Trilobite moulting variability: Appendices

APPENDIX 1

Dataset sampling summary - taxonomic and temporal counts of the data gathered and analysed for this study.

TABLE 1A 1. Number of species sampled for seven trilobite orders (Asaphida, Corynexochida, Lichida, Phacopida, Proetida, Ptychopariida, and Redlichiida), the taxonomically problematic Agnostida, and one incerti ordinis group. Orders are then divided into Suborders, subfamilies, and families, showing the taxon sampling for each. Trinucleidae, Harpetida, Agnostida, and a burlingiid species have been removed from the data set. Total species sampled = 355.

TABLE 1A 2. Number of species sampled for each Epoch of the Palaeozoic Era, with their upper and lower boundary dates, and resulting bin lengths (in millions of years). Epoch dates taken from the ICS (2018; Cohen et al., 2013 updated). Total species sampled = 371, as the 13 boundary species have been counted within each Epoch they occurred in.

APPENDIX 2.

Raw trilobite moulting behaviour dataset - collected as a basis for the entire study. All results are replicable from this data. This data is supplied in two formats, an Excel spreadsheet, and a tab-delimited text file, to download.

APPENDIX 3.

Sampling numbers for raw trilobite moulting behaviour dataset.

TABLE 3A 1. Counts for number of specimens sampled per species in each trilobite order.

TABLE 3A 2. Percentage of trilobite species in each order that had samples comprised of 1, 2, 3-5, 6-8, 9-10, and 11+ specimens.

TABLE 3A 3. For each trilobite species, the number of moulting characteristics it displayed (1-6) given with the number of specimens sampled for that species. Some results removed because many species analysed from the literature were not given proper counts, and so these are from at least 1 specimen (but probably more), but could not be included due to their uncertainty.

APPENDIX 4.

Diversity data - generated from Fossilworks and the Paleobiology database, with dataset sample diversity.

These data represent the total diversity of the dataset created for this study (i.e. using the species counts also included in Additional file 1), and the dataset generated from the online database of fossil occurrences at Fossilworks/The Paleobiology Database. Accessed 25/01/2018, and publically available at http://fossilworks.org.

TABLE 4A 1. Trilobite taxonomic diversity data. Total diversity represents all occurrences of trilobite species for each order recorded in the Paleobiology Database and Fossilworks (Kiessling et al., 2018), downloaded 25/01/18. Sample diversity represents all species recorded within this data set.

TABLE 4A 2. Trilobite diversity data through the Palaeozoic. Total diversity represents all occurrences of trilobite species for each Epoch recorded in the Paleobiology Database and Fossilworks (Kiessling et al., 2018), downloaded 25/01/18. SQS diversity is the same data corrected for sampling using Shareholder Quorum Subsampling through Fossilworks. Sample diversity represents all species recorded within this data set (boundary species recorded twice). Numbers for the Cambrian are slightly offset because the epochs are delineated differently within Fossilworks (Lower Cambrian, Middle Cambrian, Furongian) compared to this data set (following the ICS, 2018; Cohen, 2013 updated; Cambrian Series 2, Miaolingian, Furongian).

APPENDIX 5

Statistical test results - the pertinent results are also reported within the study text. Abbreviations used: VS, open ventral sutures moulting characteristic; FS, open facial sutures moulting characteristic; Ce, disarticulated cephalon moulting characteristic; Th, disarticulated thorax moulting characteristic; Py, disarticulated pygidium moulting characteristic; Cr, disarticulated cranidium moulting characteristic; O, observed counts; E, expected counts.

TABLE 5A 1. Chi² values with their associated p-values (at 6 degrees of freedom). Test of ordinal-level variability in numbers of species (observed versus expected) for each mode of moulting (Sutural Gape and Salter’s). Statistical significant analyses shaded.

TABLE 5A 2. Chi ² values with their associated p-values (at 6 degrees of freedom). Test of ordinal-level variability in numbers of species (observed versus expected) for each of the six moulting characteristics. Statistically significant analyses shaded.

TABLE 5A 3. Chi ² values with their associated p-values (at 6 degrees of freedom). Test of ordinal-level variability in numbers of species (observed versus expected) that ‘normally’ display (i.e. data condensed to that which they use most often) each of the six moulting characteristics. Statistically significant analyses shaded.

TABLE 5A 4. Chi ² values (left-hand column in each pair) with their associated p-values (n-1 degrees of freedom, right-hand column in each pair, α=0.05, 0.0083 with Bonferroni correction). Test of familial/superfamilial-variability in numbers of species (observed versus expected) that display each of the six moulting characteristics. Statistically significant analyses shaded. Only tests indicated with * had close to sufficient numbers of expected samples for a reliable test.

TABLE 5A 5. Chi ² values with their associated p-values (at 4 degrees of freedom). Test of temporal (Geological Periods) variability in numbers of species (observed versus expected) for each of the six moulting characteristics. Statistically significant analyses shaded.

TABLE 5A 6. Chi ² values with their associated p-values (at 9 degrees of freedom). Test of temporal (Geological Epochs) variability in numbers of species (observed versus expected) for each of the six moulting characteristics. Statistically significant analyses shaded.

TABLE 5A 7. Chi ² values with their associated p-values (at 4 degrees of freedom). Test of temporal (Geological Periods) variability in numbers of species (observed versus expected) that ‘normally’ display (i.e. data condensed to that which they use most often) each of the six moulting characteristics. Statistically significant analyses shaded.