TABLE 1. Dimensions (in mm) of mandible and lower teeth of Sorex subaraneus from Poland and Germany.
Sorex subaraneus | ||||||||||||
Kadzielnia 1, Elary Pleistocene Przymiłowice 3A, Early Pleistocene Kozi Grzbiet, Elary/Middle Pleistocene Rębielice Królewskie 4, Middle Pleistocene Poland |
Erpfingen, Middle Pleistocene (measured by Dr L. Maul) Germany |
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Min | X | Max. | N | sd | cv | Min. | X | Max. | N | sd | cv | |
i1 L i1 W |
3.37 0.71 |
3.52 0.85 |
3.66 0.94 |
18 37 |
0.09 0.05 |
2.56 5.88 |
- - |
- - |
- - |
- - |
- - |
- - |
a1 L (bucc.) | 0.82 | 0.95 | 1.05 | 14 | 0.06 | 6.32 | - | - | - | - | - | - |
p4 L p4 W |
0.89 0.65 |
1.03 0.73 |
1.14 0.80 |
34 32 |
0.06 0.04 |
5.82 5.48 |
0.93 0.69 |
0.96 0.71 |
0.99 0.73 |
2
2 |
- - |
- - |
m1 L m1 W |
1.35 0.80 |
1.43 0.85 |
1.49 0.98 |
60 61 |
0.03 0.03 |
2.10 3.53 |
1.41 0.82 |
1.55 0.86 |
1.66 0.93 |
7
7 |
0.09 0.03 |
5.81 3.49 |
m2 L m2 W |
1.18 0.73 |
1.25 0.78 |
1.30 0.87 |
46 45 |
0.03 0.03 |
2.40 3.85 |
1.25 0.75 |
1.33 0.79 |
1.40 0.86 |
5
5 |
- - |
- - |
m3 L m3 W |
0.95 0.56 |
1.04 0.62 |
1.11 0.67 |
27 27 |
0.04 0.03 |
3.85 4.84 |
0.99 0.64 |
1.04 0.68 |
1.13 0.78 |
4
4 |
- - |
- - |
m1-m3 L | 3.57 | 3.66 | 3.78 | 16 | 0.06 | 1.64 | 3.52 | 3.66 | 3.80 | 4 | - | - |
m1-m3 L (alveol.) | 3.21 | 3.32 | 3.48 | 7 | 0.11 | 3.31 | 3.12 | 3.35 | 3.70 | 15 | 0.17 | 5.07 |
H of mandible below m2 | 1.15 | 1.24 | 1.33 | 48 | 0.05 | 4.03 | - | - | - | - | - | - |
H of ascending ramus | 3.80 | 4.21 | 4.54 | 18 | 0.19 | 4.51 | 4.01 | 4.32 | 4.64 | 18 | 0.13 | 3.01 |
W of coronoid process | 0.70 | 0.88 | 1.00 | 19 | 0.07 | 7.95 | - | - | - | - | - | - |
H of condyloid process | 1.57 | 1.72 | 1.87 | 5 | 0.12 | 6.98 | 1.44 | 1.65 | 1.84 | 17 | 0.10 | 6.06 |
W of interarticular area | 0.50 | 0.57 | 0.66 | 12 | 0.05 | 8.77 | - | - | - | - | - | - |
TABLE 2. Comparison of dimensions (in mm) of Sorex runtonensis from Poland and Sorex subaraneus from Poland and Germany with Sorex satunini from Russia.
