leaves with cuticle, fruits |
Early Miocene |
New Zealand |
Conran et al., 2013 |
|
Atherosperma moschatum Labill. |
leaves |
Pliocene-Pleistocene |
Tasmania |
Hill and MacPhail, 1985 |
|
MONIMIACEAE |
||||
|
Hedycaryoxylon hortonioides Mädel |
wood |
Late Cretaceous |
Cape Province, S.Africa |
Mädel, 1960; Müller-Stoll and Mädel, 1962 |
|
Hedycaryoxylon tambourissoides Poole and Gottwald |
wood |
Campanian |
James Ross Island |
Süss, 1960; Poole and Gottwald, 2001 |
|
Monimiophyllum antarcticum Zastawniak |
leaves |
?Late Paleocene |
King George Island |
Birkenmajer and Zastawniak, 1989 |
|
Monimiophyllum callidentatum sp. nov. |
leaf |
Early Eocene |
Patagonia, Argentina |
This paper |
|
Flacourtioxylon (Monimiaxylon) gifaense |
wood |
Late Eocene |
Libya |
Louvet, 1974 |
|
Xymaloxylon (Monimiaxylon) zeltenense |
wood |
Early Oligocene |
Libya |
Louvet, 1974 |
|
Monimiaceous wood |
wood |
Early Oligocene |
Oman |
Privé-Gill et al., 1993 |
TABLE 2. Extant Atherospermataceae species scored.
|
Species |
Range |
|
Atherosperma moschatum Labill. |
NSW, Tas, Vic |
|
Daphnandra apatela Schodde |
NSW, Qld |
|
Daphnandra micrantha (Tul.) Benth. |
NSW |
|
Daphnandra repandula (F.Muell) F. Muell. |
NSW, Qld |
|
Doryphora aromatica (F.M.Bailey) L.S. Sm. |
Qld |
|
Doryphora sassafras Endl. |
NSW, Qld, Vic |
|
Dryadodaphne novoguineensis (Perk.) A.C. Sm. |
New Guinea |
|
Dryadodaphne trachyphloia Schodde |
Qld |
|
Laurelia novae-zelandiae A. Cunn. |
New Zealand |
|
Laurelia sempervirens (Ruiz and Pav.) Tul. |
S Chile |
|
Laureliopsis philippiana (Looser) Schodde |
S Chile and Argentina |
|
Nemuaron vieillardii (Baill.) Baill. |
New Caledonia |
Abbreviations: NSW- New South Wales, Tas- Tasmania, Vic- Victoria, Qld- Queensland, Australia.
TABLE 3. Extant Monimiaceae species scored.
|
Species |
Range |
|
Austromatthaea elegans L.B. Sm. |
Qld |
|
Decarydendron ranomafanensis Lorence and Razafim. |
Madagascar |
|
Ephippiandra madagascariensis (Danguy) Lorence |
Madagascar |
|
Grazielanthus arkeocarpus Peixoto and Per.-Moura |
SE Brazil |
|
Hedycarya angustifolia A. Cunn. |
Qld, Tas |
|
Hedycarya arborea J.R. Forst. and G. Forst. |
New Zealand |
|
Hedycarya cupulata Baill. |
New Caledonia |
|
Hedycarya loxocarya (Benth.) W.D. Francis |
Qld |
|
Hennecartia omphalandra Poiss. |
S Brazil, NE Argentina, Paraguay |
|
Hortonia floribunda Wight ex Arn. |
Sri Lanka |
|
Kairoa suberosa Philipson |
New Guinea |
|
Kibara coriacea (Blume) Hook. f. and A. Thomps. |
Malaysia |
|
Kibara macrophylla (A. Cunn.) Benth. |
NSW |
|
Kibara moluccana Boerl. ex Perk. |
New Guinea, Moluccas |
|
Kibaropsis caledonica (Guillaumin) J. Jeremie |
New Caledonia |
|
Levieria acuminata Perk. |
New Guinea, Qld |
|
Macropeplus ligustrinus (Tul.) Perk. |
SE Brazil |
|
Macrotorus utriculatus Perk. |
SE Brazil |
|
Matthaea sancta Blume |
Malaysia, Indonesia |
|
Mollinedia ovata Ruiz and Pav. |
Ecuador |
|
Mollinedia schottiana (Spreng.) Perk. |
Brazil |
|
Mollinedia widgrenii A. DC. |
Brazil |
|
Monimia ovalifolia Thouars |
Réunion, Mascarenes |
|
Monimia rotundifolia Thouars |
Réunion, Mascarenes |
|
Palmeria foremanii Whiffin |
NSW, Qld |
|
Palmeria scandens F. Muell. |
NSW, Qld |
|
Peumus boldus Molina |
Chile |
|
Steganthera australiana C.T. White |
New Guinea |
|
Steganthera cooperorum Whiffin |
Qld |
|
Steganthera hirsuta Perk. |
Qld, New Guinea |
|
Steganthera laxiflora (Benth.) Whiffin and Foreman |
Qld |
|
Steganthera macooraia (F.M. Bailey) P.K. Endress |
Qld |
|
Tambourissa elliptica A. DC. |
Réunion, Mascarenes |
|
Tambourissa ficus (Tul.) A. DC. |
Mauritius, Mascarenes |
|
Tambourissa leptophylla (Tul.) A. DC. |
Mayotte, Comoros |
|
Tambourissa longicarpa Lorence |
Madagascar |
|
Tambourissa purpurea (Tul.) A. DC. |
Mauritius, Mascarenes |
|
Tambourissa tau Lorence |
Mauritius, Mascarenes |
|
Wilkiea angustifolia (F.M. Bailey) Perk. |
Qld |
|
Wilkiea austroqueenslandica Domin |
NSW, Qld |
|
Wilkiea hugeliana (Tul.) A. DC. |
NSW, Qld |
|
Tetrasynandra pubescens Perk. |
Qld |
|
Wilkiea rigidifolia (A.C. Sm.) Whiffin and Foreman |
Qld, New Guinea |
|
Wilkiea smithii Whiffin |
Qld |
|
Wilkiea sp. "Palmerston" |
Qld |
|
Xymalos monospora (Harv.) Baill. |
Bioko, Cameroon |
Abbreviations: NSW- New South Wales, Tas- Tasmania, Vic- Victoria, Qld- Queensland, Australia.
