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APPENDIX TABLE 1.

All measurements of CW, CH and CL are in mm. Incomplete measurements are represented by x. VLI and BI are ratios.

(WoD: width of diapophyses; Ns Ht: neural spine height; Nc Ht: neural canal height; Nc W: neural canal width; Angle: angle with centre of centrum; Dbfs: distance between foramina subcentralia; CV: cervicals; DV: dorsals; C: caudals).

Specimen Vertebra Position/
vertebra no.
CW CL CH WoZ Ns Ht Nc Ht Nc W Angle Dbfs
QM F12719 CV3 x 39.4 63.9 x x 21.95 18.55 x x
  CV4 59.1 36.5 58.7 x x x x 40 7.7
  CV5 63.95 34.5 62.45 x x 20.25 18.75 x 17.15
  CV6 60.05 35.55 56.55 x x x x 30 5.65
  CV7 66.1 34.55 65.25 x x 18.65 18.5 30 x
  CV8 63 33.9 58.05 x x x x x 10.25
  DV4 69.115 35.3 63.9 133.85 69.6 17.9 18.05 35 x
  DV6 64.1 35.85 61.4 x 53.9 21.6 18.8 45 x
  DV7 63.7 34.5 60.15 x x x x x x
  DV8 65.1 37.8 68.35 x x x x x x
  DV9 66.8 31.1 69.65 x x x x x x
  DV10 67.4 37.55 57.35 x x x x 35 x
  DV11 63.3 42.9 67.9 x 87.1 21.85 19.3 55 x
  DV12 63.45 40.6 64.9 x 86.3 20.45 x 55 x
  DV13 63.15 32.35 68.8 x x x x x x
  DV14 63.4 33.75 59.85 x x 19.5 17.5 55 x
  DV15 63.05 40.35 70.3 x x 22.45 18.3 x x
  DV16 71 39.9 65.8 x x 22.6 18.75 40 x
  DV18 67.95 39.7 67.75 x x 20 17.5 x x
  DV19 66.3 34.9 65.65 x x 21.45 18.3 x x
  DV21 62.45 39.65 66.4 x 76.45 19.45 15.25 45 x
  DV23 69.2 35 66.6 x x 17.95 16.55 40 x
  DV25 64.6 36.3 62.9 x x x x x x
  DV26 66.1 38.2 x 104 51.1 20.9 20.2 x x
  DV27 x 33.65 60.95 x x 22.9 21.15 35 x
  DV28 x 43 70.3 x x x x 35 x
  DV29 x 39.35 66.85 x x 21.2 19.4 45 x
QM F11050 QM F11216 69.1 66.1 51.3 x x x x x x
  QM F11219a 66.65 64.45 49.25 x x x x x x
  QM F11218 x x x x x x x x x
  QM F11219b 72.75 71.65 52.15 x x x x x x
  QM F11217 104.15 99.05 84.45 x x x x x x
  QM F11217 105.2 98.15 87.65 x x x x x x
QM F12934 CV4 84.7 86.9 65.95 x x x x x 4.3
  CV5 70.9 73.55 53.85 x x x x x 7.4
  CV6 84.5 88.3 65.9 x x x x x 5.1
  CV7 78.05 79.3 59.65 x x x x x 6.6
  CV8 81.95 84.35 62.4 x x x x x 5.5
  CV9 111.7 97.5 93.5 x x x x x 6.1
  CV10 90.95 94.6 80.2 x x x x x 7.7
  CV11 95.4 94.4 76.15 x x x x x 7.75
  CV12 101 98.6 78.4 x x x x x 9.35
  CV23 123.15 83.45 89.45 x x x x x 9.5
  CV24 103.85 97.45 93.3 x x x x x 12.25
  DV8 97.6 77.45 86.45 x x x x x x
  DV9 103.9 76.65 87.55 x x x x x x
  DV14 112.3 78 87.15 x x x x x x
  C1 111.6 72.8 80.6 x x x x x x
  C2 106.1 61.7 80.4 x x x x x x
  C3 105.5 70.7 78.15 x x x x x x
  C4 50.5 40.35 37.3 x x x x x x
  C5 54.6 39.6 43.65 x x x x x x
  C6 60.75 50.1 52.1 x x x x x x
  C7 73.85 52.45 65.15 x x x x x x
  C8 85.05 55.25 65.7 x x x x x x
  C9 81.95 56.85 75.65 x x x x x x
  C10 93.6 60.4 75.65 x x x x x x
