Earliest Uintan mammals: Tables

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TABLE 1. Measurements (in mm) of Primates from TBM (b = broken dimension, p. = partial).

Taxon/Specimen Number	Position	ap	tr	tra	trp
Uintasorex parvulus
SDSNH 110359	p. M2	1.18b	1.41b	-	-
SDSNH 110358	dp4	1.08	-	0.52	0.64
DMNH 75287	m2	1.14	-	0.83	0.88
Microsyops annectans
UCM 67984	m1	4.59	-	3.50	3.67
UCM 70315	m2	5.05	-	3.53	3.91
Omomys carteri
SDSNH 110357	M3	2.35	3.55	-	-
UCM 68564	p4	2.58	1.78	-	-
SDSNH 110355	m2	2.31b	-	1.60b	1.80b
DMNH 75326	m3	2.69	-	1.62	1.54
UCM 95772	m3	2.90	-	1.80	1.75
Washakius insignis
UCM 68541	M1 or 2	2.60	3.41	-	-
Trogolemur myodes
UCM 78097	m2	1.67	-	1.44	1.49
UCM 67883	m3	2.13	-	1.30	1.26
Notharctus robustior
DMNH 75300	M1	7.06	8.57	-	-
UCM 78457	p. M1 or 2	-	8.10b	-	-
UCM 69054	M3	5.00	6.50b
UCM 72600	p3	4.17	3.14	-	-
UCM 72600	p. p4	5.15b	4.36	-	-

TABLE 2. Measurements (in mm) of Ischyromyidae and Rodentia, family undetermined from TBM (* = probably associated teeth).

Taxon/Specimen Number	Position	ap	tr	tra	trp
Microparamys minutus
UCM 66310	dP4	1.15	1.26	-	-
UCM 95696	P4	1.16	1.28	-	-
SDSNH 110373	dp4	1.23	-	0.75	0.90
SDSNH 110374	p4	1.18	-	0.82	1.06
SDSNH 110375	m1 or 2	1.31	-	1.16	1.17
DMNH 74140	m1 or 2	1.35	-	1.18	1.36
Microparamys sp.
SDSNH 110395	dP4	1.26	1.40	-	-
SDSNH 110360	p4*	1.36	-	0.93	1.16
SDSNH 110361	m1*	1.41	-	1.23	1.41
SDSNH 110362	m2*	1.49	-	1.44	1.50
Thisbemys corrugatus
UCM 70671	m1	4.04	-	3.76	3.90
Rodentia, family undet.
UCM 95700	m1 or 2	1.54	-	1.18	1.20

TABLE 3. Comparison of P4/p4 ap reduction in size (in percent) relative to M1/m1-2 aps in sciuravids and 'Microparamys' scopaiodon (* = percentages for means of isolated teeth that can only be identified as M1 or 2 and m1 or 2, ** = percentage based on alveolar ap of p4 or m1). References: ¹ Bown (1982); ² Burke (1937); ³ Dawson (1962); ⁴ Dawson (1966); ⁵ Dawson (1968); ⁶ Emry and Korth (1989); ⁷ Flanagan (1986); ⁸ Gazin (1952); ⁹ Gazin (1961); ¹⁰ Guthrie (1971); ¹¹ Ivy (1990); ¹² Korth (1984); ¹³ Korth (1994); ¹⁴ Loomis (1907); ¹⁵ Marsh (1871); ¹⁶ Marsh (1872); ¹⁷ Nelson (1974); ¹⁸ Peterson (1919); ¹⁹ Rasmussen et al. (1999); ²⁰ Troxell (1923a); ²¹ Walsh (1997); ²² Walton (1993); ²³ Walton and Porter (2008); ²⁴ West (1973); ²⁵ Wilson (1938a); ²⁶ Wilson (1938b); ²⁷ Wilson (1938c); ²⁸ Wilson (1940); ²⁹ Wood (1959b); ³⁰ Wood (1962); ³¹ Wood (1965).

