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TABLE 1. Summary of the considered sites. Collections: aSenckenberg Natural History Collections Dresden, bNational Museum Prague, cState Museum of Natural History Stuttgart, dNaturhistorisches Museum Wien. *Absolute ages are - if not radiometrically determined - estimated from information available for the stratigraphic position of the sites. Abbreviations for dating: RM: radiometric. BS: biostratigraphy. LS: lithostratigraphy. The literature sources for dating and further information on the sites are indicated with superscript letters: 1Krutzsch (2011), 2Bellon et al. (1998), 3Knobloch et al. (1996), 4Rojík (2004), 5Moraweck et al. (2019), 6Standke et al. (2010), 7Krutzsch et al. (1992), 8Grimm et al. (2002), 9Standke (2008), 10Cajz (2000), 11Cajz (1999), 12Kvaček and Walther (2003), 13Teodoridis, and Kvaček (2015), 14Pers. comm. Miroslav Radon, Regional Museum of Teplice, Czech Republic, 15Goth et al. (2003), 16Rupp and Ćorić (2012b), 17Grunert et al. (2015), 17Rupp and Ćorić (2012a). Abbreviations for depositional setting: F: fluviatile. M: marine. V: volcanic. Abbreviations for Taxa: EF: Eotrigonobalanus furcinervis. DC: Daphnogene cinnamomifolia. PN: Platanus neptuni. Numbers in brackets indicate the number of available leaves. MAT and StD: Mean annual temperature and standard deviation, determined by CLAMP. GSP and StD: Growing season precipitation and standard deviation, determined by CLAMP. CLAMP results from Moraweck et al. (2019), with the exception of sites marked with an asterisk, which were taken from Teodoridis and Kvaček (2015). N.a.: data not available.

Site Site ID Age* Depositional setting Leaf material MAT ± StD GSP ± StD
Profen-Schwerzau 1ua 1 Bartonian1
40 - 37.8 (BS)
F PN (7) 18.0 ± 2.1 2106.3 ± 317
Kučlínb 2 Priabonian2
38.3+ 0.9 Ma (RM)
V DC (21)
PN (21)
16.8 ± 1.3* 1267 ± 497
Klausaa 3 Priabonian1
37.8 - 34.8 (BS)
F DC (17) 18.6 ± 1.3 700 ± 497
Svatava - Na Pískáchb 4 Priabonian3, 4
37.8 - 34 Ma (BS - Stare Sedlo Formation)
F DC (6) n.a. n.a.
Český Chloumekb 5 Priabonian3, 4
37.8 - 34 Ma (BS - Stare Sedlo Formation)
F DC (10)
EF (20)
n.a. n.a.
Schleenhain-2o-3ua 6 Priabonian1, 5, 6
36.4 - 34.8 (LS, BS)
F EF (18) 19.4 ± 2.1 2200.7 ± 317
Schleenhain-HCa 7 Rupelian1, 5, 6
33.9 - 33.0 (LS, BS)
F PN (12) 14.2 ± 1.3 654.5 ± 497
Haselbach-HCa 8 Rupelian1, 5, 6, 7
33.9 - 32 (LS, BS)
F EF (7) 11.6 ± 1.3 n.a.
Rauenbergc 9 Rupelian8
32.4 - 30.5 (BS)
M DC (48)
PN (41)
18.0 ± 1.3 1323.0 ± 497
Seifhennersdorfa 10 Rupelian2, 9
30.7 ± 0.7 Ma(RM)
V PN (7) 10.0 ± 1.3 849.4 ± 497
Markvartice u Děčínab 11 Rupelian10, 11, 12, 13, 14
30 - 28 (BS, LS, pers. comm.)
V PN (32) 11.9 ± 1.3* 1425.7 ± 497
Kleinsaubernitza 12 Chattian1, 15
27.5 - 26.5 (BS)
V EF (18) 13.4 ± 1.3 850.4 ± 497
Borna-Ost/Bockwitz-TC (BOB)a 13 Chattian1
25.5 - 24.5 (BS)
F PN (25) 10.1 ± 1.3 878.4 ± 497
Witznitz-WCa 14 Chattian1
24.5 - 23 (BS)
F EF (14)
PN (17)
13.8 ± 1.3 791.4 ± 497
Eferdingd 15 Chattian-Aquitanian16, 17
27 - 23 Ma (BS)
M DC (11) n.a. n.a.
Linzd 16 Aquitanian17, 18
23 - 22 (BS)
M PN (16) 16.0 ± 1.3 1147.5 ± 497