TABLE 1. Wood anatomical characters related to climatic variables and codification criteria for each one (Martínez-Cabrera et al., 2008).
| Character | Codification criteria |
| 1.- Growth rings | Present (1)/Absent (0) |
| 2.- Vessel grouping | Vessel clusters (2,3,>4) proportion |
| 3.- Vessel frequency | Number of vessels per square millimeter |
| 4.- Vessel diameter | Diameter in μm |
| 5.- Vessel wall thickness | Thickeness wall in μm |
| 6.- Helical sculpture | Present (1)/Absent (0) |
| 7.- Intervascular pit apertura diameter | Diameter in μm |
| 8.- Alternate intervessel pits | Present (1)/Absent (0) |
| 9-. Opposite intervessel pits | Present (1)/Absent (0) |
| 10.- Scalariform intervessel pits | Present (1)/Absent (0) |
| 11.- Simple perforation plates | Present (1)/Absent (0) |
| 12.- Scalariform perforation plates | Present (1)/Absent (0) |
| 13.- Fibre wall thickness (μm) | Thickeness wall in μm |
| 14.- Fibre lumen diameter (μm) | Lumen diameter (μm) |
| 15.- Tracheids | Present (1)/Absent (0) |
| 16.- Fibrotracheids | Present (1)/Absent (0) |
| 17.- Libriform fibres | Present (1)/Absent (0) |
| 18.- Parechyma diffuse in aggregates | Present (1)/Absent (0) |
| 19.- Vasicentric parenchyma | Present (1)/Absent (0) |
| 20.- Aliform parenchyma | Present (1)/Absent (0) |
| 21.- Apotracheal parenchyma bands | Present (1)/Absent (0) |
| 22.- Concentric parenchyma bands | Present (1)/Absent (0) |
| 23.- Marginal parenchyma | Present (1)/Absent (0) |
| 24.- Height of uniseriate ray | Height in μm |
| 25.- Height of uniseriate ray | Number of cells |
| 26.- Percentage of uniseriate rays | Percentage of uniseriate rays |
| 27.- Exclusively uniseriate rays | Present (1)/Absent (0) |
| 28.- Width of multiseriate ray | Width in μm |
| 29.- Width of multiseriate ray | Number of cells |
| 30.- Length of uniseriate extensions (μm) | Length in μm |
| 31.- Length of uniseriate extensions (nº cells) | Number of cells |
| 32.- Storied structure | Present (1)/Absent (0) |
| 33.- Heterocellular rays | Present (1)/Absent (0) |
| 34.- Homocellular rays | Present (1)/Absent (0) |
TABLE 2. Tracheal characteristics and codification criteria for each one (Carlquist and Hoekman, 1985).
| Character | Codification criteria |
| 1.- Vessels per square millimeter (Vmm2) | Number of vessels per square millimeter |
| 2.- Mean vessel diameter (VD) | Diameter in μm |
| 3.- Mean vessel lenght (VL) | Length in μm |
| 4.- Mean vessel grouping (VG) | Vessel clusters (2,3,>4) proportion |
| 5.- Mean number of bars per perforation plate (BAR) | Number of bars |
| 6.- Tracheid proportion (T) | Present (1)/Absent (0) |
| 7.- Proportion of helical sculpture (latewood+early wood proportions) (SE) | Present (1)/Absent (0) |
| 8.- Growth rings (GR) | Present (1)/Absent (0) |
| 9-. Mesomorphy index (Meso) | Vessel diameter ÷ Number of vessels per square millimeter |
TABLE 3. Equations obtained by Martínez-Cabrera et al, (2008) for the variables MAT (mean annual temperature), MART (mean annual range of temperature), MAPE (mean annual potential evaporation), MARPE (mean annual range of potential evaporation), Max PE (maximum potential evaporation) and Min PE (Minimum potential evaporation) and climatic estimations for Tehuacán Fm.
| Climatic Variable |
Equation | Estimation | |
| MAT | 1 | 27 - 0.42 (pit diameter) + 2.94 (apotracheal bands) - 33.88 (scalariform pits) | 24.9 °C |
| 2 | 29.9 - 32.85 (scalariform pits) - 0.75 (pit diameter) | 25.2 °C | |
| 3 | 23.53 - 31.33 (scalariform pits) + 6.11 (apotracheal bands) | 24.6 °C | |
| MART | 4 | 2.026 + 0.907 (pit diameter) + 1.37 (apotracheal bands) - 0.867 (fiber wall) | 5.5 °C |
| 5 | 2.91 + .889 (pit diameter) - 1.01 (fiber wall) | 4.6 °C | |
| MAPE | 6 | -1473.5 + 1228 (vessel grouping) + (vessel/mm2) | 936.7 mm |
| MARPE | 7 | -134.4 + 121.86 (vessel grouping) | 78.4 mm |
| Max PE | 8 | 144.467 + 2.58 (vessel/mm2) - 0.25 (cells height of uniseriate rays) | 169.9 mm |
| Min PE | 9 | 15.849 + 2.54 (vessel/mm2) | 42.51 mm |
TABLE 4. Data for the nine tracheal characteristics. * Carlquist y Hoekman, 1985, ** Martínez-Cabrera et al., 2008, *** Castañeda-Posadas, 2007. Vmm2 = vessels per square millimeter; VD= mean vessel diameter (μm); VL= mean vessel length (μm); VG= mean vessel grouping; BAR= mean number of bars per perforation plate; T= tracheid proportion; SE= proportion of helical sculpture (latewood + early wood proportions); GR= growing rings; MESO= mesomorphy index.
