TABLE 1. Brief characteristics of the fossil plant assemblages from Europe selected for testing Drudge 1 and Drudge 2 (hereafter “test set”). The selected sites cover the period late Eocene to late Pliocene.
| Studied floras | Staré Sedlo, Czech Republic | Seifhennersdorf, Germany | Wackersdorf, Germany | Parschlug, Austria | Sośnica, Poland | Vonšov Mb. (Vildštejn Fm.–Pluto Clay), Czech Republic | |
| GPS coordinates | N 50° 10' 54.39", E 12° 43' 11.37" | N 50° 56' 7.02", E 14° 36' 26.99" | N 49° 18' 50.96", E 12° 10' 39.46" | N 47°28'50.7", E 15°17'15.3" | N 51°01'58.7" E16°47'00.3" | N 50° 9' 19.74", E 12° 22' 43.99" | |
| References | Knobloch et al. (1996), Teodoridis et al. (2012) | Walther and Kvaček (2007) | Knobloch and Kvaček (1976), Gregor (1978), Günther and Gregor (1993) | Kovar-Eder et al. (2004) | Goeppert(1855), Stachurska et al. (1973), Walther and Zastawniak (1991), Zastawniak and Walther (1998), Collinson et al. (2001), Kohlman-Adamska et al. (2004); Manchester and Zastawniak (2007) | Stuchlik (1982), Bůžek et al. (1985), Teodoridis et al. (2017) | |
| Dating | Series | late Eocene | early Oligocene | early Miocene | early/middle Miocene | late Miocene | late Pliocene |
| Age/Stage | Priabonian | Rupelian | Burdigalian (Karpatian) | uppermost Burdigalian/lowermost Langhian (Karpatian/early Badenian) | Tortonian- Messinian | Piacenzian (Reuverian) | |
| Ma | ? | 30.44 ± 1.25 | 14.5 - 17.3 | ? | ? | ? 2.6-4.5 | |
| Fossil record | leaves, pollen (morphotaxa) | leaves | leaves, fruits | leaves | leaves, fruits, pollen | leaves, fruits, pollen | |
TABLE 2. Results of applying Drudge 1 and 2 on the test set. Listed are the five best-fitted results for every site (hereafter “proxy set”).
| Site/results | Drudge 1 | ||||||||||||
| Staré Sedlo | Seifhennersdorf | Wackersdorf | Parschlug | Sośnica | Vonšov Mb. (Vildštejn Fm. –Pluto Clay) | ||||||||
| Modern vegetation | Mathematical difference/ Taxonomic Similarity /Total difference |
Modern vegetation | Mathematical difference/ Taxonomic Similarity /Total difference |
Modern vegetation | Mathematical difference/ Taxonomic Similarity /Total difference |
Modern vegetation | Mathematical difference/ Taxonomic Similarity /Total difference |
Modern vegetation | Mathematical difference/ Taxonomic Similarity /Total difference |
Modern vegetation | Mathematical difference/ Taxonomic Similarity /Total difference |
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| Results - IPR Similarity | 1 | Japan 08 | 3.98 | China 84 | 4.91 | Japan 04 | 2.24 | G043 | 2.22 | F130 | 2.04 | China 04 | 1.66 |
| 2 | D032 | 5.31 | F166 | 4.95 | F163 | 3.63 | F098 | 2.55 | Japan 01 | 2.72 | F123 | 4.61 | |
| 3 | China 89 | 5.36 | F169 | 5.15 | H001 | 3.99 | K022 | 2.72 | F054 | 3.30 | China 62 | 4.79 | |
| 4 | C045 | 6.39 | China 38 | 5.20 | China 35 | 5.05 | G074 | 3.38 | G038 | 3.89 | China 80 | 4.83 | |
| 5 | Japan 07 | 7.23 | China 28 | 7.24 | China 37 | 5.05 | K015 | 3.97 | F065 | 4.52 | China 57 | 4.88 | |
