FIGURE 1. Geological map (adapted from Oliveira et al., 1992) showing the Portuguese Mesozoic levels outcropping in the Lusitanian Basin. ASb - Arruda Sub-basin; BSb - Bombarral Sub-basin, cd - Caldas Diapir; CR - Caldas da Rainha town; TSb - Turcifal Sub-basin.
FIGURE 2. Lusitanian Basin (divided into three sectors following Ribeiro et al., 1996) with the location of the Upper Jurassic sub-basins following two different interpretations: (1) location of Bombarral, Turcifal and Arruda Sub-basins (Guery, 1984; Kullberg, 2000; Kullberg et al., 2006) (modified from Kullberg, 2000); (2) location of Bombarral-Alcobaça, Consolação, Arruda and Turcufal Sub-basin (modified from Taylor et al., 2014).
FIGURE 3. Stratigraphic correlation between the nomenclature proposed for the Upper Jurassic sub-basin of the central sector of the Lusitaninan Basin [Bombarral Sub-basin is split in several areas: Consolação Sub-basin areas (Torres Vedras-Lourinhã-Peniche and Foz do Arelho-Nazaré coastal sector), Bombarral-Alcobaça Sub-basin area, Batalha-Leiria region and Pombal region], from the left to the right: i) Arruda Sub-basin (Kullberg et al., 2006); ii) Turcifal Sub-basin (Pereda-Suberbiola et al.,2005; Kullberg et al., 2006; Schneider et al., 2009); ii) Arruda Sub-basin (Kullberg et al., 2006); iii) Torres Vedras-Lourinhã-Peniche (Manuppella et al., 1999), iv) Foz do Arelho-Nazaré coastal sector (Kullberg et al., 2006; Azerêdo et al., 2010); v) Bombarral-Alcobaça Sub-basin area (Kullberg et al., 2006; Azerêdo et al., 2010); vi) Batalha-Leiria region (Manuppella et al., 2000; Kullberg et al. 2006; Escaso et al., 2007a) and vii) Pombal region (Kullberg et al., 2006; Malafaia et al., 2010a). The stratigraphy proposed by Hill (1988) for the coastal sector from Porto da Calada to Salir do Porto is also plotted. Crn - Chronostratigraphy; **sensu Yagüe et al., 2006. The right column shows the known stratigraphic distribution of the main sauropod clades along the Kimmeridgian-Tithonian sedimentary sequence in the Lusitanian Basin. The black bar indicates the known stratigraphic distribution of the established sauropod taxa (1, Zby atlanticus ; 2, Dinheirosaurus lourinhanensis ; 3, Lourinhasaurus alenquerensis ; 4, Lusotitan atalaiensis); CSb, Consolação Sub-Basin (following Taylor et al., 2014).
FIGURE 4.1, Simplified stratigraphy of the Kimmeridgian-Tithonian sequence in the Pombal, Leiria, and Batalha areas (located on the Bombarral Sub-basin) (Manuppella et al., 2000; Kullberg et al., 2006; Escaso et al., 2007a; Malafaia et al., 2010a) with distribution of the main sauropod clades identified in this area. 2-3, Geological map of Pombal (2) and Leiria and Batalha (3) areas with localities yielding fossil remains referred to Sauropoda (modified from Teixeira et al., 1966; Zbyszewski et al., 1974; Zbyszewski and Ferreira, 1978; Manuppella et al., 2000). Crn - Chronostratigraphy. *the presence of Turiasauria is only supported by the presence of heart-shaped teeth.