  C11 86.6 60.5 74.15 x x x x x x
  C12 98.15 54.6 82.05 x x x x x x
  C13 91.55 57.4 77.05 x x x x x x
  x 104.1 64.6 x x x x x x x
  x 73.7 x 55.05 x x x x x 4.3
  x x 87.2 x x x x x x 22.95
  x x 91.15 x x x x x x 25.2
  x 115.2 85.8 x x x x x x 25
  x x 87.3 x x x x x x 17.3
  x x 82.2 x x x x x x 36.3
  x 106.5 74.25 x x x x x x x
  x 110.65 81.5 x x x x x x x
RM FR269 CV5 71.2 83.8 63.85 x x x x x 8.55
  CV7 76.75 73.2 57.4 x x x x x 9.7
  CV8 64.4 72.95 57.2 x x x x x 4.6
  CV10 76.4 83.5 63.75 x x x x x 7.45
  CV11 119.5 79.35 75.5 x x x x x 16.4
  CV12 107.45 79.35 72.3 x x x x x 12.3
  CV14 84 53.7 66.95 x x x x x x
  CV16 97 72.95 75.6 x x x x x x
  CV17 105 80.75 76.65 x x x x x 10.2
  CV18 94.9 87.9 71.85 x x x x x 9.6
  CV19 87.2 93.4 74.9 x x x x x 9.65
  P1 112.35 81.75 86.45 x x x x x x
  P2 111.5 80.95 87.1 x x x x x x
  P3 110.95 80.65 86.9 x x x x x x
  P4 110.9 81.2 86.5 x x x x x x
  DV1 109.55 91 76.55 x x x x x x
  DV2 109.5 91.55 76.9 x x x x x x
  DV16 86.6 51.5 59.25 x x x x x x
  DV17 87.85 74.6 78.55 x x x x x x
  DV23 94.5 60.9 65 x x x x x x
  S1 94 60.95 65.2 x x x x x x
  C2 84.25 51.65 68.2 x x x x x 13.55
  x x 50.6 x x x x x x x
  x x 82.15 x x x x x x 9.2
  x x 68.8 76.5 x x x x x 21
  x x 68.5 76.5 x x x x x 19.85
  x x 68.1 76.9 x x x x x 21.1
  x x x 77.35 x x x x x x
  x x x 75.7 x x x x x x
  x x 77.4 x x x x x x x
  x x 53.35 x x x x x x x
  x x 72.85 x x x x x x x
  x x 70.95 x x x x x x x
  x x 70.85 x x x x x x x
  x x 70.2 x x x x x x x
  x x 70.2 x x x x x x x
QM 20825 DV4 116.8 79.05 87.2 x x x x x x
  DV5 101.85 78.95 88.95 x x x x x x
  DV6 102.25 79.15 88.9 x x x x x x
  DV7 102.9 70.3 79.95 x x x x x x
  DV8 92.15 66.2 80 x x x x x x
  DV9 92 66.45 81.65 x x x x x x
  DV10 103.8 83 96.45 x x x x x x
  DV11 101.9 79.15 87 x x x x x x
  DV12 101 79 86.05 x x x x x x
  DV13 116.8 82.7 92.25 x x x x x x
  DV14 116 82.95 92.05 x x x x x x
  DV15 116.1 89.8 103.2 x x x x x x
  DV16 116 89 103 x x x x x x
  DV17 110.5 95.1 101.2 x x x x x x
  DV18 109.95 94.05 100.5 x x x x x x
  DV19 109.9 95.75 102.25 x x x x x x
  DV20 108.6 88.6 106.5 x x x x x x
  DV21 108.95 88.75 105.5 x x x x x x
  DV22 110.5 85.45 100 x x x x x x
  DV23 102.9 61.25 71 x x x x x x
  DV24 102.9 61.35 71 x x x x x x
  DV25 96 63.15 75.55 x x x x x x
QM L39 CV2 81 88 67 x x x x 45 9.55
  CV3 93.25 90.5 70.75 x x x x 45 8.55
  CV13 122.85 84.4 87.6 x x x x 25 16.35
  CV14 103.2 74.9 81 x x x x 25 17.3
  CV15 104 86.15 84.65 x x x x 30 19.3
  CV16 114.1 85.5 81.15 x x x x 15 20.75
Isolated PL PL1 76.65 77.05 66.15 x x x x 45 6.9
  PL2 78.4 81.1 64.2 x x x x 45 6.15
QM F171282 x 108.4 98.8 88.35 x x x x 35 12.05