| Community / ecological category | Vmm2 | VD | VL | VG | BAR | T | SE | GR | MESO | |
| Riparian* | 163 | 50.7 | 418 | 1.77 | 6.7 | 37.5 | 12.5 | 56.3 | 253 | |
| Moist* | 198 | 36.6 | 338 | 4.62 | 4.1 | 30 | 20 | 75 | 106 | |
| Chaparral* | 299 | 29.2 | 261 | 4.76 | 0.12 | 24.4 | 54.9 | 62.2 | 66.7 | |
| Coastal sage* | 212 | 34.5 | 188 | 7.55 | 0 | 6.06 | 42.45 | 62.2 | 80.7 | |
| Alpine* | 442 | 20.9 | 266 | 2.53 | 4.7 | 58.3 | 29.15 | 75 | 27.1 | |
| Desert scrub* | 361 | 25.9 | 190 | 2.62 | 0 | 40 | 44 | 80 | 20.9 | |
| Desert wash* | 148 | 42.2 | 185 | 3.61 | 0 | 11.8 | 26.45 | 70.6 | 139 | |
| Succulents* | 44.6 | 57.5 | 245 | 1.84 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 66.7 | 368 | |
| Halophytes* | 58 | 29 | 100 | 2.6 | 0 | 0 | 12.5 | 50 | 25.8 | |
| Woodland* | 19.3 | 77.8 | 454 | 1.15 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 50 | 1950 | |
| Mountain forest** | 34.7 | 75.6 | 824 | 1.66 | 20.6 | 22.2 | 23.3 | 18.33 | 3512 | |
| Tropical deciduous forest** | 32.8 | 87.5 | 322 | 1.89 | 0 | 0.16 | 0 | 22.31 | 2811 | |
| Los Tuxtlas** | 13.2 | 120.8 | 635 | 1.79 | 0.53 | 0 | 0 | 6.67 | 13768 | |
| Tafelberg** | 13.9 | 90.8 | 577 | 1.55 | 0.24 | 0 | 8 | 4 | 6913 | |
| Porto Velho** | 13.6 | 104.6 | 477 | 1.56 | 0 | 0 | 4 | 0 | 8127 | |
| Manaus** | 9.5 | 107.5 | 540 | 1.65 | 1.2 | 0 | 0 | 6 | 12355 | |
| El Cien** | 16.24 | 126.7 | 313 | 1.49 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 18.18 | 5948 | |
| Tropical semi-deciduous forest*** | 11.6 | 143.7 | 345 | 1.65 | 0.01 | 0.29 | 0 | 0 | 4269 | |
| Xeric shrubland*** | 37.1 | 101.6 | 340 | 2.56 | 0 | 0.8 | 0 | 0 | 932 | |
| Tehuacán Formation | 10.5 | 171.3 | 344 | 1.74 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 19.9 | 6451 | |
TABLE 5. Euclidean distance values of the paleoflora of the Tehuacán Fm. compared with the rest of the communities.
| Communities | Tehuacán Formation |
| Tropical deciduous forest | 7.91 |
| Los Tuxtlas | 9.31 |
| Portovelho | 8.79 |
| Tafelberg | 9.84 |
| Manaus | 9.49 |
| Mountain forest | 12.33 |
| Tropical semi-deciduous forest | 8.41 |
| Xeric shrubland | 8.48 |
| El Cien | 8.14 |
TABLE 6. Euclidean distance values of the paleoflora of the Tehuacán Fm. and the rest of the communities and ecological categories.
| Communities | Tehuacán Formation |
| Riparian | 4.62 |
| Moist | 5.34 |
| Chaparral | 5.94 |
| Coastal sage | 5.45 |
| Alpine | 7.24 |
| Desert scrub | 6.59 |
| Desert wash | 4.70 |
| Succulents | 2.94 |
| Halophytes | 4.94 |
| Woodland | 2.78 |
| Mountain forest | 4.92 |
| Tropical deciduous forest | 2.14 |
| Los Tuxtlas | 2.71 |
| Tafelberg | 2.60 |
| Porto Velho | 2.28 |
| Manaus | 2.66 |
| El Cien | 1.44 |
| Tropical semi-deciduous forest | 1.87 |
| Xeric shrubland | 2.81 |
TABLE 7. MAPE, MARPE, Max PE and Min PE data of the communities taken into account in this work. Martínez-Cabrera and Cevallos-Ferriz, 2008*, Castañeda-Posadas, 2008**.
| Communities | MAPE (mm) |
MARPE (mm) |
Max PE (mm) |
Min PE (mm) |
| Tropical deciduous forest* | 1322.1 | 185.54 | 202.6 | 17.1 |
| Los Tuxtlas* | 1023.4 | 80.2 | 126.9 | 46.7 |
| Porto Velho* | 793 | 60 | 110 | 50 |
| Manaus* | 812.1 | 60.5 | 102 | 42.2 |
| Mountain forest* | 1400 | 70.3 | 170.3 | 100 |
| Tropical semi-deciduous forest** | 619.6 | 138 | 166 | 28 |
| Xeric shrubland** | 506 | 29 | 66 | 37 |
| El Cien* | 762.4 | 46.7 | 184.6 | 57 |
| Tehuacan Formation | 936.7 | 78.4 | 169.9 | 42.5 |