FIGURE 5. Cranial and postcranial sauropod remains from Pombal, Leiria, and Batalha areas: 1, Macronaria indet., compressed cone-chisel-shaped tooth (MG 8779, Ourém) in labial view; 2-3, Macronarian indet., compressed cone-chisel-shaped tooth (MG 27891, Guimarota) in labial (2) and lingual (3) views; 4, Sauropoda indet., middle or posterior caudal vertebra (MG 4811, Albergaria dos Doze) in right view; 5, Diplodocoidea indet., pencil-shaped teeth (MNHNUL.P.AND303, Andrés) in labial view; 6-7, ?Turiasauria indet., heart-shaped tooth (MG 16, Ourém) in lingual (6) and labial (7) views; 8-9, Eusauropoda indet., posterior or middle dorsal neural spine (MNHN.unnumbered, Vermoil) in posterior (8) and anterior (9) views; 10-13, Sauropoda indet., anterior, and middle caudal vertebra from a partial caudal series (MG 4974, Abadia) in posterior (10, 12) and right (11, 13) views; 14, sauropod fossil-site in Junqueira locality (Pombal); 15-18, sauropod material from near Batalha (MG 30389) that might represent an indeterminate diplodocine, middle caudal vertebra in ventral (15) and right (16) views, partial posterior (?) dorsal centrum in right view (17), and partial ischiatic peduncle in lateral view (18). Black scale bar: 10 cm; Gray scale bar: 0.5cm. See Anatomical abbreviations for abbreviations.
FIGURE 6. 1, Geological map of the coastal sector from Foz do Arelho to Nazaré area (located on the Bombarral Sub-basin, and considered part of the Consolação Sub-basin following Taylor et al., 2014) (modified from Zbyszewski and Moitinho de Almeida, 1960; Camarate França and Zbyszewski, 1963; Azerêdo et al., 2010) with the localities yielding fossil remains referred to Sauropoda. 2, Simplified stratigraphy of the Kimmeridgian-Tithonian sequence for the coastal sector from Foz do Arelho to Nazaré sector based on Azerêdo et al. (2010) with the stratigraphic distribution of the main sauropod clades identified in this area. Crn - Chronostratigraphy; *the presence of Turiasauria is only supported by the presence of heart-shaped teeth.
FIGURE 7. Cranial and postcranial sauropod remains from the coastal sector from Foz do Arelho to Nazaré: 1-3, Eusauropod material (MMPM.P/551) found near the São Martinho do Porto locality, middle caudal vertebra in anterior (1) and right (2) views and a partial anterior or middle chevron in posterior view (3); 4-5, ?Turiasauria indet., heart-shaped tooth (MG 4832, São Martinho do Porto) in lingual (4) and labial (5) views; 6-7, ?Turiasauria indet., heart-shaped tooth (SHN 501, Praia da Gralha) in labial (6) and lingual (7) views; 8, Eusauropoda indet., anterior dorsal neural spine (MG 4920, Foz do Arelho) in anterior view; 9-10, ? Macronaria indet., spatulate tooth (SHN 517, Foz do Arelho) in lingual (9) and labial (10) views; 11-13, ?Turiasauria indet., heart-shaped tooth (SHN 508, Serra do Bouro) in lingual (11), labial (12) and distal (13) views; 14-15, ?Turiasauria indet., heart-shaped tooth (SHN 512, Foz do Arelho) in lingual (14) and labial (15) views; 16-17, ?Turiasauria indet., heart-shaped tooth (SHN (JJS) 146, Salir do Porto) in lingual (16) and labial (17) views; 18, Sauropoda indet., middle caudal vertebra (SHN 537, Salir do Porto) in left view. Black scale bar: 5 cm; Grey scale bar: 0.5 cm. See Anatomical abbreviations for abbreviations.
FIGURE 8. 1, Geological map of the Alcobaça, Bombarral and A-dos-Cunhados region (located on the Bombarral Sub-basin, and considered part of the Bombarral-Alcobaça Sub-basin following Taylor et al., 2014) (modified from Camarate França et al., 1960; Zbyszewski and Moitinho de Almeida, 1960; Camarate França and Zbyszewski, 1963; Zbyszewski and Torre de Assunção, 1965; Zbyszewski et al., 1966; Azerêdo et al., 2010) with the localities yielding fossil remains referred to Sauropoda. 2, Simplified stratigraphy of the Kimmeridgian-Tithonian sequence for Bombarral-Alcobaça Sub-basin (stratigraphy based on Kullberg et al., 2006 and Azerêdo et al., 2010) with the stratigraphic distribution of the main sauropod clades identified in this area. Crn - Chronostratigraphy. *the presence of Turiasauria is only supported by the presence of heart-shaped teeth.