S. runtonensis | S. subaraneus | S. subaraneus | S. satunini | S. satunini | ||||||||||||||||
Kozi Grzbiet Poland Early/Middle Pleistocene |
Kozi Grzbiet Poland Early/Middle Pleistocene |
Erpfingen Germany Middle Pleistocene (measured by Dr L. Maul) |
Treugolnaya Cave Northern Caucasus Russia Middle Pleistocene Zaitsev and Baryshnikov (2002) |
Northern Caucasus Russia recent Zaitsev and Baryshnikov (2002) |
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Min. | X | Max. | N | Min. | X | Max. | N | Min. | X | Max. | N | Min. | X | Max. | N | in. | X | Max. | N | |
i1 L | 3.21 | 3.39 | 3.56 | 11 | 3.37 | 3.52 | 3.66 | 17 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 3.60 | 3.72 | 3.90 | 14 |
a1 L (buc.) | 0.84 | 0.87 | 0.88 | 4 | 0.82 | 0.94 | 1.05 | 12 | - | - | - | - | 1.00 | 1.07 | 1.10 | 3 | 0.85 | 1.00 | 1.05 | 14 |
m1 L | 1.30 | 1.36 | 1.43 | 39 | 1.35 | 1.43 | 1.49 | 56 | 1.41 | 1.45 | 1.66 | 7 | 1.45 | 1.48 | 1.50 | 4 | 1.40 | 1.45 | 1.50 | 14 |
m1-m3 L | 3.40 | 3.49 | 3.59 | 16 | 3.57 | 3.69 | 3.95 | 16 | 3.52 | 3.66 | 3.80 | 4 | 3.80 | 3.65 | 3.74 | 3.85 | 14 | |||
H of mandible below m2 | 1.03 | 1.12 | 1.22 | 39 | 1.12 | 1.24 | 1.33 | 42 | - | - | - | - | 1.25 | 1.29 | 1.35 | 4 | 1.15 | 1.28 | 1.35 | 14 |
H of ascending ramus | 3.66 | 3.89 | 4.21 | 7 | 3.94 | 4.21 | 4.54 | 15 | 4.01 | 4.32 | 4.64 | 18 | 4.35 | - | 4.40 | 2 | 4.20 | 4.41 | 4.60 | 14 |
W of coronoid process | 0.70 | 0.77 | 0.88 | 8 | 0.79 | 0.88 | 1.00 | 16 | - | - | - | - | 1.00 | 1.03 | 1.05 | 2 | 0.90 | 1.01 | 1.10 | 14 |
W of interarticular area | 0.45 | 0.52 | 0.56 | 6 | 0.52 | 0.58 | 0.66 | 11 | - | - | - | - | - | 0.65 | - | 2 | 0.65 | 0.68 | 0.75 | 14 |
TABLE 3. Position of a1 in comparison with other teeth (L in mm, Zaitsev and Baryshnikov, 2002).
Sorex araneus | Sorex araneus | Sorex subaraneus | Sorex runtonensis | Sorex runtonensis | ||||||||||||||||
Obłazowa Cave | Kozi Grzbiet | Zalesiaki 1A | Obłazowa Cave | |||||||||||||||||
recent | Late Pleistocene/Holocene | Early/Middle Pleistocene | Early Pleistocene | Late Pleistocene/Holocene | ||||||||||||||||
Kozi Grzbiet | ||||||||||||||||||||
Early/Middle Pleistocene | ||||||||||||||||||||
Min. | X | Max. | N | Min. | X | Max. | N | Min. | X | Max. | N | Min. | X | Max. | N | Min. | X | Max. | N | |
L between the posterior edges of a1 and i1 (bucc.) | 0.08 | 0.19 | 0.30 | 30 | 0.03 | 0.19 | 0.31 | 16 | 0.14 | 0.21 | 0.26 | 7 | 0.25 | 0.30 | 0.37 | 5 | 0.25 | 0.37 | 0.40 | 13 |
L between the posterior edge of i1 and the anterior edge of the paraconid of m1 (bucc.) | 0.21 | 0.35 | 0.53 | 30 | 0.21 | 0.36 | 0.55 | 16 | 0.21 | 0.27 | 0.35 | 8 | 0.10 | 0.14 | 0.18 | 5 | 0.04 | 0.15 | 0.24 | 13 |
TABLE 4. Comparison of dimensions (in mm) of Sorex subaraneus and Sorex runtonensis from Poland.
