TABLE 1. Summary of the range of dimensions of the samples and the total number of samples collected from the 10 new fossiliferous sites along with site details and observations on the autochthonous/allochthonous nature of the material collected.
| Locality | Code | Longitude | Latitude | Altitude (m) |
Total number collected | Length (cm) |
Radial (cm) |
Tangential (cm) |
Observation |
| Western GVP (Hancili Formation) | |||||||||
| Bolu-Kıbrısçık-Kuzca- Alanhümmet Villages | KUZ | E31°45'45.7554" | N40°19'49.6914" | 1272 | 22 | 2.5-25 | 1-9 | 2-11 | Sample KUZ20 allochthonous; all others ex-situ authochthonous |
| Beypazarı-Nuhhoca Village (Kıraluç Site) | KIR | E31°45'53.4234" | N40°18'3.528" | 1268 | 73 | 4-22 | 1.5-10 | 1-16 | ex-situ authochthonous |
| Beypazarı-Aşağıgüney Village | AGU | E31°45'54.7554" | N40°19' 6.6714" | 1141/1250 | 28 | 5-24 | 3-9.5 | 2-10 | 13 samples allochthonous; all others ex-situ authochthonous |
| Beypazarı-Karaşar Village | KAR | E31° 58' 53.2194" | N40° 19' 20.6034" | 1370 | 1 | 11 | 6.5 | 6.5 | ex-situ authochthonous |
| Beypazarı-Mençeler Valley | MEN | E31°51'1.9794"/ E31°51'1.9794" | N40°17'33.1794"/ N40°17'31.776" | 1340/ 1374 | 34 | 5-20.5 | 6-12 | 1-11 | ex-situ authochthonous |
| Beypazarı-Inozu Valley (north side) | INL | E31°54'55.26" | N40°15'24.8754" | 1117 | 10 | 7-28 | 2-8.5 | 1.5-25 | ex-situ authochthonous |
| Beypazarı-Inozu Valley (south side) | INO | E31°54'34.596" | N40°15'43.308" | 998 | 11 | 3-24 | 2.5-8 | 1.5-14 | ex-situ authochthonous |
| Central GVP (Pazar Formation) | |||||||||
| Çamlıdere-Buğralar Village | BUG | E32°26'3.2994" | N40°24'34.484" | 1005 | 30 | 4-21 | 2-12.5 | 1-9 | ex-situ honous |
| Çamlıdere-Elmalı Village | ELM | E32°28'31.692" | N40°25'0.804" | 1233 | 18 | 3-19.5 | 4-13.5 | 1.5-8.5 | ex-situ authochthonous |
| Kızılcahamam-Soğuksu | SOG | E32°37'49.9404" | N40°28'7.2948" | 1052 | 6 | 1-11 | 2-8.5 | 1-6 | ex-situ authochthonous |
TABLE 2. A summary list of the genera in western and central GVP. The ages and tree compositions in both groups are different.
| Site | Genus |
| Western GVP | |
| KOZ | Salix/Populus, Cedrus, Pinus, Acer, Ulmus, Quercus sect. Ilex |
| HOC | Cedrus, Juniperus, Picea, Acer, Quercus sect. Ilex, Salix/Populus, Liquidambar, Palmae |
| KUZ | Pinus |
| AGU | Juniperus, Picea, Pinus, Fraxinus, Ulmus, Zelkova |
| KIR | Salix/Populus, Picea, Acer, Ulmus, Quercus sect. Ilex, Zelkova |
| MEN | Salix/Populus, Pinus, Acer, Prunus, Quercus sect. Ilex, Zelkova |
| KAR | Quercus sect. Ilex |
| INL | Cedrus, Acer, Quercus sect. Ilex |
| INO | Cedrus, Sequoia |
| All Western GVP | Cedrus, Juniperus, Picea, Pinus, Sequoia, Acer, Quercus sect. Ilex, Salix/Populus, Liquidambar, Palmae, Prunus, Ulmus, Zelkova |
| Central GVP | |
| PEL | Sequoia, Taxodium |
| BUG | Sequoia, Taxodium |
| GUD | Glyptostrobus |
| SOG | Sequoia |
| All Central GVP | Glyptostrobus, Sequoia, Taxodium |
TABLE 3. Taxonomic composition of the vegetation that grew across GVP during the early to middle Miocene. See Figure 1 for the site abbreviations and the site names. Data sources are: 1, Akkemik et al. (2016); 2, Akkemik et al. (2017); 3, Akkemik et al. (2009); 4, Kasaplıgil (1977); 5, Denk et al. (2017b); 6, Karayiğit et al. (1999); and 7, Yavuz-Işık (2008).
| Area | Western part of GVP (Aquitanian-Burdigalian: 24.8-18 Ma) |
Central part of GVP (middle to late Burdigalian: 18.2-16.9 Ma) |
|||||||||||||
| Seben1 | Kıbrısçık | Beypazarı | Güdül2 | Çamlıdere3 | Çamlıdere | Kızılcahamam | Kızılcahamam4,5,6,7 | ||||||||
| KOZ | HOC | KUZ* | AGU* | KIR* | KAR* | MEN* | INL* | INO* | GUD | PEL | BUG* | ELM* | SOG* | Güvem (Pollen and macrofossils) | |
| Gymnosperms | |||||||||||||||
| Calocedrus | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | + |
| Cathaya | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | + |
| Cedrus | + | + | - | - | - | - | - | + | + | - | - | - | - | - | + |
| Glyptostrobus | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | + | - | - | - | - | + |
| Juniperus | - | + | - | + | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| Picea | - | + | - | + | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | + |
| Pinus | + | - | + | + | + | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | + |
| Podocarpus | - | - | - | - | + | - | + | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| Sequoia | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | + | - | + | + | - | + | + |
| Taxodium | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | + | + | - | - | - |
| Angiosperms | |||||||||||||||
| Acer | + | + | - | - | + | - | + | + | - | - | - | - | - | - | + |
| Ailanthus | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | + |
| Alnus | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | + |
| Berberis | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | + |
| Betula | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | + |
| Carpinus | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | + |
| Carya | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | + |
| Castanea | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | + |
| Castanopsis | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | + |
| Celtis | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | + |
| Engelhardia | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | + |
| Fagus | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | + |
| Fraxinus | - | - | - | + | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | + |
| Ilex | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | + |
| Juglans | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | + |
| Laurus | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | + |
| Liquidambar | - | + | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | + |
| Magnolia | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | + |
| Mahonia | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | + |
| Myrica | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | + |
| Palmae | - | + | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | + |
| Platanus | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | + |
| Pterocaria | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | + |
| Prunus | - | - | - | - | - | - | + | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | + |
| Quercus (section Ilex) |
+ | + | - | - | + | + | + | + | - | - | - | - | - | - | + |
| Quercus (deciduous) | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | + |
| Salix/Populus | + | + | - | + | + | - | + | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | + |
| Sorbus | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | + |
| Tilia | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | + |
| Ulmus | + | - | - | - | + | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | + |
| Zelkova | - | - | - | + | + | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | + |
