TABLE 1. Univariate statistics for anteroposterior tooth length (mm) of specimens listed in Appendix 3. n = number of specimens, Mean = arithmetic mean, StDev = standard deviation, CV = coefficient of variation expressed as a percentage.
| Taxon | n | Mean | StdDev | CV (%) |
| L. latifrons | 177 | 9.4 | 1.0 | 10.4 |
| N. boodjamullensis | 10 | 7.1 | 0.6 | 8.7 |
| P. cinereus | 621 | 7.5 | 0.5 | 6.3 |
| P. gigas | 45 | 22.6 | 2.6 | 11.5 |
| R. magna | 16 | 19.6 | 2.0 | 10.1 |
| S. medius | 25 | 13.7 | 0.9 | 6.8 |
| V. ursinus | 236 | 10.4 | 1.1 | 10.3 |
| W. encorensis | 18 | 9.3 | 1.2 | 12.7 |
| W. wakefieldi | 21 | 7.2 | 0.9 | 12.4 |
| R. crowcrofti | 15 | 13.7 | 1.0 | 7.4 |
| R. ngangaba | 7 | 11.6 | 0.7 | 6.2 |
| Specimens from BaD | 4 | 11.5 | 1.0 | 8.9 |
| Specimens from BR | 2 | 12.6 | 0.3 | 2.2 |
| R. crowcrofti and R. ngangaba combined | 22 | 13.0 | 1.4 | 10.6 |
| R. crowcrofti from COA only | 11 | 13.7 | 0.9 | 6.4 |
| R. crowcrofti and specimens from BR combined | 17 | 13.6 | 1.0 | 7.6 |
| R. crowcrofti and specimens from BaD combined | 19 | 13.3 | 1.4 | 10.2 |
| R. crowcrofti and QM F23763 combined | 16 | 13.7 | 1.0 | 7.4 |
| R. ngangaba and specimens from BR combined | 9 | 11.8 | 0.8 | 6.6 |
| R. ngangaba and specimens from BaD combined | 11 | 11.6 | 0.8 | 6.8 |
| R. ngangaba and QM F23763 combined | 8 | 11.7 | 0.8 | 7.0 |
TABLE 2. Body weight estimates for a range of taxa based on third molar area using the ‘Diprotodontians only’ data set in Myers (2001). The 3UMA and 3LMA equations were used for upper and lower molars, respectively. n = number of measurements used in calculation.
| Taxon | Tooth position | n | Body weight estimate | Notes | ||
| Min (kg) | Max (kg) | Average (kg) | ||||
| L. latifrons | m2-3 | 14 | 10 | 27 | 19 | Very low estimate based on this sample. Expected body weight for L. latifrons is 17.5-36 kg (Taggart and Temple-Smith, 2008). |
| M2-3 | 11 | 11 | 27 | 16 | ||
| N. boodjamullensis | M2-3 | 4 | 6 | 10 | 8 | |
| P. cinereus | m2-3 | 172 | 4 | 11 | 7 | Expected body weight is 4.1-14.9 kg (Martin et al., 2008), although Myers (2001) gives 5-6 kg. |
| M2-3 | 139 | 7 | 17 | 11 | ||
| P. gigas | m2-3 | 6 | 216 | 300 | 255 | |
| M2-3 | 2 | 191 | 254 | 223 | ||
| R. lemleyi | m2-3 | 2 | 147 | 165 | 156 | |
| R. crowcrofti | m2-3 | 5 | 48 | 63 | 54 | Around 50 kg. About double the size of modern wombats. |
| M2-3 | 4 | 36 | 68 | 51 | ||
| R. ngangaba | m2-3 | 1 | 25 | 25 | 25 | Half the weight of R. crowcrofti, similar in size to modern wombats. |
| M2-3 | 1 | 25 | 25 | 25 | ||
| V. ursinus | m2-3 | 17 | 14 | 34 | 22 | Expected body weight for V. ursinus is 22-39 kg (McIlroy, 2008), excluding Tasmanian and Flinders Island forms (which were included in this sample). |
| M2-3 | 12 | 13 | 24 | 18 | ||
| W. encorensis | m2-3 | 6 | 12 | 28 | 19 | Considering the underestimates for modern wombats (which are similar in size and morphology), this could also be an underestimate. |
| M2-3 | 6 | 13 | 19 | 16 | ||
| W. wakefieldi | m2-3 | 5 | 7 | 11 | 9 | |
| M2-3 | 5 | 5 | 8 | 7 | ||
| S. medius | m3 | 3 | 37 | 41 | 39 | Using 3LML equation, as don't have widths. |
TABLE 3. Estimated ontogenetic stages for Rhizophascolonus specimens. Wear stage for each tooth corresponds to 1 = developing, 2 = erupting, 3 = in occlusion but with little or no wear and 4=noticeable wear. Ontogenetic stage is modified from Black et al., 2010. Age and life stage are based on Green and Rainbird, 1987 and Triggs, 2009 for V. ursinus, Taggart et al., 2007 for L. latifrons and Blanshard, 1990 for P. cinereus. * = based on P. cinereus.
| Specimen number | Site | Taxon | Tooth position | Wear stage | Ontogenetic stage |
Approximate age |
Early life stage |
| QM F57959 | COA | R. crowcrofti | MX | 4 | At least stage IV | > 8 months | |
| QM F57960 | COA | R. crowcrofti | mx | 4 | At least stage IV | > 8 months | |
| QM F57963 | COA | R. crowcrofti | MX | 4 | At least stage IV | > 8 months | |
| QM F12452 | COA | R. crowcrofti | mx | 3 | At least stage IV | If m3 = 10-12 months; If m4 = older than 12 months* | |
| QM F20706 | CS | R. ngangaba | MX | (1 to)2 | Late II to III (depending on whether M2 or M3) | 6-8 months | In and out of pouch, still suckles, at least occasionally |
| QM F57967 | CS | R. ngangaba | m1 | 3 | II | 5-7 months | Suckling pouch young, starts to venture out of pouch occasionally |
| QM F23772 | CS | R. ngangaba | M1 | 3 | II | 5-7 months | Suckling pouch young, starts to venture out of pouch occasionally |
| QM F57968 | GGS | R. ngangaba | mx | 2 (to 3) | Late II to III (depending on whether m2 or m3) | 6-8 months | In and out of pouch, still suckles, at least occasionally |
| QM F23765 | Upper | R. ngangaba | M1 | 2 to 3 | Early II | 5-6 months | Suckling pouch young, first emergence from pouch |
| QM F23769 | CS | R. ngangaba | mx | 2 to 3 | Late II to III (depending on whether m2 or m3) | 6-8 months | In and out of pouch, still suckles, at least occasionally |
| QM F23764 | Upper | R. ngangaba | m1 | 3 | II | 5-7 months | Suckling pouch young, first emergence from pouch |
| QM F23768 | Upper | R. ngangaba | mx | 3 | Late II to III (depending on whether m2 or m3) | 6-8 months | In and out of pouch, still suckles, at least occasionally |
| QM F23903 | CS | R. ngangaba | P3 | 3 (to 4) | III | 7-8 months | At foot, occasionally suckles |
| QM F23763 | Upper | Rhizophascolonus sp. | mx | 2 | If m3 = III; If m4 = at least stage IV | > 7 months | |
| QM F57966 | COA | Rhizophascolonus sp. | p3 or dp3 | 3 (to 4) | If dp3 = I to early II; If p3 = late II or early III | If dp3 = < 6 months; If p3 = 6-8 months | Suckling pouch young |