Sorex runtonensis | Sorex subaraneus | Sorex runtonensis | ||||||||||||||||
Kozi Grzbiet Early/Middle Pleistocene |
Kozi Grzbiet Early/Middle Pleistocene |
Raj Cave (ls. 1-10), Krucza Skała Rock Shelter (ls. 1-8 and I-V), Late Pleistocene, Komarowa Cave, Late Pleistocene/Holocene |
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Min. | X | Max. | N | sd | cv | Min | X | Max. | N | sd | cv | Min. | X | Max. | N | sd | cv | |
i1 L i1 W |
3.21 0.74 |
3.39 0.78 |
3.56 0.82 |
11 14 |
0.11 0.03 |
3.24 3.85 |
3.37 0.71 |
3.52 0.84 |
3.66 0.93 |
17 35 |
0.10 0.04 |
2.84 4.76 |
3.45 0.75 |
3.58 0.83 |
3.90 0.90 |
6 7 |
- 0.06 |
- 7.23 |
a1 L (buccal) | 0.84 | 0.87 | 0.88 | 4 | - | - | 0.82 | 0.94 | 1.05 | 12 | 0.06 | 6.38 | 0.94 | 0.99 | 1.08 | 4 | - | - |
p4 L p4 W |
0.78 0.58 |
0.98 0.69 |
1.05 0.75 |
15 15 |
0.07 0.05 |
7.14 7.25 |
0.89 0.65 |
1.02 0.72 |
1.14 0.80 |
33 31 |
0.05 0.04 |
4.90 5.56 |
0.94 0.67 |
1.04 0.72 |
1.10 0.78 |
14 13 |
0.05 0.04 |
4.81 5.55 |
m1 L m1 W |
1.30 0.75 |
1.36 0.81 |
1.43 0.87 |
39 39 |
0.03 0.03 |
2.21 3.70 |
1.35 0.80 |
1.43 0.85 |
1.49 0.98 |
56 57 |
0.03 0.03 |
3.00 3.53 |
1.32 0.78 |
1.41 0.84 |
1.46 0.93 |
26 26 |
0.03 0.03 |
2.13 3.57 |
m2 L m2 W |
1.14 0.68 |
1.20 0.75 |
1.25 0.81 |
39 39 |
0.03 0.03 |
2.50 4.00 |
1.18 0.73 |
1.25 0.78 |
1.30 0.87 |
40 39 |
0.03 0.03 |
2.40 3.85 |
1.16 0.69 |
1.23 0.76 |
1.35 0.84 |
20 20 |
0.04 0.04 |
3.25 5.26 |
m3 L m3 W |
0.91 0.56 |
0.99 0.59 |
1.05 0.63 |
20 20 |
0.03 0.02 |
3.03 3.39 |
0.95 0.56 |
1.04 0.62 |
1.11 0.67 |
23 23 |
0.04 0.04 |
3.85 4.84 |
0.91 0.57 |
1.01 0.60 |
1.06 0.63 |
11 11 |
0.04 0.02 |
3.96 3.33 |
m1-m3 L | 3.40 | 3.49 | 3.59 | 16 | 0.05 | 1.43 | 3.57 | 3.69 | 3.95 | 16 | 0.10 | 2.71 | 3.53 | 3.63 | 3.72 | 9 | 0.06 | 1.65 |
m1-m3 L(alveol.) | 3.23 | 3.27 | 3.31 | 7 | 0.03 | 0.92 | 3.21 | 3.32 | 3.48 | 7 | 0.11 | 3.31 | 3.16 | 3.38 | 3.66 | 23 | 0.14 | 4.14 |
H of mandible below m2 | 1.03 | 1.12 | 1.22 | 39 | 0.05 | 4.46 | 1.12 | 1.24 | 1.33 | 42 | 0.05 | 4.03 | 1.14 | 1.25 | 1.36 | 35 | 0.05 | 4.00 |