| Results - Taxonomic Similarity | 1 | China 34 | 5.71% | Japan 05 | 41.18% | Japan 06 | 31.01% | China 03 | 34.38% | Japan 06 | 45.26% | China 03 | 40.00% |
| 2 | China 38 | 5.00% | China 57 | 41.18% | China 03 | 30.38% | China 68 | 32.81% | China 68 | 44.21% | Japan 05 | 29.00% | |
| 3 | China 13 | 5.00% | China 67 | 41.18% | Japan 05 | 29.11% | China 81 | 31.25% | Japan 01 | 42.11% | Japan 06 | 28.00% | |
| 4 | China 14 | 5.00% | China 60 | 39.71% | China 57 | 27.85% | Japan 05 | 29.69% | China 60 | 41.05% | China 68 | 28.00% | |
| 5 | Japan 01 | 5.00% | China 61 | 39.71% | China 60 | 27.85% | Japan 06 | 29.69% | China 81 | 40.00% | China 81 | 27.00% | |
| Results - Mix | 1 | China 34 | 94.80 | China 67 | 60.27 | China 03 | 72.17 | China 03 | 76.88 | Japan 01 | 57.96 | China 03 | 63.49 |
| 2 | China 36 | 96.87 | China 56 | 65.00 | China 67 | 78.66 | China 13 | 79.23 | Japan 06 | 59.56 | Japan 05 | 72.32 | |
| 3 | China 89 | 97.29 | China 57 | 66.67 | China 36 | 80.99 | D052 | 79.28 | China 60 | 60.98 | Japan 06 | 74.59 | |
| 4 | China 30 | 97.56 | China 60 | 67.90 | China 17 | 82.30 | G072 | 80.22 | China 68 | 62.38 | China 61 | 75.26 | |
| 5 | China 32 | 97.70 | China 03 | 68.31 | China 35 | 83.07 | Japan 01 | 80.81 | China 03 | 64.69 | China 68 | 75.68 | |
| Site/results | Drudge 2 | ||||||||||||
| Staré Sedlo | Seifhennersdorf | Wackersdorf | Parschlug | Sośnica | Vonšov Mb. (Vildštejn Fm. –Pluto Clay) | ||||||||
| Modern vegetation | Mathematical difference/ Taxonomic Similarity /Total difference |
Modern vegetation | Mathematical difference/ Taxonomic Similarity /Total difference |
Modern vegetation | Mathematical difference/ Taxonomic Similarity /Total difference |
Modern vegetation | Mathematical difference/ Taxonomic Similarity /Total difference |
Modern vegetation | Mathematical difference/ Taxonomic Similarity /Total difference |
Modern vegetation | Mathematical difference/ Taxonomical Similarity /Total difference |
||
| Results - IPR Similarity | 1 | China 89 | 12.77 | China 38 | 4.94 | China 38 | 5.46 | G032 | 17.06 | F075 | 10.13 | F054 | 9.04 |
| 2 | China 30 | 12.82 | China 59 | 9.67 | Japan 04 | 6.06 | G071 | 21.49 | F171 | 10.56 | G055 | 9.25 | |
| 3 | China 36 | 17.36 | China 67 | 9.97 | China 35 | 7.38 | D064 | 22.50 | China 87 | 12.11 | G038 | 9.54 | |
| 4 | China 17 | 17.47 | Japan 04 | 10.49 | China 37 | 7.38 | D042 | 24.20 | G018 | 14.38 | F069 | 9.56 | |
| 5 | China 34 | 17.50 | China 35 | 12.93 | China 36 | 10.14 | G030 | 24.31 | G017 | 14.45 | C037 | 9.69 | |
| Results - Taxonomic Similarity | 1 | China 34 | 5.71% | Japan 05 | 41.18% | Japan 06 | 31.01% | China 03 | 34.38% | Japan 06 | 45.26% | China 03 | 40.00% |
| 2 | China 38 | 5.00% | China 57 | 41.18% | China 03 | 30.38% | China 68 | 32.81% | China 68 | 44.21% | Japan 05 | 29.00% | |
| 3 | China 13 | 5.00% | China 67 | 41.18% | Japan 05 | 29.11% | China 81 | 31.25% | Japan 01 | 42.11% | Japan 06 | 28.00% | |