FIGURE 9. Cranial and postcranial sauropod remains from the Alcobaça, Bombarral and A-dos-Cunhados region: 1-2, Eusauropoda indet., left astragalus (MMPM.P/75, Imaginário) in proximal (1) and posterior (2 views; 3-4, Diplodocinae indet., middle caudal vertebra (MG 4819, São Gregório da Fanadia) in right (3) and ventral (4) views; 5, Sauropoda indet., anterior caudal vertebra (MG 4804, Salir de Matos) in right view; 6-7, ?Turiasauria indet., heart-shaped tooth (MG 277, Fervença) in labial (6) and lingual (7) views; 8, Diplodocinae indet., middle or posterior dorsal vertebra (ML 418, Moita dos Ferreiros) in posterior view. Black scale bar: 10 cm; Grey scale bar: 0.5cm. See Anatomical abbreviations for abbreviations.
FIGURE 10. 1, Geological map of the Peniche area (located on the Bombarral Sub-basin, and considered part of the Consolação Sub-basin following Taylor et al., 2014) (modified from Camarate França et al., 1960; Zbyszewski and Moitinho de Almeida, 1960; Azerêdo et al., 2010) with the localities yielding fossil remains referred to Sauropoda. 2, Simplified stratigraphy of the Kimmeridgian-Tithonian sequence for the Peniche area based on Manuppella et al. (1999, first column) and Hill (1988, second column) with the stratigraphic distribution of the main sauropod clades identified in this area. 3) Sediments of the Bombarral Formation in the Almagreira Cliffs. Crn - Chronostratigraphy; *the presence of Turiasauria is only supported by the presence of heart-shaped teeth.
FIGURE 11. Cranial and postcranial sauropod remains from the cliffs located on North of Peniche: 1, ?Macronaria indet., partial spatulate tooth (MG 8783, Baleal) in lingual view; 2-3, ?Turiasauria indet., heart-shaped tooth (SHN (JJS) 141, Baleal) in labial (2) and lingual (3) views; 4, Macronaria indet., compressed cone-chisel-shaped tooth (SHN 547, Pedras Muitas) in lingual view; 5-6, Eusauropoda indet., middle (MG 4917) and posterior cervical vertebrae from Pedras Muitas in right (5) and left (6) views, respectively; 7, Macronaria indet., compressed cone-chisel-shaped tooth (SHN 543, Baleal) in lingual view; 8, sacral rib (SHN, 538, Almagreira) in posterior or anterior view; 9, Eusauropoda indet., anterior caudal vertebra (SHN 180, Baleal) in left view; 10, Macronaria indet., right pubis (SHN 526, Almagreira) in lateral view. Black scale bar: 10 cm; Grey scale bar: 1 cm. See Anatomical abbreviations for abbreviations.
FIGURE 12. 1, Geological map of the coastal sector of Praia da Consolação-Lourinhã-Torres Vedras (located on the Bombarral Sub-basin, and considered part of the Consolação Sub-basin following Taylor et al., 2014) (modified from Manuppella et al., 1999) with the localities yielding fossil remains referred to Sauropoda. 2, Simplified stratigraphy of the Kimmeridgian-Tithonian sequence for the coastal sector of Praia da Consolação-Lourinhã-Torres Vedras based on Manuppella et al. (1999, first column) and Hill (1988, second column) with the stratigraphic distribution of the main sauropod clades identified in this area. Crn - Chronostratigraphy. *the presence of Turiasauria is only supported by the presence of heart-shaped teeth and the holotype of Zby atlanticus.
