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TABLE 1. A summary of the most recent phylogenetic definitions for higher order taxa given by Sereno and Norman.

Clade Definition
Sereno 2005 Norman 2014b
Ornithopoda The least inclusive clade containing Heterodontosaurus tucki Crompton and Charig, 1962 and Parasaurolophus walkeri Parks, 1922 but excluding Pachycephalosaurus wyomingensis (Gilmore, 1931), Triceratops horridus Marsh, 1889, Ankylosaurus magniventris Brown, 1908. Stem-based: all cerapodans closer to Edmontosaurus than to Triceratops (Norman et al., 2004).
Euornithopoda The most inclusive clade containing Parasaurolophus walkeri Parks 1922, but not Heterodontosaurus tucki Crompton and Charig, 1962, Pachycephalosaurus wyomingensis (Gilmore, 1931), Triceratops horridus Marsh, 1889, Ankylosaurus magniventris Brown, 1908.  
Iguanodontia The most inclusive clade containing Parasaurolophus walkeri Parks, 1922 but not Hypsilophodon foxii Huxley, 1869, or Thescelosaurus neglectus Gilmore, 1913. Stem-based: Edmontosaurus regalis and all taxa more closely related to E. regalis than to the taxa subtended to the clade (Hypsilophodontia) that includes Hypsilophodon foxii and Tenontosaurus tilletti.
Dryomorpha The most inclusive clade containing Dryosaurus altus (Marsh, 1878) and Parasaurolophus walkeri Parks, 1922  
Ankylopollexia The least inclusive clade containing Camptosaurus dispar (Marsh, 1879) and Parasaurolophus walkeri Parks, 1922. Stem-based: Edmontosaurus regalis and all taxa more closely related to E. regalis than to Dryosaurus altus.
Styracosterna The most inclusive clade containing Parasaurolophus walker Parks, 1922 but not Camptosaurus dispar (Marsh, 1879). Node-based: Batyrosaurus rozhdestvenskyi, Edmontosaurus regalis, their common ancestor, and all of its descendants.
Hadrosauroidea The most inclusive taxon containing Parasaurolophus walkeri Parks, 1922 but not Iguanodon bernissartensis Boulenger, 1881.  
Hadrosauridae The least inclusive taxon containing Saurolophus osborni Brown, 1912 and Parasaurolophus walkeri Parks, 1922 and including Hadrosaurus foulkii Leidy, 1858. Euhadrosauria

Node-based: Parasaurolophus, Saurolophus, Edmontosaurus, their most recent common ancestor, and all of its descendants.

 

 

 

 

 

TABLE 2. Phylogenetic definitions used in this analysis.

Clade Definition Original Author
(Other Uses)
Neornithischia All genasaurians more closely related to Parasaurolophus walker, Parks, 1922, than to Ankylosaurus magniventris Brown, 1908 or Stegosaurus stenops Marsh, 1877. Butler et al., 2008
Ornithopoda All genasaurians more closely related to Parasaurolophus walker, Parks, 1922, than to Triceratops horridus Marsh, 1889 Butler et al., 2008
Thescelosauridae All neornithischians more closely related to Thescelosaurus neglectus Gilmore, 1913 than

to Hypsilophodon foxii Huxley, 1869,

Dryosaurus altus (Marsh, 1878), or Parasaurolophus walkeri Parks 1922.

 

New, after Thescelosauridae, Buchholz, 2002

(Boyd, 2015)

Clypeodonta Hypsilophodon foxii, Edmontosaurus regalis, their most recent common ancestor, and all of its descendants. Norman, 2014a
Iguanodontia The most inclusive clade containing Parasaurolophus walkeri Parks 1922 but not Hypsilophodon foxii Huxley, 1869, or Thescelosaurus neglectus Gilmore, 1913. Sereno, 2005, emended from Sereno 1998
Rhabdodontoidea A stem-based taxon including all taxa more closely related to Zalmoxes robustus (Nopcsa 1902) and Rhabdodon priscus Matheron 1869 than to Dryosaurus altus (Marsh, 1878). New clade name
Rhabdodontidae A node-based taxon consisting of the most recent common ancestor of Zalmoxes robustus (Nopcsa 1902) and Rhabdodon priscus Matheron 1869 and all the descendants of this common ancestor. Weishampel et al., 2003
Dryomorpha The most inclusive clade containing Dryosaurus altus (Marsh, 1878) and Parasaurolophus walker, Parks 1922 Sereno, 2005, emended from Sereno, 1986
Dryosauridae The most inclusive clade containing Dryosaurus altus (Marsh, 1878) but not Parasaurolophus walkeri Parks 1922. Sereno, 2005, emended from Milner and Norman, 1984
Ankylopollexia The least inclusive clade containing Camptosaurus dispar (Marsh, 1879), Uteodon aphanoecetes (Carpenter and Wilson, 2008) and Parasaurolophus walker, Parks 1922. This study, emended from Sereno, 1998
Styracosterna The most inclusive clade containing Parasaurolophus walker Parks, 1922 but not Camptosaurus dispar (Marsh 1879) or Uteodon aphanoecetes (Carpenter and Wilson 2008). This study, emended from Sereno, 1998
Iguanodontidae The most inclusive clade containing Iguanodon bernissartensis Boulenger, 1881 but not Parasaurolophus walkeri Parks, 1922. Sereno, 2005, emended from Sereno 1998
Hadrosauroidea The most inclusive taxon containing Parasaurolophus walkeri Parks, 1922 but not Iguanodon bernissartensis Boulenger 1881, or Mantellisaurus atherfieldensis (Hooley 1925). Sereno, 2005, emended from Sereno, 1998

 

 

 

TABLE 3. Distributions of modeled variables in Bayesian analysis.

Statistic ESS Mean Standard Deviation
Posterior 365 -5592 13.90
Likelihood 343 -4919 11.89
Birth rate (ʎ)      
Late Cretaceous 979 0.371 0.106
Early Cretaceous 3950 0.316 0.155
Late Jurassic 1318 0.344 0.117
Middle Jurassic 3823 0.314 0.155
Early Jurassic 3832 0.315 0.158
Late Triassic 33 0.288 0.087
Death rate (µ)      
Late Cretaceous 995 0.359 0.109
Early Cretaceous 4001 0.305 0.154
Late Jurassic 3085 0.254 0.121
Middle Jurassic 3809 0.306 0.156
Early Jurassic 4001 0.307 0.154
Late Triassic 32 0.278 0.090
Sampling rate (ψ)      
Late Cretaceous 3836 1.22E-3 1.45E-3
Early Cretaceous 3323 2.52E-3 2.08E-3
Late Jurassic 4001 8.45E-4 9.15E-4
Middle Jurassic 291 6.61E-3 3.99E-3
Early Jurassic 99 7.59E-3 2.90E-3
Late Triassic 138 1.03E-2 3.72E-3
Sampling proportion (ρ) - 0.1 -