Taxon	P4 ap/M1 ap	p4 ap/m1 ap	p4 ap/m2 ap	References
Knightomys huerfanensis	95%*	80%	81%	12, 30
Knightomys minor	83%	90%*	85%*	11, 31
Knightomys senior	-	93%	90%	8, 9, 11
Knightomys reginensis	85%	-	-	7, 12
Knightomys cuspidatus	77%	74%	72%	1, 12
Knightomys depressus	93%	87%	82%	8, 11, 14, 30, 31
Knightomys cremneus	-	79%	79-85%	11, 23
Sciuravus wilsoni	-	95%	90%	9, 30
Sciuravus nitidus	85%	84-93%	74-87%	15, 24
'Sciuravus' bridgeri	-	93%	88%	26
Sciuravus eucristadens	79%	87.50%	79%	2, 5
Sciuravus powayensis	70%	82%	78-82%	21, 28
Sciuravus altidens	87%	-	-	18
Sciuravid sp. Powder Wash	91%*	88%*	-	5
Sciuravid sp. Br3	79%	-	-	3
Sciuravus popi	79%	-	-	5, 19
'Sciuravus' rarus	-	59%	-	25
'Microparamys' scopaidon	-	~65%**	3%	12, 13, 22
'Pauromys' schaubi	-	~75%	~80%**	21, 29
Pauromys perditus	-	56%	56%	5, 20
Pauromys lillegraveni	57%	50%	56%	22
Pauromys exallos	-	101%	92%	6, 21
Pauromys sp. Powder Wash	-	59%	-	4, 22
Pauromys sp. Lost Cabin	-	85%	76%	12
Taxymys lucaris	84%	-	-	16, 27
Tillomys senex	-	~75%**	-	16, 27
Tillomys? sp. Fowkes	74%	97%	-	17

TABLE 4. Measurements (in mm) of specimens of Sciuravus, Taxymys , Tillomys, Pauromys sp., cf. P. perditus, sciuravid sp. B, sciuravid sp. C and Sciuravidae, genus and species undetermined from TBM (a = approximate; p. = partial).

Taxon/Specimen Number	Position	ap	tra	trp
Sciuravus nitidus
UCM 68430	p. P4	1.97	2.42	2.28a
Taxymys lucaris
UCM 68307	M1 or 2	1.97	1.97	2.13
UCM 95759	M1 or 2	1.87	1.87	1.70
UCM 95762	M1 or 2	1.90	2.05	1.87
UCM 68924	M1 or 2	1.82	1.82	1.92
UCM 68921	p. M3	1.72	1.77	-
DMNH 75336	M3	1.77	1.80	1.41
Tillomys senex
SDSNH 110363	m1 or 2	1.96	1.82	1.92
DMNH 75279	m1 or 2	1.96	1.67	1.88
DMNH 75328	m1 or 2	2.05	1.80	1.97
UCM 78451	m1 or 2	1.92	1.57	1.72
UCM 95753	m1 or 2	1.95	1.54	1.69
Tillomys? parvidens
SDSNH 110379	m1 or 2	1.87	1.50	1.64
DMNH 75329	m1 or 2	1.82	1.30	1.51
UCM 68533	p. m1 or 2	1.74	-	-
DMNH 75288	m3	1.81	1.51	1.46
Pauromys sp., cf. P. perditus
SDSNH 110414	m1	1.00	0.72	0.82
Sciuravid sp. B
SDSNH 110412	M1 or 2	1.06	1.05	1.08
Sciuravid sp. C
UCM 68672	M1 or 2	1.13	1.23	1.18
SDSNH 110447	M1 or 2	1.12	1.23	1.13
SDSNH 110443	M1 or 2	1.13	1.26	1.10
SDSNH 110439	m3	1.16	0.95	0.87
SDSNH 110441	m3	1.16	1.02	0.93
Sciuravidae, gen. and sp. undet.
SDSNH 110462	P4	0.77	1.00	0.95
SDSNH 140176	p. p4	0.67	-	0.55
SDSNH 110454	p. p4	-	-	0.80

TABLE 5. Measurements (in mm) of Sciuravid sp. A from TBM (p. = partial).