H of ascending ramus | 3.66 | 3.89 | 4.21 | 7 | 0.18 | 4.63 | 3.94 | 4.21 | 4.54 | 15 | 0.16 | 3.80 | 3.90 | 4.17 | 4.42 | 31 | 0.12 | 2.88 |
W of coronoid process | 0.70 | 0.77 | 0.88 | 8 | 0.07 | 9.09 | 0.79 | 0.88 | 1.00 | 16 | 0,06 | 6.82 | 0.76 | 0.88 | 1.01 | 32 | 0.07 | 7.95 |
H of condyloid process | 1.57 | 1.68 | 1.74 | 4 | - | - | 1.57 | 1.72 | 1.87 | 5 | - | - | 1.64 | 1.82 | 1.99 | 20 | 0.11 | 6.04 |
W of interarticular area | 0.45 | 0.52 | 0.56 | 6 | - | - | 0.52 | 0.58 | 0.66 | 11 | 0.04 | 6.90 | 0.51 | 0.59 | 0.69 | 30 | 0.05 | 8.47 |
TABLE 5. Dimensions (in mm) of mandible and lower teeth of fossil and recent Sorex araneus from Poland.
Sorex araneus | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Nietoperzowa Cave, ls. 15-14
late Middle Pleistocene |
Puchacza Skała Cave III, Borsuka Cave, Raj Cave (ls. 1-10), Obłazowa Cave 2, Krucza Skała Rock Shelter (ls. 1-8 and I-V), Koziarnia Cave (ls. 3-19), Nietoperzowa Cave (ls. 8-9 and 13), Żytnia Skała Cave 1, Mamutowa Cave 1 and 2 and Komarowa Cave (l. Ftx)
Late Pleistocene |
Józefów, Raj Cave (l. 11), Nad Mosurem Starym Duża Cave, Duża Cave at Mączna Skała (l. 3), Żytnia Skała Cave, Puchacza Skała Cave I, Borsuka Cave
Holocene |
Poland
recent |
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Min. | X | Max. | N | sd | cv | Min. | X | Max. | N | sd | cv | Min. | X | Max. | N | sd | cv | Min. | X | Max. | N | sd | cv | |
i1 L i1 W |
- - |
- 0.92 |
- | - 1 |
- - |
- - |
3.43 0.79 |
3.83 0.91 |
4.14 1.04 |
33 63 |
0.16 0.05 |
4.18 5.49 |
3.61 0.82 |
3.85 0.92 |
4.07 1.03 |
19 36 |
0.15 0.05 |
3.90 5.43 |
3. 53 0. 81 |
3.81 0.89 |
4.16 1.02 |
39 50 |
0. 15 0. 04 |
3.94 4.49 |
a1 L(bucc.) | - | 1.02 | - | 1 | - | - | 0.92 | 1.05 | 1.16 | 31 | 0.06 | 5.71 | 0.93 | 1.05 | 1.14 | 16 | 0.06 | 5.71 | 0. 92 | 1.03 | 1.14 | 49 | 0.05 | 4.85 |
p4 L p4 W |
1.12 0.75 |
1.16 0.79 |
1.20 0.84 |
6 6 |
- - |
- - |
1.02 0.68 |
1.17 0.82 |
1.31 1.03 |
107 106 |
0.07 0.06 |
5.98 7.32 |
1.05 0.69 |
1.19 0.80 |
1.32 0.92 |
51 51 |
0.05 0.05 |
4.20 6.25 |
1. 03 0. 67 |
1.14 0.73 |
1.25 0. 80 |
50 46 |
0. 05 0. 03 |
4.39 4.11 |