 

APPENDIX TABLE 2.

Queensland Museum Collections sample numbering for the associated vertebrae of specimen QM F11050 (Eromangasaurus australis).

Current number Other number Description Trip
QM F11050 GSQ F10552 Posterior of skull 1
QM F11050 AM F60056 Anterior of skull 2
QM F12216 GSQ F10550b Cervical vertebra 1
QM F12217 GSQ F10551 Two cojoined vertebrae 1
QM F12218 GSQ F10550a Ventral impression of 12216 1
QM F12219 na Two vertebrae not in contact 2

 

 

APPENDIX TABLE 3.

PCA scores, % variance and eigenvalues for shape variables for posterior cervicals of newly described Australian xenopsarian specimens (including previously described QM F3567 from Sachs, 2004 and including polycotylid QM F12719) and posterior cervicals of non - Australian plesiosauromorph specimens. Data for QM F3567 and RM FR271 from Sachs (2004); Opallionectes andamookaensis from Kear (2005a); Elamosaurus platyurus, Thalassomedon haningtoni, Callawayasaurus colombiensis and Cm Zfr 115 from O'Keefe and Hiller (2006); Aristonectes quiriquinensis from Otero et al. (2014); Albertonectes vanderveldei from Kubo et al. (2012); Vegasaurus molyi from O'Gorman el. (2015); Tuarangisaurus keyesi from Hiller et al. (2017); AMNH FARB 1495, AMNH FARB 5835, Styxosaurus snowii, and AMNH FARB 2554 from Otero (2016); Aristonectes parvidens from O'Gorman (2016a); Kawanectes lafquenianus from O’Gorman (2016b); Lagenanectes richterae from Sachs et al. (2017) and Jucha squalea from Fischer et al. (2020).

  PC 1 PC 2 PC 3
HI 0.54329 -0.4349 0.71812
BI 0.82681 0.12873 -0.54756
BHI 0.14569 0.89123 0.42952
Eigenvalue 870.552 245.535 2.91016
% variance 77.798 21.942 0.26007

 

 

APPENDIX TABLE 4.

PCA scores, % variance and eigenvalues for SD-normalised data (cf. Vakil et al., 2020) for anterior cervicals of newly described Australian xenopsarian specimens (including polycotylid QM F12719) and anterior cervicals of non - Australian plesiosauromorph specimens. Data for QM F3567 and RM FR271 from Sachs (2004); Opallionectes andamookaensis from Kear (2005a); Elamosaurus platyurus, Thalassomedon haningtoni, Callawayasaurus colombiensis and Cm Zfr 115 from O'Keefe and Hiller (2006); Aristonectes quiriquinensis from Otero et al. (2014); Albertonectes vanderveldei from Kubo et al. (2012); Vegasaurus molyi from O'Gorman el. (2015); Tuarangisaurus keyesi from Hiller et al. (2017); AMNH FARB 1495, AMNH FARB 5835, Styxosaurus snowii, and AMNH FARB 2554 from Otero (2016); Aristonectes parvidens from O'Gorman (2016a); Kawanectes lafquenianus from O’Gorman (2016b); Lagenanectes richterae from Sachs et al. (2017) and Jucha squalea from Fischer et al. (2020).

Loadings PC 1 PC 2 PC 3
sdCW 0.58584 -0.44901 0.67467
sdCL 0.55382 0.82958 0.071199
sdCH 0.59166 -0.33194 -0.73468
Eigenvalue 2.68097 0.257741 0.06129
% variance 89.366 8.5914 2.043