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TABLE 1. Measurements (in millimeters) of Winnicavis gorskii gen. et sp. nov., holotype, specimen ISEA AF/WIN2a+b from Winnica, Poland, early Oligocene compared with those of all Oligocene passerine and zygodactylid birds. Abbreviations: cmc - carpometacarpus, hum - humerus. Letters in superscript indicate publications that were checked for measurements. a - Bochenski et al. (2011); b - Bochenski et al. (2013); c - Mayr and Manegold (2004); d - Mayr and Manegold (2006a); e - Weidig (2010); f - Mayr (1998). Asterisk (*) indicates arithmetic mean of left and right bone.

Species Number hum ulna cmc hum/ulna hum/cmc
Winnicavis gorskii gen. et sp. nov. ISEA AF/WIN2a+b 18.6 24.0* 9.4 0.78 1.98
Jamna szybiaki a MSMD Av JAM-6 17.2* 18.5* 9.4* 0.93 1.83
Resoviaornis jamrozi b MSMD Av WR-9a+b 12.4* 17.0 8.0 0.73 1.55
Wieslochia weissi c,d SMF Av 497 18.1 - 13.2 - 1.37
Wieslochia weissi d SMNK-PAL 3980 17.7 23.8 13.4 0.74 1.32
Eozygodactylus americanus e USNM 299821 16.8 19.0 8.8 0.88 1.91
Eozygodactylus americanus e WDC-CGR-014 17.2 18.2 8.8 0.95 1.95
Primozygodactylus danielsi f SMF-ME 2522 (holotype) 16.5 18.3 8.2 0.90 2.01
Primozygodactylus major f SMF-ME 1758 28.4 31.1 12.0 0.91 2.37
Primozygodactylus ballmanni f SMF-ME 2108 21.0 22.9 9.0 0.92 2.33
Primozygodactylus ballmanni f HLMD-Me 15396 20.0 20.9 9.1 0.96 2.20