TABLE 1. List of the fossil and subfossil Anthicidae and Ischaliidae records.
| Taxon | References | Fossil Type and/or Locality | Epoch | Age, Ma |
| Anthicidae Latreille, 1819 | Kirejtshuk and Azar, 2013; Peris et al., 2016 | Lebanese amber | Cretaceous | 130-125.5 |
| Rasnitsyn and Ross, 2000 | Burmese amber | Cretaceous | 99.7-94.3 | |
| Kirejtshuk and Nel, 2013 | Oise amber: Oise Department (France) | Eocene | 55.8-48.6 | |
| Perkovsky et al., 2007, 2010 | Rovno amber | Eocene | 37.2-33.9 | |
| Berendt, 1845; Menge, 1856: as “Notoxida”; Helm, 1886; Klebs, 1889, 1910; Handlirsch, 1907; Bachofen-Echt, 1949; Abdullah, 1964; Spahr, 1981; Hieke and Pietrzeniuk, 1984; Ritzkowski, 1990; Kulicka and Ślipińsk, 1996; Weitschat and Wichard, 2002 | Baltic amber | Eocene | 37.2-33.9 | |
| Poinar, 1992 | Dominican amber | Miocene | 20.4-13.6 | |
| Poinar, 1992 | Mexican amber | Miocene | 20-15 | |
| Schawaller, 1986 | lithified, carbonaceous lime mudstone; Randeck Maar formation (Germany) | Miocene | 16-13.7 | |
| Bidashko et al., 1995 | unlithified lignite and unlithified claystone: Astrakhan (Russian Federation) | Holocene | 0.1-0.0 | |
| Anthicinae Latreille, 1819 | Kirejtshuk et al., 2019 | Isle of Wight Insect Limestone (U.K.) | Late Eocene | 37.8-33.9 |
| Anthicini Latreille, 1819 | ||||
| Amblyderus sp. | Klebs, 1910; Bachofen-Echt, 1949; Abdullah, 1964; Larsson, 1978; Spahr, 1981; Poinar, 1992; Kirejtshuk, 2002-2013 | Baltic amber | Eocene | 37.2-33.9 |
| Anthicus neli Arillo et Ortuño, 1997 [MCNA] [(? = Omonadus formicarius formicarius (Goeze, 1777)]. None of features provided in the original description of this taxon are good enough to separate it from extant cosmopolitan Omonadus formicarius formicarius (Goeze, 1777). Considering the fact Hörnschemeyner et al. (2010) pointed on, in certain cases it is not possible to find any morphological features that distinguish the fossils from the extant species on base of morphological characters. We had not examined Anthicus neli holotype, therefore it is not impossible this taxon is conspecific with extant O. formicarius. Authors compared (Arillo and Ortuño, 1997: 295) their new species with Omonadus floralis (Linnaeus, 1758) which is not as similar to it as O. formicarius formicarius. | Arillo and Ortuño 1997; Kirejtshuk 2002-2013 | lacustrine claystone: Izarra (Alava, Spain) | Miocene | 23-16 |
| Anthicus oustaleti Telnov, 1999 (= melancholicus Oustalet, 1874 nec LaFerté-Sénectère, 1849) [MHNM] | Oustalet, 1874; Telnov, 1999; Kirejtshuk, 2002-2013 | lacustrine shale: Aix-en-Provence (France) | Eocene | 28.4-23 |
| Anthicus sepultulus Cockerell, 1926 [BMNH] | Cockerell, 1926, 1936; Kirejtshuk, 2002-2013 | lacustrine: Maíz Gordo Formation (Argentina) | Palaeocene | 66-55.8 |
| Anthicus sp. | Hope, 1836; Berendt, 1845; Giebel, 1852, 1856a, 1856b; Motschulsky, 1856; Menge, 1856; Scudder, 1885, 1886, 1891; Handlirsch, 1907; Klebs, 1910; Bachofen-Echt, 1949; Abdullah, 1964; Larsson, 1978; Spahr, 1981; Poinar, 1992; Kirejtshuk, 2002-2013 | Baltic amber | Eocene | 37.2-33.9 |