Specimen Number	Position	ap	tra	trp
UCM 68425	M1 or 2	1.25	-	1.13
UCM 70910	M1 or 2	1.28	1.35	1.23
UCM 71413	M1 or 2	1.33	1.26	1.13
UCM 95763	M1 or 2	1.29	1.23	1.10
UCM 95692	M1 or 2	1.28	1.33	1.25
UCM 95696	M1 or 2	1.28	1.34	1.28
UCM 95694	m1	1.23	0.90	1.00
UCM 95812	p. m1	1.21	-	1.00
SDSNH 110398	p. m1	1.18	-	-
UCM 71414	m1	1.26	1.00	1.05
UCM 68969	m2	1.36	1.06	1.13
UCM 71415	m2	1.28	1.03	1.10
UCM 77428	m2	1.28	1.03	1.21
UCM 95754	m2	1.34	1.05	1.19
UCM 95755	m2	1.36	1.18	1.26
UCM 95757	m2	1.30	1.10	1.13
UCM 95698	m2	1.31	1.18	1.26
UCM 95699	m2	1.26	1.08	1.17
SDSNH 110458	m2	1.22	1.08	1.08
SDSNH 110459	m2	1.21	1.07	1.10
SDSNH 110460	m2	1.23	1.04	1.10
UCM 71516	m3	1.39	1.08	1.06
UCM 95752	m3	1.43	1.01	1.04
UCM 95756	m3	1.46	1.14	1.11
SDSNH 110440	m3	1.28	1.00	0.95

TABLE 6. Dental measurements (in mm) and dental ratios of unworn to early wear teeth of cf. Pareumys sp. from the TBM (a = approximate, pch = protocone or protoconid height of unworn teeth¹ or teeth in early wear stage²; p. = partial).

Specimen Number	Position	ap	tra	trp	pch	pch/ap	pch/tra
UCM 95760	P4	1.48	1.69	1.64	1.14²	0.86	0.85
DMNH 75335	P4	1.36	1.76	1.72	-	-	-
DMNH 75337	P4	1.35	1.77	1.69	-	-	-
SDSNH 110435	p. P4	1.49	-	-	-	-	-
UCM 68942	M1 or 2	1.67	1.82	1.74	1.51¹	0.90	0.83
UCM 95758	M1 or 2	1.51	1.79	1.67	-	-	-
DMNH 75334	M1 or 2	1.51	1.53	1.43	1.30¹	0.86	0.85
SDSNH 110396	M1 or 2	1.69	1.86	1.79	1.64¹	0.97	0.88
SDSNH 110397	M1 or 2	1.71	1.85a	1.67	-		-
UCM 67987	M3	1.51	1.67	1.31	-	-	-
UCM 70905	M3	1.57	1.56	1.46	1.26¹	0.80	0.81
UCM 69974	m1	1.56	1.39	1.36	-	-	-
UCM 67885	m2	1.61	1.39	1.44	-	-	-
SDSNH 110366	m2	1.64	1.54	1.58	-	-	-
SDSNH 110365	m2	1.57a	-	1.49	-	-	-
SDSNH 110367	m3	1.97	1.46	1.51	-	-	-
SDSNH 110368	p. m3	1.77a	-	-	-	-	-
SDSNH 110434	m3	1.77	1.54	1.57	1.47²	0.83	0.96

TABLE 7. Dental measurements (in mm) and statistics for Metanoiamys sp. from TBM.