FIGURE 13. Cranial and postcranial sauropod remains from sediments of the Praia da Amoreira-Porto Novo Fm. of the coastal sector of Praia da Consolação-Lourinhã-Torres Vedras: 1-2, ?Turiasauria indet., heart-shaped tooth (SHN (JJS) 142, Praia da Corva) in lingual (1) and labial (2) views; 3-4, ?Macronaria indet., spatulate tooth (SHN 513, Porto Novo) in labial (3) and lingual (4) views; 5-6, Macronaria indet., compressed cone-chisel-shaped tooth (SHN 578, Valmitão) in lingual (5) and labial (6) views; 7-8, Eusauropoda indet., partial left maxilla (SHN 582, Praia dos Frades) in lateral (7) and posterior (8) views; 9, Titanosauriformes indet., posterior caudal vertebra (SHN 523, Praia da Corva) in right view; 10-12, Diplodocinae indet., partial skeleton (SHN (JJS) 177, Valmitão), anterior caudal neural spine in posterior view (10), anterior caudal centrum in right view (11) and left ischium in medial view (12); 13-16, holotype material of Zby atlanticus (ML 368, Vale de Pombas), right ungueal I in lateral view (13), right humerus in anterior view (14), right radius in posterior view (15), right ulna in lateral view (16); 17, Eusauropoda indet., partial distal forked-chevron (SHN 587, Praia da Corva) in medial view; 18, Sauropoda indet., pedal ungueal I (SHN 524, Praia de Pedrogãos) in lateral view; 19-22, Macronarian indet., partial skeleton (SHN 181, Valmitão), right astragalus in proximal view (19), anterior caudal vertebra in anterior view (20), right tibia in lateral view (21) and right fibula in medial view (22); 23-24, Eusauropoda indet., partial skeleton (SHN 530, Praia da Corva), anterior chevron in anterior view (23) and anterior caudal vertebra in posterior view (24); 25, cf. Duriatitan humerocristatus, humerus (MG 4976, Praia dos Frades) in anterior view; 26, Sauropoda indet., partial skeleton (SHN 534, Santa Rita), middle chevron in posterior view; 27, Diplodocidae indet., partial skeleton (SHN (JJS) 179, Praia Vermelha), dorsal/caudal (?) neural spine in posterior view; 28-30, holotype material of Dinheirosaurus lourinhanensis (ML 414, Porto Dinheiro), proximal end of a dorsal rib in anterior view (28), anterior caudal neural spine in posterior view (29) and articulated dorsal vertebrae in right view (30). Black scale bar: 10 cm; Grey scale bar: 5 cm; Brown scale bar: 1 cm. See Anatomical abbreviations for abbreviations.
FIGURE 14. 1,Dinheirosaurus lourinhanensis dorsal series (ML 414) in Porto Dinheiro with the palaeontologist Pedro Dantas in 1991. 2-3, A partial skeleton in the field (SHN 534) collected in Santa Rita, including a partial tail, in 2003 (2) and several appendicular bones, in 2009 (3).
FIGURE 15. Cranial and postcranial sauropod remains from sediments of the Sobral Fm. and Bombarral Fm. of the coastal sector of Praia da Consolação-Lourinhã-Torres Vedras: 1-2, ?Macronaria indet., spatulate tooth (SHN 122, Peralta) in labial (1) and lingual (2) views; 3-6, Macronaria indet., compressed cone-chisel-shaped teeth (SHN 550 and 551, Peralta) in labial (3, 5) and lingual (4, 6) views; 7, Sauropoda indet., left dorsal transverse process (MG 8809, Atalaia) in dorsal view; 8, Eusauropoda indet., anterior caudal vertebra (MNHNUL.P.R27) in posterior view (Praia da Areia Branca); 9-14, lectotype material of Lusotitan atalaiensis (Peralta), anterior caudal vertebra MG 4985-2 (11) and MG 4985-4 (9) in posterior view, left astragalus (MG 4803) in posterior view (10), right humerus (MG 4989) in anterior view (12), right radius (MG 4958) in anterior view (13), right tibia (MG 4981) in posterior view (14); 15, Titanosauriformes indet., a proximal end of left femur (MG 4986, Praia da Areia Branca) in anterior view; 16-19, Eusauropoda indet., partial tail (GeoFCUL(AB), Areia Branca), middle chevron in posterior view (16), middle caudal vertebra GeoFCUL(AB) 22 in anterior view (17), GeoFCUL(AB) 21 in left view (18), GeoFCUL(AB) 20 in posterior view (19). Black scale bar: 10 cm; Grey scale bar: 1 cm. See Anatomical abbreviations for abbreviations.
