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TABLE 1. Measurements of the upper dentition. Asterisk indicates the measurements are based on the alveoli of the tooth. Length is mesiodistal length. Width is buccolingual length. ~, indicates an approximate measurement based on fragmentary material. See methods for definitions of these measurements.

Taxon Specimen Tooth Length Width
Apterodon macrognathus DPC 4126 dP3* 10.8 4.9
    dP4 15.6 9.0
Leakitherium hiwegi KNM-RU 2949 dP3 15.4 10.8
    dP4 16.7 13.4
Leakitherium hiwegi KNM-RU 15182 dP3 15.2 14.0
    dP4 ~16.5 17.5
Anasinopa leakeyi KNM-RU 2385 dP2 9.0 3.7
    dP3 9.6 6.7
    dP4 10.2 9.2
Dissopsalis pyroclasticus KNM-FT 3357 dP3 15.4 9.2
    dP4 15.6 13.4
    M1* 15.5 16.0
Masrasector nananubis DPC 20882 dP3 4.8 ~3.0
    dP4 4.4 2.7
Masrasector nananubis DPC 13837 dP3 5.0 3.0
    dP4 5.0 3.4
    M1 5.7 4.5
Metasinopa sp. DPC 10199 dP3 10.5 5.1
    dP4 10.9 7.1
    M1 12.5 11.7

 

TABLE 2. Measurements of the lower dentition. Asterisk indicates the measurements are based on the alveoli of the tooth. Length is mesiodistal length. Width is buccolingual length. ~, indicates an approximate measurement based on fragmentary material. See methods for definitions of these measurements.

Taxon Specimen Tooth Length Width
Apterodon macrognathus DPC 8217 dP3 11.7 3.8
    dP4 15.7 4.9
    M1 14.0 6.5
Anasinopa libyca BMNH M82378 dP3 9.9 2.2
    dP4 11.7 3.6
Masrasector nananubis DPC 10358 dP3 5.2 1.6
    dP4 5.0 2.2
    M1 4.7 2.6
    M2 5.6 3.3
Masrasector nananubis DPC 18276 dP2 3.9 1.5
    dP3 5.1 1.6
    dP4 4.7 1.8
Metasinopa sp. DPC 4544 P2 9.2 2.4
    dP3* 12.0 2.6
    dP4* 10.4 3.0
    M1 10.6 4.7
    M2 12.6 5.2
    M3 ~13.82 4.3

 

TABLE 3. Dental eruption sequences of Hyaenodonta and Ferae. Upper and lower eruption sequences are separated for this study because no hyainailouroid specimen directly reveals the relationship between the timing of eruption in the upper and lower dentition. Sequence reads from left to right with m-dashes identifying subsequent events. Tooth positions contained in parentheses are unknown. Tooth positions with an asterisk are variable within the group. Note that taxa listed in “Group” are not all the same taxonomic level.

Group Eruption of Upper dentition Eruption of lower dentition Reference
Hyainailouroidea synthesis M1-M2- M3-P4 or P3 (P2, C) M1-M2-P-P3-M3-P4-C This study
Apterodon macrognathus   M1-M2 This study
Masrasector nananubis M1-?-?-P3-P4 M1-M2-P2-P3-M3-P4-C This study
Metasinopa   M1-M2-P2-P3-M3-P4-C This study
Brychotherium ephalmos M1-M2-M3-P4   This study
Leakitherium hiwegi ?P4-P3   This study
North American Hyaenodon M1-I- P2-P4-M 2-P3-C M1-M2-I-P2-P4-M3-P3-C Bastl and Nagel, 2013
European Hyaenodon M 1-P1-I- P2-P 4-M2-P3-C M1-P1-M2-I-P2-C, P3, M3-P4 Bastl and Nagel, 2013
Lesmesodon I-P1-M1-M2-C- P 2 I-P1-M1-M2-C-P2 Morlo and Habersetzer, 1999
Oxyaena woutersi   M1-P4-P2-P 3 (M2) Solé et al., 2011
Didymictis protenus M1-P2 /P3 /P4 P2 /M1 /M2-P3 /P4 Zack, 2012
Viverridae M1-P4-P2 *- P3-M2* M1-M2-P2 *-P3-P4 Slaughter et al., 1974
Felidae P2 / M1-P4-P3 M 1-P 4-P 3 Slaughter et al., 1974
Mustelidae M1-P4-P2-P3 M1-M2-P2*-P3-P4 Slaughter et al., 1974
Canidae M1-M2-P4-P2-P3 M1 /M 2-M3*-P2*-P4-P3 Slaughter et al., 1974