TABLE 1. Stratigraphic units, levels, and chronology from Cueva de los Nesofontes, Mayabeque, Cuba. Results and source of radiocarbon dated (AMS 14C) material with lab numbers is provided. The roman numbers indicate the stratigraphic interval, and the letter the stratigraphic unit, as discussed in the text.
| Interval | Depth (cm) |
Strat. Unit | Granulometry | 14C Cal yrs BP | Cal yrs (2σ) |
Source | Number |
| I | 0-9 | A | 40.9 % med sand | 1.223 ± 0.004 pMC | AD 1955-1993 | Artibeus jamaicensis humerus | ICA 15B/0116 |
| II | 10-19 | E | >50 % med san | 1960 ± 30 BP | BC 40-AD 90 | Phyllops vetus skull | ICA 18B/0845 |
| III | 20-29 | H | 52.4 % fine sand | 1290 ± 30 BP | AD 660-770 | A. anthonyi dentary | ICA 14B/1102 |
| IV | 30-45 | I | 49.8 % fine sand | 1418 ± 20 BP | AD 605-655 | Nesophontes major dentary | Beta 392022 |
| I | 0-2 | n/a | Fine sand/detritus | 115.9 ± 0.6 pMC | AD 1957-1993 | A. jamaicensis scapula | Beta 210380 |
| I | Surface | n/a | cave floor | 1.014 ± 0.004 pMC | AD 1955-1956 | Canis lupus familiaris vertebra | ICA15B/0115 |
TABLE 2. Results of stable isotope analysis with source material from deposits at Cueva de los Nesofontes. “~”: Approximate source depth for analyzed specimens. “n/a”: Not available data. “collagen”: Collagen-derived measurement (those not indicated are from dental apatite readings).
| Interval | Depth (cm) |
Strat. Unit | δ18O_apt | δ13C | Source | Number |
| I | 0 | A | -1.1 | -9.9 | Artibeus jamaicensis skull | USF 15314 |
| I | 0 | A | n/a | 20.1 (collagen) | A. jamaicensis humerus | ICA 15B/0116 |
| I-II | ~14 | C | -1 | -8.1 | A. jamaicensis humeri | USF 15316 |
| II | ~18 | E | -0.9 | -10 | A. jamaicensis skull | USF 15313 |
| III-IV | 29-31 | H | -0.7 | 11.0 | A. anthonyi dentary | USF 15315 |
| III-IV | 29-32 | H | n/a | 21.1 (collagen) | A. anthonyi dentary | ICA 14B/1102 |
| IV | >32 | I | -1 | 20.7 (collagen) | Nesophontes major dentary | Beta 392022 |
| I | 0-2 | n/a | n/a | 20.7 (collagen) | A. jamaicensis scapula | Beta 210380 |
| I | Surface | n/a | n/a | 10.9 (collagen) | Canis lupus familiaris vertebra | ICA15B/0115 |
TABLE 3. Cueva de los Nesofontes fauna list, providing several individual specimens (NISP), the minimum number of individuals (MNI), and the number of total taxa (NTAXA) counts.