FIGURE 16. 1, Geological map of Arruda Sub-basin (modified Zbyszewski and Torre de Assunção, 1965; Zbyszewski et al., 1966) with the localities yielding fossil remains referred to Sauropoda. 2, Simplified stratigraphy of the Kimmeridgian-Tithonian sequence for Arruda Sub-basin based on Kullberg et al. (2006) with the stratigraphic distribution of the main sauropod clades identified in this area. Crn - Chronostratigraphy.
FIGURE 17. Postcranial sauropod remains from the Arruda Sub-basin: 1-6 and 8-17, lectotype material of Lourinhasaurus alenquerensis (Moinho do Carmo), middle-to-posterior cervical centrum (MG 30373) in left view (1), fused sacral neural spines (MG 30376) in left view (2), dorsal centrum (MG 4956) in left view (3), anterior caudal neural spine (MG 30374) in posterior (4) and anterior (5) views, anterior caudal centrum (MG 4956) in anterior view (6), middle dorsal neural spine (MG 30384) in posterior view (8), left ischium (MG 4957) in lateral view (9), posterior cervical neural spine (MG 30379) in right view (10), left scapula and coracoids (MG 5780) in lateral view (11), left astragalus (MG 30375) in proximal view (12), left pubis (MG 4970) in lateral view (13), left tibia (MG 4983) in anterior view (14), left fibula (MG 4984) in lateral view (15), left humerus (MG 2) in anterior view (16) and left femur (MG 4931) in posterior view (17); 7, Neosauropoda indet., partial dorsal centrum (MG 4799, Castanheira) in right view. Black scale bar: 10 cm. See Anatomical abbreviations for abbreviations.
FIGURE 18. 1, Simplified stratigraphy of the Kimmeridgian-Tithonian sequence for Turcifal Sub-basin based on Pereda-Suberbiola et al. (2005), Kullberg et al. (2006) and Schneider et al. (2009) with the stratigraphic distribution of the main sauropod clades identified in this area. 2, Geological map of Turcifal Sub-basin (modified from Zbyszewski et al., 1955) with the localities yielding fossil remains referred to Sauropoda. Crn - Chronostratigraphy; *the presence of Turiasauria is only supported by the presence of heart-shaped teeth.
FIGURE 19. Cranial and postcranial sauropod remains from the Turcifal Sub-basin: 1-2, ?Turiasauria, heart-shaped tooth (SHN (JJS) 140, Cambelas) in labial (1) and lingual (2) views; 3-4, Macronaria indet., compressed cone-chisel-shaped tooth (SHN 580, Assenta) in lingual (3) and labial (4) views; 5, ?Macronaria indet., spatulate tooth (SHN 519, South of Foz do Sizandro) in lingual view; 6, Eusauropoda indet., middle cervical vertebra (SHN 528, Porto Barril) with camellae tissue bone (sensu Wedel, 2003); 7-8, ?Camarasauridae indet., anterior caudal neural spine (SHN 529, Cambelas) in left (7) and anterior (8) views; 9, Sauropoda indet., right tibia (SHN 527, Cambelas) in proximal view; 10, Sauropoda indet., middle caudal vertebra (MG 4802, Santa Cruz) in right view; 11-12, partial distal end of a ?left tibia (MG 8803, Serra da Vila) in anterior (11) and distal (12) views; 13, humerus distal end (SHN 584, Assenta) in anterior view; 14, cf. Lusotitan atalaiensis, middle caudal vertebra (MG 8804, Maceira) in right view; 15-16, Sauropoda indet., partial skeleton (SHN, 532, Ponte de Rol), posterior caudal vertebra in left view (15) and distal end of a right femur in anterior (16) views; 17-19, Diplodocidae indet., partial skeleton (SHN (JJS) 178, Cambelas), sacral neural spines in anterior (17) and left (18) views and right femur in anterior (19) view. Black scale bar: 10 cm; Grey scale bar: 1 cm. See Anatomical abbreviations for abbreviations.
FIGURE 20. Dorsal vertebrae in the field of a partial skeleton (SHN 531) collected in Casal da Costa (Cambelas) in 2003, and correspond to a member of Camarasauridae clade.