| Anthicus sp. | Kiselev and Nazarov, 2009 | Oler Formation (Russian Federation) | Pleistocene | 2.58-0.8 |
| Anthicus sp. | Green et al., 2006 | lacustrine; Hackney (United Kingdom) | Pleistocene | 0.8 - 0.1 |
| Anthicus sp. | Coope et al., 1961 | lacustrine; Worcestershire (United Kingdom) | Holocene | 0.1-0.0 |
| Anthicus sp. | Kiselev and Nazarov, 2009 | lacustrine; Russian Federation | Holocene | 0.1 - 0.0 |
| Cyclodinus efficax Kirejtshuk, 2019 in Kirejtshuk et al., 2019 | Kirejtshuk et al., 2019 | Isle of Wight Insect Limestone (U.K.) | Late Eocene | 37.8-33.9 |
| Nitorus succinius sp. nov. [CCHH] | present paper | Baltic amber | Eocene | 37.2-33.9 |
| Endomiini Bonadona, 1958 | ||||
| Endomia sp. (= Ochthenomus Dejean, 1834) | Klebs, 1910: as Ochthenomus; Bachofen-Echt, 1949; Abdullah, 1964; Larsson, 1978; Spahr, 1981; Poinar, 1992; Kirejtshuk, 2002-2013 | Baltic amber | Eocene | 37.2-33.9 |
| Eurygeniinae LeConte, 1862 | ||||
| Eurygeniini LeConte, 1862 | ||||
| Oisegenius Kirejtshuk et Nel, 2008 | Kirejtshuk and Nel, 2008, 2013; Kirejtshuk, 2002-2013; | Oise amber: Oise department (France) | Eocene | 55.8-48.6 |
| Oisegenius antiquus Kirejtshuk et Nel, 2008 [MNHN] | Kirejtshuk and Nel, 2008; Kirejtshuk, 2002-2013; Brasero carabidae@inbox.lv, 2009; Nel and Brasero, 2010 | Oise amber: Oise department (France) | Eocene | 55.8-48.6 |
| Lemodinae Lawrence et Britton, 1991 | ||||
| Lemodicarmenia olmedoae Molino-Olmedo, 2017 [CMOM]. This species has general appearance of Tomoderinae. We had not studied the type and therefore follow the original placement. | Molino-Olmedo, 2017 | Burmese amber | Cretaceous | 99.7-94.3 |
| Macratriinae LeConte, 1862 | present paper | Burmese amber | Cretaceous | 99.7-94.3 |
| Camelomorphini Kirejtshuk, Azar et Telnov in Kirejtshuk and Azar, 2008. Most of authors who quoted this taxon ignored the fact the tribe Camelomorphini, genus Camelomorpha and species Camelomorpha longicervix was authored by Kirejtshuk, Azar et Telnov in Kirejtshuk and Azar, 2008 and not by Kirejtshuk et Azar | Kirejtshuk and Azar, 2008, 2013; Kirejtshuk, 2002-2013; Azar et al., 2010; Telnov, 2012b | Lebanese amber | Cretaceous | 130-125.5 |
| Camelomorpha Kirejtshuk, Azar et Telnov in Kirejtshuk and Azar, 2008 | Kirejtshuk and Azar, 2008, 2013; Kirejtshuk, 2002-2013; Azar et al., 2010; Telnov, 2012b | Lebanese amber | Cretaceous | 130-125.5 |
| Camelomorpha longicervix Kirejtshuk, Azar et Telnov in Kirejtshuk and Azar, 2008 [MNHN] | Kirejtshuk and Azar, 2008, 2013; Kirejtshuk, 2002-2013; Penney, 2010; Telnov, 2012b; Soriano et al., 2014; Peris et al., 2016 | Lebanese amber | Cretaceous | 130-125.5 |
| Macratriini LeConte, 1862 | ||||
| Macratria Newman, 1838 (= Protomacratria Abdullah, 1964) | Abdullah, 1964, 1969, Telnov, 2012b | Baltic amber | Eocene | 37.2-33.9 |
| Macratria alleni Telnov, 2012 [LDM] | Telnov, 2012b; Alekseev, 2013 | Baltic amber | Eocene | 37.2-33.9 |
| Macratria appendiculata (Abdullah, 1964) [BMNH] | Abdullah, 1964: as Protomacratria, 1975: as Protomacratria; Larsson, 1978: as Protomacratria; Spahr, 1981: as Protomacratria; Kubisz, 2000: as Protomacratria; Kirejtshuk, 2002-2013: as Protomacratria; Telnov, 2012b; Alekseev, 2013 | Baltic amber | Eocene | 37.2-33.9 |
| Macratria gigantea Wickham, 1910 [YPM] | Wickham, 1910; Kirejtshuk, 2002-2013; Telnov, 2011 | lacustrine shale: Florissant, Colorado (USA) | Eocene | 37.2-33.9 |
| Macratria succinia Abdullah, 1965 [GPIH] | Abdullah, 1965, 1975; Larsson, 1978; Spahr, 1981; Kirejtshuk, 2002-2013: as M. succinea [sic!]; Telnov, 2011, 2012b; Alekseev, 2013: as M. succinea [sic!] | Baltic amber | Eocene | 37.2-33.9 |
| Macratria tripunctata (Abdullah, 1964) [BMNH] | Abdullah, 1964: as Protomacratria, 1975: Protomacratria; Larsson 1978, as Protomacratria; Spahr, 1981: as Protomacratria; Kirejtshuk, 2002-2013: as Protomacratria; Telnov, 2012b; Alekseev, 2013 | Baltic amber | Eocene | 37.2-33.9 |
| Macratria sp. | Klebs, 1910: as Mactratria [sic!]; Bachofen-Echt, 1949; Abdullah, 1964; Larsson, 1978; Spahr, 1981; Poinar, 1992; Kirejtshuk, 2002-2013; Telnov, 2012b; Alekseev, 2017 | Baltic amber | Eocene | 37.2-33.9 |
| tribus incertus, genus sp. | present paper | Burmese amber | Cretaceous | 99.7-94.3 |
| Notoxinae Stephens, 1829 | ||||
| Notoxus sp. | Hope, 1836; Helm, 1896; Handlirsch, 1907; Larsson, 1978; Spahr, 1981; Poinar, 1992; Kirejtshuk, 2002-2013 | Baltic amber | Eocene | 37.2-33.9 |
| Steropinae Jacquelin du Val, 1863 | ||||
| Steropes eleticinoides sp. nov. [LDM] | present paper | Baltic amber | Eocene | 37.2-33.9 |
| Steropes sp. | Klebs, 1910; Abdullah, 1964; Larsson, 1978; Spahr, 1981; Poinar, 1992; Kirejtshuk, 2002-2013 | Baltic amber | Eocene | 37.2-33.9 |
| Tomoderinae Bonadona, 1961 | ||||
| Tomoderus balticus Telnov, 2012 [LDM] | Telnov, 2012a; Alekseev, 2013 | Baltic amber | Eocene | 37.2-33.9 |
| Tomoderus longelytratus Telnov, 2013 [LDM] | Telnov, 2013 | Baltic amber | Eocene | 37.2-33.9 |
| Tomoderus saecularis sp. nov.
[GPIH] |
present papet | Baltic amber | Eocene | 37.2-33.9 |
| Tomoderus sp. | Klebs, 1910; Bachofen-Echt, 1949; Abdullah, 1964; Larsson, 1978; Spahr, 1981; Poinar, 1992; Kirejtshuk, 2002-2013; Telnov, 2012a, 2013; Alekseev, 2017 | Baltic amber | Eocene | 37.2-33.9 |
| Ischaliidae Blair, 1920 | ||||
| Ischalia (Ischalia) youngi Alekseev et Telnov, 2016 [CCHH] | Alekseev and Telnov, 2016 | Baltic amber | Eocene | 37.2-33.9 |
| Ischalia (Eupleurida) danieli Alekseev et Bukejs, 2017 [GPIH] | Alekseev and Bukejs, 2017 | Baltic amber | Eocene | 37.2-33.9 |
| Ischalia subg. Eupleurida LeConte, 1862 | Alekseev, 2017 | Baltic amber | Eocene | 37.2-33.9 |
| Ischalia subg. Telnovia Alekseev et Bukejs, 2017 | Alekseev and Bukejs, 2017; Alekseev, 2017 | Baltic amber | Eocene | 37.2-33.9 |
| Ischalia (Telnovia) dohnaturris Alekseev et Bukejs, 2017 [KAM] | Alekseev and Bukejs, 2017 | Baltic amber | Eocene | 37.2-33.9 |
| Ischalia sp. | Alekseev, 2017 | Baltic amber | Eocene | 37.2-33.9 |
TABLE 2. Fossil records of higher rank Anthicidae taxa.
| Subfamily | Tribe | Fossil records (Y / N) |
| Anthicinae | Anthicini Latreille, 1819 | Y |
| Endomiini Bonadona, 1958 | Y | |
| Formicomini Bucciarelli, 1980 | N | |
| Microhorini Bucciarelli, 1980 | N | |
| Copobaeninae | - | N |
| Eurygeniinae | Eurygeniini LeConte, 1862 | Y |
| Ictistygnini Borchmann, 1937 | N | |
| Mitraelabrini Abdullah, 1969 | N | |
| Lemodinae | - | Y |
| Macratriinae | Camelomorphini Kirejtshuk, Azar et Telnov in Kirejtshuk and Azar, 2008 | Y |
| Macratriini LeConte, 1862 | Y | |
| Notoxinae | - | Y |
| Steropinae | - | Y |
| Tomoderinae | - | Y |
TABLE 3. Matrix of geographical distribution of extant and fossil Anthicidae and Ischaliidae, except incertae sedis groups (according to Chandler 2010; Lawrence et al. 2010). Legends: WP – Western Palaearctic, EP – Eastern Palaearctic, OR – Oriental, AT – Afrotropical and Madagascan, AU – Australian and Papuan, NA – Nearctic, NT – Neotropical, 0 – extant and fossil absence, 1 – extant presence and fossil absence, 2 – fossil presence and extant absence, 3 – fossil and extant presence.
| High rank taxa | WP | EP | OR | AT | AU | NA | NT |
| Anthicidae Latreille, 1819 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 3 | 1 |
| Anthicinae Anthicini Latreille, 1819 | 3 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 3 |
| Anthicinae Endomiini Bonadona, 1958 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 |
| Anthicinae Formicomini Bucciarelli, 1980 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| Anthicinae Microhorini Bucciarelli, 1980 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Copobaeninae Abdullah, 1969 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
| Eurygeniinae Eurygeniini LeConte, 1862 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| Eurygeniinae Ictistygnini Borchmann, 1937 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| Eurygeniinae Mitraelabrini Abdullah, 1969 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
| Lemodinae Lawrence et Britton, 1991 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| Macratriinae Camelomorphini Kirejtshuk, Azar et Telnov in Kirejtshuk and Azar, 2008 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Macratriinae Macratriini LeConte, 1862 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| Macratriinae tribus incertus | 0 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Notoxinae Stephens, 1829 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| Steropinae Jacquelin du Val, 1863 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 |
| Tomoderinae Bonadona, 1961 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| Ischaliidae Blair, 1920 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 |
TABLE 4. Matrix of selected critical characters of the Anthicidae and their minimum age. Only those critical characters visible and observed in fossil specimens are listed.
| Period | Epoch | Age, Ma | Subfamily, tribe | Selected critical characters which appear in fossil taxa |
| Neogene | Pliocene | 5.333-2.58 | Anthicinae Anthicini | - [see below] |
| Miocene | 23.03-5.333 | Anthicinae Anthicini | - [see below] | |
| Paleogene | Oligocene | 33.9-23.03 | - | |
| Eocene | 56-33.9 | Anthicinae | head with frontoclypeal suture or an impression at place of it; eyes entire; mandible apice uni- or bidentate; antenna 11-segmented; terminal maxillary palpomere fusiform or triangular; neck narrow, 1/4 of head width or less; pronotum anteriorly with rim of equal width dorsally and ventrally; ventrite separated from mesepisterna by distinct suture; metacoxae moderately to widely separated by strongly divergent intercoxal projection; elytra with irregular punctures in most subgroups; tibial spurs small; tarsal claws simple; male genitalia with phallobase and tegmen distinct. | |
| Anthicinae Anthicini | [same as above] | |||
| Anthicinae Endomiini | dorsal setae thickened, scale-like; antennal insertions partly covered by protruding anterolateral margin of frons. | |||
| Eurygeniinae Eurygeniini | head lacking frontoclypeal suture; eyes emarginate in certain subgroups;terminal antennomere not lengthened; terminal maxillary palpomere securiform, axeform or cultriform; neck broad, 1/3-1/2 of head width; pronotum anteriorly with dorsal rim strongly protruding (flanged); elytra irregularly punctate; tibial spurs distinct. | |||
| Macratriinae Macratriini | - [same as subfamily, see below] | |||
| Notoxinae | antenna 11-segmented; neck broad and short, 1/3-1/2 of head width; pronotum with prominent anterodorsal horn; pronotum with cervical notches lateral to neck; antebasal sulcus of pronotum distinct; elytra with irregular punctures; tibial spurs distinct. | |||
| Steropinae | transverse impression at place of frontoclypeal suture; eyes notched anteriorly; maxillary palpomeres 2-3 rounded apically; terminal maxillary palpomere scalene triangular; antenna 11-segmented; three terminal antennomeres strongly lengthened; neck broad, 1/3-1/2 of head width; pronotum dorsally without anterior rim; pronotum lacking an apical flange; antebasal sulcus of pronotum complete; lateral fovea present on pronotum, ends in a pit distantly from procoxae; lateral fovea and pits glabrous; antebasal sulcus of pronotum complete; procoxal cavities open externally (presumably also internally; not visible); procoxa elongate and truncate fusiform; metacoxae nearly contiguous, narrowly separated by acute intercoxal projection; elytra confusedly punctate; tibial spurs distinct; tibial spur formula 2-2-2; tarsal claws with long ventral spine. | |||
| Tomoderinae | frontoclypeal suture variably present; antennae with a weak club of 3-4 terminal antennomeres; neck narrow, 1/3 of head width or less; pronotum with thin anterior rim; antebasal sulcus only indicated laterally near hypomeron; pronotum strongly constricted laterally postmedium; mesoventrite short, semicircular; mesosternum and mesepisterna meet behind the anterior edge of mesothorax; mesoventrite short, semicircular; metacoxae widely separated; metacoxae widely separated; tibial spurs very short to lacking. | |||
| Ischaliidae | pronotal disc with median carina, sometimes extending beyond posterior edge, or with longitudinal groove; prosternum flat to moderately convex; prosternum in front of coxae shorter than shortest diameter of procoxal cavity; elytral disc always with more or less complete sutural, sublateral and epipleural costae and often with additional, shorter humeral costa. | |||
| Palaeocene | 66-56 | - | ||
| Cretaceous | Late | 100-66 | Lemodinae | antenna 11-segmented; neck broad, 1/3-1/2 of head width; elytra irregularly punctate. |
| Early | 145-100 | Macratriinae | frontoclypeal suture not present; mandible apice bidentate; antenna 11-segmented; 1-3 terminal antennomeres strongly lengthened or widened; maxillary palpomeres 2-3 with angular mesal lobes; terminal maxillary palpomere securiform; neck narrow, 1/4 or less of head width; pronotum with anterior collar of equal width dorsally and ventrally; antebasal sulcus distinct; lateral fovea of pronotum extends anteroventrally at lateral margin towards procoxae in a pit, which is situated just dorsal of procoxa; lateral fovea and pits obscured by setation; mesoventrite triangular, fused to mesepisterna; procoxa comparatively short and ovoid; procoxal rests contiguous when available; metacoxae narrowly separated by acute intercoxal projection; elytra at least with tracks of puncture rows; tibial spurs long and distinct; tibial spur formula 2-2-2; tarsal claws deeply cleft; ovipositor coxite 2-segmented. | |
| Macratriinae Camelomorphini | characters not evaluated (no comparative extant taxa known) |