| Species | NISP | MNI | NTAXA |
| Amphibians | |||
| Eleuterodactylus sp. 1 | 14 | 10 | 1 |
| Eleuterodactylus sp. 2 | 2 | 2 | 1 |
| Eleuterodactylus sp. 3 | 3 | 1 | 1 |
| Peltophryne sp. | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| Total | 20 | 14 | 4 |
| Reptiles | |||
| Anolis cf. equestris | 2 | 1 | 1 |
| Anolis sagrei | 4 | 1 | 1 |
| Anolis sp. (Large) | 2 | 1 | 1 |
| Anolis cf. chamaleonides | 14 | 1 | 1 |
| Total | 22 | 4 | 4 |
| Aves | |||
| Cathartes aura | 3 | 2 | 1 |
| Falco sparverius | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| Sphyrapicus varius | 3 | 1 | 1 |
| Melanerpes superciliaris | 4 | 2 | 1 |
| Colaptes sp. cf. fernandinae/auratus | 2 | 2 | 1 |
| Saurothera merlini | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| Crotophaga ani | 2 | 2 | 1 |
| Psittacara eups | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| Psittasidae gen. et sp. indent. | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| Tyto furcata | 2 | 2 | 1 |
| Glaucidium siju | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| Margarobyas lawrencii | 11 | 5 | 1 |
| Strigidae gen. et sp. indet. (medium size) | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| Strigidae gen. et sp. indet. (large size) | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| Zenaida asiatica or macrura | 3 | 2 | 2? |
| Zenaida aurita | 4 | 1 | 1 |
| Geotrygon cf. chrysia | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| Nesotrochis picapicensis | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| Corvus sp. indet. | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| Tyrannus sp. cf. dominicensis | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| Turdus plumbeus | 3 | 1 | 1 |
| Dumetella carolinesis | 3 | 2 | 1 |
| Mimus polygottos | 11 | 3 | 1 |
| Mimidae gen. et. sp. indet. | 2 | 1 | 1 |
| Progne cf. cryptoleuca | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| Tachycineta bicolor | 2 | 2 | 1 |
| Dives atroviolasceous | 10 | 9 | 1 |
| Quiscalus niger | 10 | 5 | 1 |
| Icterus sp. indet. | 3 | 1 | 1 |
| Agelaius sp. indet. | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| Icteridae gen. et sp. indet. (small size) | 2 | 1 | 1 |
| Sturnella magna | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| Passer domesticus | 10 | 5 | 1 |
| Falco sparverius | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| Aves gen. et sp. indet. | 3 | 3 | 0 |
| Total | 103 | 64 | 33 |
| Rodents | |||
| Rattus rattus | 3 | 2 | 1 |
| Rattus norvegicus | 18 | 5 | 1 |
| Mus musculus | 6 | 3 | 1 |
| Boromys torreii | 131 | 15 | 1 |
| Boromys offella | 13 | 5 | 1 |
| Geocapromys columbianus | 10 | 5 | 1 |
| Capromys pilorides | 21 | 5 | 1 |
| Mesocapromys nanus | 3 | 2 | 1 |
| Mesocapromys kraglievichi | 4 | 4 | 1 |
| Mesocapromys sp. indet. | 19 | 10 | 0 |
| Mesocapromys gen. indet. | 24 | 2 | 0 |
| Total | 252 | 58 | 9 |
| Eulipotyphla | |||
| Solenodon cubanus | 3 | 2 | 1 |
| Nesophontes micrus | 628 | 62 | 1 |
| Nesophontes major | 403 | 64 | 1 |
| Nesophontes cf. longirostris | 3 | 2 | 1 |
| Total | 1037 | 130 | 4 |
| Chiroptera | |||
| Mormoops blainvilleii | 10 | 5 | 1 |
| Pteronotus parnellii | 4 | 2 | 1 |
| Brachyphylla nana | 61 | 13 | 1 |
| Monophyllus redmani (clinedaphus) | 2 | 1 | 1 |
| Erophylla sezekorni | 11 | 4 | 1 |
| Phyllonycteris poeyi | 88 | 55 | 1 |
| Macrotus waterhouseii | 33 | 12 | 1 |
| Artibeus anthonyi | 8 | 3 | 1 |
| Artibeus jamaicensis (larger size) | 21 | 10 | 1 |
| Artibeus jamaicensis (parvipes) | 475 | 165 | 1 |
| Phyllops falcatus | 49 | 18 | 1 |
| Phyllops vetus | 21 | 8 | 1 |
| Natalus primus | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| Antrozous koopmani | 7 | 4 | 1 |
| Eptesicus fuscus (dutertreus) | 45 | 15 | 1 |
| Tadarida brasiliensis | 30 | 15 | 1 |
| Molossus molossus | 4 | 4 | 1 |
| Chiroptera gen. et. sp. indet. | 15 | 2 | 1 |
| Total | 871 | 335 | 17 |
TABLE 4. Stratigraphic distribution of taxa throughout each interval and their count. Presence is indicated with an ‘x’ and empty cell reports an absence. A total by interval is provided.