m1 L m1 W |
1.46 0.87 |
1.54 0.91 |
1.58 0.97 |
13 12 |
0.04 0.03 |
2.60 3.30 |
1.39 0.74 |
1.56 0.92 |
1.69 1.07 |
215 218 |
0.06 0.04 |
3.85 4.30 |
1.39 0.82 |
1.56 0.91 |
1.69 1.05 |
70 70 |
0.05 0.05 |
3.20 5.49 |
1. 45 0. 85 |
1.53 0.89 |
1. 65 0.96 |
50 50 |
0. 04 0. 03 |
2.61 3.37 |
m2 L m2 W |
1.28 0.79 |
1.32 0.82 |
1.38 0.84 |
7 7 |
0.04 0.02 |
3.03 2.44 |
1.19 0.72 |
1.30 0.83 |
1.42 0.96 |
194 197 |
0.04 0.04 |
3.08 4.82 |
1.23 0.73 |
1.31 0.82 |
1.39 0.89 |
65 66 |
0.03 0.04 |
2.29 4.88 |
1. 22 0. 73 |
1.28 0.81 |
1.36 0.87 |
49 49 |
0.03 0.03 |
2.34 3.70 |
m3 L m3 W |
- - |
- - |
- - |
- - |
- - |
- - |
0.95 0.52 |
1.06 0.64 |
1.17 0.73 |
77 79 |
0.05 0.04 |
4.72 6.25 |
0.97 0.58 |
1.05 0.63 |
1.12 0.71 |
40 40 |
0.04 0.03 |
3.81 4.76 |
0. 97 0.58 |
1.05 0.64 |
1.14 0.76 |
46 46 |
0.04 0.03 |
3.81 4.69 |
m1-m3 L | - | - | - | - | - | - | 3.53 | 3.88 | 4.12 | 56 | 0.11 | 4.12 | 3.71 | 3.86 | 4.03 | 31 | 0.08 | 2.07 | 3. 65 | 3.82 | 4. 05 | 46 | 0.09 | 2.36 |
m1-m3 L(alveo) | 3.56 | 3.65 | 3.75 | 7 | 0.06 | 1.64 | 3.45 | 3.56 | 3.71 | 21 | 0.07 | 3.45 | 3.63 | 3.75 | 19 | 0.08 | 2.20 | 3.46 | 3.63 | 3.77 | 48 | 0.08 | 2.20 | |
H of mandible below m2 | 1.30 | 1.40 | 1.57 | 13 | 0.07 | 5.00 | 1.23 | 1.41 | 1.66 | 285 | 0.08 | 5.67 | 1.20 | 1.40 | 1.57 | 84 | 0.07 | 5.00 | 1. 22 | 1. 35 | 1. 54 | 50 | 0. 07 | 5. 18 |
H of ascending ramus | 4.52 | 4.58 | 4.66 | 4 | - | - | 4.28 | 4.62 | 5.06 | 94 | 0.45 | 9.74 | 4.38 | 4.72 | 4.94 | 43 | 0.11 | 2.33 | 4. 30 | 4. 58 | 4. 85 | 47 | 0. 12 | 2. 62 |
W of coronoid process | 0.99 | 1.05 | 1.14 | 5 | - | - | 0.86 | 1.08 | 1.30 | 122 | 0.09 | 8.33 | 0.96 | 1.08 | 1.22 | 49 | 0.07 | 6.48 | 0. 91 | 1. 05 | 1. 28 | 49 | 0. 08 | 7. 62 |
H of condyloid process | 1.80 | 1.85 | 1.91 | 2 | - | - | 1.62 | 1.83 | 2.05 | 82 | 0.10 | 5.46 | 1.58 | 1.84 | 2.01 | 38 | 0.10 | 5.43 | 1. 61 | 1. 86 | 2. 03 | 49 | 0. 08 | 4. 30 |
W interarticular area | 0.66 | 0.69 | 0.73 | 6 | - | - | 0.54 | 0.69 | 0.87 | 121 | 0.06 | 8.70 | 0.59 | 0.71 | 0.81 | 47 | 0.05 | 7.04 | 0.59 | 0.69 | 0.84 | 48 | 0.06 | 8.70 |