TABLE 4. Percent character similarity of extant Atherospermataceae to Atherospermophyllum guinazui, comb. nov.
| Taxon | %Similarity |
| Genus | |
| Daphnandra | 63 |
| Doryphora | 56 |
| Laurelia | 56 |
| Dryadodaphne | 48 |
| Laureliopsis | 41 |
| Atherosperma | 33 |
| Nemuaron | 26 |
| Species | |
| Daphnandra apatela | 56 |
| Doryphora sassafras | 44 |
| Laureliopsis philippiana | 41 |
| Laurelia sempervirens | 41 |
| Dryadodaphne novoguineensis | 37 |
| Atherosperma moschatum | 33 |
| Dryadodaphne trachyphloia | 33 |
| Daphnandra micrantha | 33 |
| Daphnandra repandula | 33 |
| Doryphora aromatica | 33 |
| Laurelia novae-zelandiae | 26 |
| Nemuaron vieillardii | 22 |
Notes: Generic scores are a compilation of the constituent species scores. All taxa scored have toothed leaf-margins.
TABLE 5. Percent character similarity of extant Monimiaceae to Monimiophyllum callidentatum, sp. nov.
|
Taxon |
%Similarity |
|
Genus |
|
|
Wilkiea^ |
76 |
|
Mollinedia^ |
76 |
|
Kibara^ |
68 |
|
Kairoa* |
68 |
|
Hedycarya^ |
68 |
|
Tambourissa^ |
68 |
|
Palmeria |
68 |
|
Steganthera^ |
64 |
|
Austromatthaea* |
60 |
|
Decarydendron |
58 |
|
Hortonia |
58 |
|
Macropeplus^ |
56 |
|
Peumus |
53 |
|
Hennecartia* |
52 |
|
Levieria* |
52 |
|
Kibaropsis |
47 |
|
Xymalos^ |
44 |
|
Monimia |
42 |
|
Grazielanthus* |
40 |
|
Macrotorus* |
32 |
|
Ephippiandra* |
32 |
|
Matthaea |
26 |
|
Species |
|
|
Wilkiea hugeliana* |
76 |
|
Kairoa suberosa* |
68 |
|
Tambourissa purpurea |
63 |
|
Palmeria foremanii |
63 |
|
Austromatthaea elegans* |
60 |
|
Decarydendron ranomafanensis |
58 |
|
Hortonia floribunda |
58 |
|
Wilkiea rigidifolia* |
56 |
|
Macropeplus ligustrinus* |
56 |
|
Steganthera australiana* |
56 |
|
Hedycarya cupulata* |
56 |
|
Wilkiea smithii |
53 |
|
Peumus boldus |
53 |
|
Kibara macrophylla* |
52 |
|
Mollinedia schottiana* |
52 |
|
Mollinedia widgrenii* |
52 |
|
Hennecartia omphalandra* |
52 |
|
Tetrasynandra pubescens* |
52 |
|
Levieria acuminata* |
52 |
|
Hedycarya angustifolia* |
52 |
|
Hedycarya arborea* |
52 |
|
Tambourissa longicarpa* |
48 |
|
Steganthera cooperorum |
47 |
|
Steganthera hirsuta |
47 |
|
Kibaropsis caledonica |
47 |
|
Tambourissa elliptica |
47 |
|
Tambourissa tau |
47 |
|
Tambourissa leptophylla |
47 |
|
Wilkiea angustifolia* |
44 |
|
Xymalos monospora* |
44 |
|
Wilkiea austroqueenslandica |
44 |
|
Steganthera macooraia |
42 |
|
Palmeria scandens |
42 |
|
Monimia rotundifolia |
42 |
|
Monimia ovalifolia |
42 |
|
Matthaea heterophylla |
42 |
|
Kibara coriacea* |
40 |
|
Grazielanthus arkeocarpus* |
40 |
|
Steganthera laxiflora* |
40 |
|
Hedycarya loxocarya* |
40 |
|
Wilkiea sp. "Palmerston" |
37 |
|
Kibara moluccana |
32 |
|
Tambourissa ficus |
32 |
|
Macrotorus utriculatus* |
32 |
|
Ephippiandra madagascariensis* |
32 |
|
Mollinedia ovata* |
28 |
|
Matthaea sancta |
26 |
Notes: Generic scores are a compilation of the constituent species scores.
*Genus or species with toothed leaves.
^Genus in which some species are toothed.