| Species Stratigraphy | ||||
| Level | I (0-10 cm) | II (11-20 cm) | III (21-30 cm) | IV (31-50 cm) |
| Beds (Stratigraphic units) | A-C | B-F | F-H | H-I |
| Amphibians | ||||
| Eleuterodactylus sp. 1 | x | x | x | x |
| Eleuterodactylus sp. 2 | x | x | ||
| Eleuterodactylus sp. 3 | x | x | x | |
| Peltophryne sp. | x | |||
| Total Taxa per bed | 2 | 3 | 3 | 2 |
| Reptiles | ||||
| Anolis cf. equestris | x | x | ||
| Anolis sagrei | x | x | x | |
| Anolis sp. (Large) | x | x | ||
| Anolis cf. chamaleonides | x | |||
| Total Taxa per bed | 2 | 1 | 3 | 2 |
| Aves | ||||
| Cathartes aura | x | x | ||
| Falco sparverius | x | |||
| Sphyrapicus varius | x | x | ||
| Melanerpes superciliaris | x | x | ||
| Colaptes sp. cf. fernandinae/auratus | x | |||
| Saurothera merlini | x | |||
| Crotophaga ani | x | x | ||
| Psittacara eups | x | |||
| Psittasidae gen. et sp. indent. | x | |||
| Tyto furcata | x | x | ||
| Glaucidium siju | x | |||
| Margarobyas lawrencii | x | x | x | x |
| Strigidae gen. et sp. indet. (medium size) | x | x | ||
| Strigidae gen. et sp. indet. (large size) | x | |||
| Zenaida asiatica or macrura | x | x | ||
| Zenaida aurita | x | x | ||
| Geotrygon cf. chrysia | x | |||
| Nesotrochis picapicensis | x | |||
| Corvus sp. indet. | x | |||
| Tyrannus sp. cf. dominicensis | x | |||
| Turdus plumbeus | x | x | ||
| Dumetella carolinesis | x | x | ||
| Mimus polygottos | x | x | x | |
| Mimidae gen. et. sp. indet. | x | |||
| Progne cf. cryptoleuca | x | |||
| Tachycineta bicolor | x | |||
| Dives atroviolasceous | x | x | x | x |
| Quiscalus niger | x | |||
| Icterus sp. indet. | x | x | ||
| Agelaius sp. indet. | x | |||
| Icteridae gen. et sp. indet. (small size) | x | x | x | |
| Sturnella magna | x | |||
| Passer domesticus | x | x | ||
| Aves gen. et sp. indet. | x | x | x | |
| Total Taxa per bed | 14 | 11 | 22 | 11 |
| Rodents | ||||
| Rattus rattus | x | x | x | x |
| Rattus norvegicus | x | x | x | x |
| Mus musculus | x | x | x | |
| Boromys torreii | x | x | x | x |
| Boromys offella | x | x | ||
| Geocapromys columbianus | x | x | ||
| Capromys pilorides | x | x | x | x |
| Mesocapromys nanus | x | x | ||
| Mesocapromys kraglievichi | x | x | x | |
| Mesocapromys sp. indet. | x | x | x | |
| Total taxa per bed | 5 | 7 | 10 | 9 |
| Eulipotyphla | ||||
| Solenodon cubanus | x | x | ||
| Nesophontes micrus | x | x | x | x |
| Nesophontes major | x | x | x | x |
| Nesophontes cf. longirostris | x | x | ||
| Total Taxa per bed | 3 | 4 | 3 | 2 |
| Chiroptera | ||||
| Mormoops blainvilleii | x | x | ||
| Pteronotus parnellii | x | x | ||
| Brachyphylla nana | x | x | x | x |
| Monophyllus redmani (clinedaphus) | x | x | ||
| Erophylla sezekorni | x | x | x | |
| Phyllonycteris poeyi | x | x | x | x |
| Macrotus waterhouseii | x | x | x | |
| Artibeus anthonyi | x | x | ||
| Artibeus jamaicensis (larger size) | x | x | ||
| Artibeus jamaicensis (parvipes) | x | x | x | x |
| Phyllops falcatus | x | x | ||
| Phyllops vetus | x | x | x | |
| Natalus primus | x | |||
| Antrozous koopmani | x | x | x | |
| Eptesicus fuscus (dutertreus) | x | x | x | |
| Tadarida brasiliensis | x | |||
| Molossus molossus | x | |||
| Chiroptera gen. et. sp. indet. | x | x | x | x |
| Total Taxa per bed | 13 | 11 | 14 | 8 |
| Total | ||||
| Mammals | 21 | 22 | 27 | 19 |
| Vertebrates | 39 | 38 | 55 | 34 |
| Vertebrates plus Gastropods and Crustaceans | 51 | 54 | 63 | 41 |
TABLE 5. Nesophontes craniomandibular measurements, including the specimens tentatively identified here as N. cf. longirostris. All specimens are from Cueva de los Nesofontes, except two N. longirostris (one is the AMNH holotype, and the other a specimen from Cueva del Gato Jíbaro referenced in the text). Maximum Dental Length is equivalent to the upper and lower toothrow length, i.e., the length measured from most distal incisor to M3 (m3).
