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TABLE 1. Elbow flexion in American alligators (Alligator mississippiensis) as found by manual manipulation.

Accession/specimen number Side of body Humeral length Maximum flexion Maximum extension
Bare-bones specimens
TMM 2433 left 75 mm 89° 159°
TMM 2433 right 75 mm 88° 162°
TMM 7363 left 95 mm 76° 155°
TMM 7363 right 95 mm 83° 169°
TMM 3004 left 110 mm 89° 150°
TMM 3004 right 111 mm 88° 144°
TMM 7487 right 113 mm 74° 147°
TMM 7489 left 114 mm 91° 161°
TMM 7489 right 113 mm 92° 157°
TMM 4135 left 230 mm 82° 148°
Mean     left: 85.4°
right: 85.0°
all: 85.2°
left: 154.6°
right: 155.8°
all: 155.2°
Intact specimens (fully-fleshed, including skin)
Cadaver 1 left   23°  
Cadaver 2 left   39°  
Cadaver 3 left   32°  
Cadaver 4 left   23°  
Cadaver 5 left   31°  
Cadaver 6 left   33°  
Mean 30.2°