APPENDIX
List of valid fossil species of Opiliones, from oldest to most recent (primary source: Dunlop et al., 2018). (1)= Tetrophthalmi; (2)= Eupnoi; (3)= Dyspnoi; (4)= Laniatores; (5)= Cyphophthalmi; Bar= Bartonian; Bas= Bashkirian; Bur= Burdigalian; C= Carboniferous; Cal= Callovian; Cen= Cenomanian; D= Devonian; Ems= Emsian; Gzh= Gzhelian; J= Jurassic; K= Cretaceous; Lut= Lutetian; Mos= Moscovian; Ne= Neogene; Pa= Paleogene; Pra= Pragian; Vis= Visean; Ypr= Ypresian; *= Fossil genus.
| Species | Family/(Suborder) | System | Stage | Outcrop/Region | Type of fossilization |
| Eophalangium sheari Dunlop et al., 2004* | Not described (1) | D | Pra-Ems | Rhynie | Chert |
| Brigantibunum listoni Dunlop and Anderson, 2005* | Plesion (2) | C | Vis | East Kirkton | Limestones |
| Echinopustulatus samuelnelsoni Dunlop, 2004* | Family indet. (3) | C | Mos | Missouri | Clay |
| Archaeometa nephilina Pocock, 1911 | Archaeometidae (2) or (4) | C | Mos | Measures of Coseley | Clay |
| Arachnometa tuberculata Petrunkevitch, 1949 | Family indet, (?) | C | Mos | Measures of Coseley | Clay |
| Hastocularis argus Garwood et al., 2014 | Not described (1) | C | Bas | Montceau-les-Mines | Clay |
| Eotrogulus fayoli Thevenin, 1901* | Eotrogulidae (3) | C | Bas | Commentry | Finely grained sandstones |
| Nemastomoides elaveris Thevenin, 1901* | Nemastomoidae (3) | C | Bas | Commentry | Finely grained sandstones |
| Ameticos scolos Garwood et al., 2011 | Family indet. (3) | C | Bas | Montceau-les-Mines | Clay |
| Macrogyion cronus Garwood et al., 2011 | Plesion (2) | C | Bas | Montceau-les-Mines | Clay |
| Kustarachne tenuipes Scudder, 1890* | Plesion (2) | C | Gzh | Mazon Creek | Clay |
| Nemastomoides longipes (Petrunkevitch, 1913) | Nemastomoididae (3) | C | Gzh | Mazon Creek | Clay |
| Mesobunus martensi Huang, Selden and Dunlop, 2009* | Sclerosomatidae (2) | J | Cal | Daohugou | Sandstones and lutites |
| Daohugopilio sheari Huang, Selden and Dunlop, 2009* | Family indet. (2) | J | Cal | Daohugou | Sandstones and lutites |
| Mesobunus dunlopi Giribet et al., 2012 | Sclerosomatididae (2) | J | Cal | Daohugou | Sandstones and lutites |
| Palaeosiro burmanicum Poinar, 2008 | Stylocellidae (5) | K | Cen | Myanmar | Amber |
| Halitherses grimaldii Giribet and Dunlop, 2005* | Halithersidae (3) | K | Cen | Myanmar | Amber |
| Petrobunoides sharmai Selden et al., 2016 | Epedanidae (4) | K | Cen | Myanmar | Amber |
| Trogulus longipes Haupt, 1956 | Trogulidae (3) | Pa | Lut-Ypr | Geiseltal | Lignite |
| Siro platypedibus Dunlop and Giribet, 2003 | Sironidae (5) | Pa | Lut | Bitterfeld | Amber |
| Siro balticus Dunlop and Mitov, 2011 | Sironidae (5) | Pa | Lut | Baltic Region | Amber |
| Caddo dentipalpus (Koch and Berendt, 1854) | Caddidae (2) | Pa | Lut | Baltic Region | Amber |
| Dicranopalpus ramiger (Koch and Berendt, 1854) | Phalangiidae (2) | Pa | Lut | Baltic Region | Amber |
| Opilio ovalis Koch and Berendt, 1854 | ?Phalangiidae (2) | Pa | Lut | Baltic Region | Amber |
| Leiobunum longipes Menge, 1854 | Sclerosomatidae (2) | Pa | Lut | Baltic Region | Amber |
| Sabacon claviger (Menge, 1854) | Sabaconidae (3) | Pa | Lut | Baltic Region | Amber |
| ?Histricostoma tuberculatum (Koch and Berendt, 1854) | Nemastomatidae (3) | Pa | Lut | Baltic Region | Amber |
| ?Mitostoma denticulatum (Koch and Berendt, 1854) | Nemastomatidae (3) | Pa | Lut | Baltic Region | Amber |
| ?Nemastoma incertum Koch and Berendt, 1854 | Nemastomatidae (3) | Pa | Lut | Baltic Region | Amber |
| Proholoscotolemon nemastomoides (Koch and Berendt, 1854)* | Cladonychidae (4) | Pa | Lut | Baltic Region | Amber |
| Piankhi steineri Dunlop, Bartel and Mitov, 2012* | Family indet. (3) | Pa | Lut | Baltic Region | Amber |
| Lacinius bizleyi Mitov, Dunlop and Penney, 2015 | Phalangiidae (2) | Pa | Lut | Baltic Region | Amber |
| Amilenus deltshevi Dunlop and Mitov, 2009 | Phalangiidae (2) | Pa | Lut | Bitterfeld | Amber |
| Mitostoma gruberi Dunlop and Mitov, 2009 | Nemastomatidae (3) | Pa | Lut | Bitterfeld | Amber |
| Stephanobunus mitovi Dunlop and Mammitzsh 2010 | Phalangiidae (2) | Pa | Lut | Baltic Region | Amber |
| Petrunkevitchiana oculata (Petrunkevitch, 1922)* | Family indet. (2) | Pa | Bar | Florissant | Lacustrine lutites |
| Amauropilio atavus (Cockerell, 1907) | Sclerosomatidae (2) | Pa | Bar | Florissant | Lacustrine lutites |
| Amauropilio lacoei (Petrunkevitch, 1922) | Sclerosomatidae (2) | Pa | Bar | Florissant | Lacustrine lutites |
| Philacarus hispaniolensis Cokendolpher and Poinar, 1992 | Family indet. (4) | Ne | Bur | Dominican Rep. | Amber |
| Hummelinckiolus silhavyi Cokendolpher and Poinar, 1998 | Samoidae (4) | Ne | Bur | Dominican Rep. | Amber |
| Pellobunus proavus Cokendolpher, 1987 | Samoidae (4) | Ne | Bur | Dominican Rep. | Amber |
| Cosmobunus sagani nov. sp. (this study) | Sclerosomatidae (2) | Ne | Bur | Rubielos de Mora | Lacustrine lutites |