| Species | Measurement | N | Mean ± SD | Range |
| Nesophontes micrus | Max. Dental length | 56 | 12.89 ± 0.3 | 12.2-13.56 |
| C-M3 length | 67 | 10.55 ± 0.3 | 10.01-11.33 | |
| Max. Palatal length | 56 | 13.09 ± 0.4 | 12.2-13.99 | |
| Max. Canine breath | 68 | 3.61 ± 0.2 | 3.23-4.66 | |
| Max. Canine-Pm3 length | 70 | 2.35 ± 0.2 | 1.7-2.91 | |
| Max. dentary length | 243 | 18.03 ± 0.6 | 16.0-19.3 | |
| Max. dentary dental length | 257 | 11.48 ± 0.3 | 10.18-12.56 | |
| Max. c-pm3 length | 6 | 3.07 ± 1.7 | 2.66-3.49 | |
| N. major | Max. Dental length | 43 | 14.53 ± 0.6 | 12.63-15.46 |
| C-M3 length | 56 | 11.75 ± 0.5 | 10.02-12.65 | |
| Max. Palatal length | 42 | 14.7 ± 0.5 | 13.56-15.53 | |
| Max. Canine breath | 62 | 4.86 ± 0.04 | 4.23-5.44 | |
| Max. Canine-Pm3 length | 65 | 2.30 ± 0.04 | 1.59-2.98 | |
| Max. dentary length | 147 | 20.77 ± 0.7 | 18.09-22.6 | |
| Max. dentary dental length | 160 | 13.0 ± 0.5 | 11.44-14.4 | |
| Max. c-pm3 length | 9 | 2.92 ± 2.1 | 2.31-3.45 | |
| N. longirostris | Max. Dental length | 4 | 14.87 ± 1.2 | 13.58-15.83 |
| C-M3 length | 4 | 12.35 ± 0.09 | 11.80-12.4 | |
| Max. Palatal length | 4 | 15.43 ± 0.6 | 14.0-15.9 | |
| Max. Canine breath | 4 | 4.85 ± 0.4 | 4.4-5.26 | |
| Max. Canine-Pm3 length | 4 | 3.33 ± 0.1 | 3.20-3.45 | |
| Max. dentary length | 2 | 22.34 ± 0.3 | 22.08-22.60 | |
| Max. dentary dental length | 2 | 13.72 ± 0.2 | 13.54-13.90 | |
| Max. c-pm3 length | 2 | 4.0 ± 0.4 | 3.58-4.42 |
TABLE 6. Diversity indices, evenness, dominance, and chronology for each stratigraphic interval. Overall values are not the averages of each column, but the overall index calculated for the whole fauna. The roman numerals indicate the stratigraphic intervals as discussed in the text. The overall average is given in bold. BC/AD refers to calendar year calibrations.
| Interval | NTAXA | NISP | Shannon- Weiner |
Simpson's | Fisher-a | Eveness | Dominance | Chronology |
| I | 39 | 469 | 1.18 | 0.653 | 1.12 | 0.814 | 0.525 | AD 1953-1993 |
| II | 38 | 519 | 1.17 | 0.649 | 1.14 | 0.805 | 0.572 | AD 660-770 |
| III | 55 | 929 | 1.18 | 0.653 | 0.99 | 0.812 | 0.481 | AD 605-655 |
| IV | 34 | 409 | 1.21 | 0.664 | 1.18 | 0.839 | 0.545 | BC 40-AD 90 |
| Overall | 73 | 2326 | 2.82 | 0.698 | 1.1075 | 0.233 | 0.53075 |