| 4 | China 14 | 5.00% | China 60 | 39.71% | China 57 | 27.85% | Japan 05 | 29.69% | China 60 | 41.05% | China 68 | 28.00% | |
| 5 | Japan 01 | 5.00% | China 61 | 39.71% | China 60 | 27.85% | Japan 06 | 29.69% | China 81 | 40.00% | China 81 | 27.00% | |
| Results - Mix | 1 | China 34 | 95.90 | China 67 | 59.66 | China 67 | 77.67 | China 68 | 81.19 | China 68 | 60.36 | China 03 | 62.22 |
| 2 | China 30 | 96.57 | China 57 | 64.66 | China 60 | 80.84 | China 03 | 81.27 | China 60 | 63.26 | China 68 | 75.02 | |
| 3 | China 38 | 97.68 | China 56 | 65.34 | China 57 | 80.87 | China 38 | 81.57 | Japan 06 | 63.67 | China 81 | 75.47 | |
| 4 | China 36 | 97.98 | China 60 | 65.99 | China 36 | 81.02 | China 81 | 82.47 | China 81 | 63.74 | F033 | 76.38 | |
| 5 | China 89 | 97.98 | China 58 | 67.97 | China 03 | 82.79 | China 60 | 82.54 | China 71 | 64.40 | China 71 | 79.36 | |
TABLE 3. Synthesis of the results derived by applying Drudge 1 and 2. Small-scaled vegetation units are summarised to higher-order entities, which are arranged according to major vegetation types. Counts reflect the occurrences of the modern vegetation units in the proxy sets for IPR Similarity, Taxonomic Similarity (TS), and Results - Mix (Table 2). TS is counted only once.
| ID | major vegetation types | Staré Sedlo | Seifhennersdorf | Wackersdorf | Parschlug | Sośnica | Vonšov Mb. (Vildštejn Fm. - Pluto Clay) |
| China 17, 28, 30-38 | Broad-leaved evergreen forest, China | 14 | 4 | 10 | 1 | ||
| Japan 04, 07, 08 | Broad-leaved evergreen forest, Honshu, Japan | 2 | 1 | 2 | |||
| China 56-61 | Mixed mesophytic forest of the Lower Yangtze Province | 11 | 4 | 1 | 3 | 2 | |
| China 03 | Mt. Emei evergreen or deciduous broad-leaved mixed forest zone | 1 | 3 | 3 | 1 | 3 | |
| China 04, 62-67 | Broad-leaved deciduous forest, Upper Yangtze Province and Mt. Emei | 4 | 2 | 2 | |||
| China 68-79 | Broad-leaved deciduous forests of the Northern and Northeastern Provinces | 2 | 4 | 4 | |||
| Japan 01-03,05 | Broad-leaved deciduous forests Shirakami Sanchi, and Mt. Fuji | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 2 |
| D | D Mesophytic and hygromesophytic coniferous and mixed broad-leaved-coniferous forests | 1 | 3 | ||||
| F | F Mesophytic broadleaved deciduous and mixed broad-leaved/conifer forests | 2 | 1 | 1 | 5 | 4 | |
| G | G Thermophilous mixed deciduous broadleaved forests | 6 | 3 | 2 | |||
| H | H Hygrophilous thermophytic mixed deciduous broadleaved forests | 1 | |||||
| K | K Xerophytic coniferous forests, coniferous woodland and scrub | 2 | |||||
| China 13, 14 | Meili Snow Mt. - Sclerophyllous and broad-leaved forest zone (2580-3650 m alt) | 2 | 1 | ||||
| China 80-89 | Montane coniferous forests, China, Taiwan | 4 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 3 | |
| Japan 06 | Mt. Fuji-Upper montane and subalpine coniferous belt, 1800-2500 m, Vaccinium-Picea region | 1 | 1 | 3 | 2 | ||
| C | C Subarctic, boreal and nemoral-montane open woodlands as well as subalpine and oro-Mediterranean vegetation | 1 | 1 |