Position		N	Mean	Observed range	SD	CV
dP4	ap	3	0.97	0.93-1.00	0.04	-
	tra	3	0.81	0.79-0.82	0.02	-
	trp	3	0.81	0.77-0.85	0.04	-
P4	ap	3	0.83	0.77-0.89	0.06	-
	tra	3	0.88	0.80-1.00	0.09	-
	trp	3	0.84	0.77-0.93	0.07	-
M1 or 2	ap	14	1.02	0.90-1.09	0.05	4.9
	tra	13	1.03	0.95-1.10	0.05	4.8
	trp	13	1.01	0.89-1.09	0.06	5.9
M3	ap	6	0.89	0.83-0.93	0.05	5.6
	tra	6	0.94	0.83-1.00	0.06	6.3
	trp	6	0.79	0.77-0.82	0.03	3.7
dp4	ap	1	0.80	-	-	-
	tra	1	0.49	-	-	-
	trp	1	0.70	-	-	-
p4	ap	6	0.86	0.79-0.93	0.06	6.5
	tra	6	0.67	0.58-0.70	0.03	4.6
	trp	6	0.79	0.70-0.84	0.04	5.1
m1 or 2	ap	10	1.00	0.89-1.07	0.06	6.0
	tra	10	0.88	0.80-1.00	0.07	7.9
	trp	10	0.94	0.82-1.04	0.08	8.5
m3	ap	4	1.05	1.00-1.08	0.04	-
	tra	4	0.92	0.85-0.98	0.06	-
	trp	4	0.85	0.79-0.93	0.06	-

TABLE 8. Measurements (in mm) of SDSNH specimens of Elymys ? emryi new species from TBM (a = approximate, enamel abraded; p. = partial).

Specimen Number	Position	ap	tra	trp
110466 (holotype)	M1	1.17	0.95	0.95
110465	M1	1.18	0.96	0.96
110463	M1	1.20	1.07	1.15
110464	p. M1	1.18	-	1.13
110444	M2	1.21	1.10	1.10
110448	M3	0.98	1.00	0.82
110455	m1	1.23	0.54	0.89
110456	m1	1.16	0.52	0.81
110405	m2	1.18a	0.92a	0.90a
110457	m2	1.28	0.98	1.05
110461	m3	1.21	1.00	0.82

TABLE 9. Comparison of lower molar characters of UCM 95700, Ailuravus michauxi, Eohaplomys, Haplomys and Spurimus scotti (presumed shared characters in bold; character states after Rensberger [1975] and Korth [1988]).

Character	UCM 95700	Ailuravus	Eohaplomys	Haplomys	Spurimus
1. angle between labial and posterior margins	nearly square - 79⁰-85⁰	more acute - 60⁰ -73⁰ on m1-2, nearly square on m3	nearly square - 79⁰-85⁰	more acute - 60⁰-73⁰	more acute - 60⁰-73⁰
2. trigonids proportions	Relatively wide trigonid basin with longer metalophulids I and II	Relatively wide trigonid basin with longer metalophulids I and II	Relatively wide trigonid basin with longer metalophulids I and II, especially in m3	trigonid basins narrower with shorter metalophulid I and II, especially m3	trigonid basins narrower with shorter metalophulid I and II, especially m3
3. metastylid crest	Strongly developed	Strongly developed	Strongly developed	More weakly developed	More weakly developed
4. metastylid	Absent	Absent	Absent or sometimes incipient on posterior edge of metastylid crest	Present - well developed	Absent
5. entoconid	Bulbous	Bulbous	Bulbous	Not bulbous, more anteroposteriorly compressed	Not bulbous, more anteroposteriorly compressed
6. hypolophid and hypolophid connection	Incomplete, extending into central basin with no connection	Usually incomplete, extending into central basin, especially m3, or sometimes connecting to posterior cingulid	Commonly complete, but low labially, connects to mesoconid	Complete, tall and usually connects to posterior corner of ectolophid	Complete, tall and usually connects to posterior corner of ectolophid
7. mesoconid	small - oval shaped	Commonly present - usually oval shaped	Present - oval shaped	More triangularly shaped with labial crest	Absent
8. ectolophid	straight	Relatively straight	Relatively straight	Inflected	Inflected
9. space (or valley) between entoconid, hypolophid and posterior cingulid	Wide	Wide	Wide	Narrow	Narrow
10. crenulated enamel	Yes	Yes	Yes	No	No

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Earliest Uintan mammals: Tables