TABLE 1. Numbers and Descriptions of All Landmarks. Directionality of character naming reflects orientation in Figure 3. Characters labeled and named according to Hutchison (1968).
| Landmark | Description |
| 1 | Distal end of lesser tuberosity |
| 2 | Proximal end of lesser tuberosity |
| 3 | Proximal end of greater tuberosity |
| 4 | Distal end of greater tuberosity |
| 5 | Inflection between greater tuberosity and teres tubercle |
| 6 | Proximal end of teres tubercle |
| 7 | Greatest point of curvature on teres tubercle |
| 8 | Distal end of teres tubercle |
| 9 | Inflection between teres tubercle and minor sulcus |
| 10 | Greatest point of curvature of minor sulcus |
| 11 | Inflection between minor sulcus and entepicondylar process |
| 12 | Inflection between M. flexor digitorum ligament and trochlea |
| 13 | Lateral aspect of trochlea |
| 14 | Medial aspect of trochlea |
| 15 | Inflection between capitulum and major sulcus |
| 16 | Greatest point of curvature of major sulcus |
| 17 | Inflection between major sulcus and greater tubercle |
| 18 | Pectoral tubercle |
| 19 | Superior aspect of capitulum |
| 20 | Medial aspect of capitulum |
| 21 | Inferior aspect of capitulum |
| 22 | Lateral aspect of capitulum |
| 23 | Entepicondylar foramen |
| 24 | Fossa of the M. flexor digitorum ligament |
TABLE 2. Defining Locomotor Categories. Locomotor categories used in this study and their definitions were modified from Polly (2007).
| Locomotor category |
Description |
| Terrestrial | Spends most of time foraging on ground. May maintain a burrow for sleeping. |
| Semi-aquatic | Spends most of time foraging in water. May maintain a burrow for sleeping. |
| Semi-fossorial | Spends time foraging underground and on the surface. |
| Fossorial | Fully subterranean lifestyle. |
TABLE 3. Desman Tooth Size Comparisons with Magnatalpa fumamons gen. et sp. nov.material. A-P is anteroposterior length. B-L is buccolingual width. Measurements in mm. Min-max ranges provided for those with multiple samples. The ranges for Archaeodesmana include all 9 accepted species (A. pontica, A. vinea, A. turolensis, A. adroveri, A. luteyni, A. major, A. dekkersi, A. brailloni and A. bifida). The ranges for Desmana includes five accepted fossil species (D. kowalskae, D. nehringi, D. inflata, D. thermalis, and D. marci).
| Taxon | M1 | m2 | ||
| A-P | B-L | A-P | B-L | |
| Desmana moschata (n = 8) | 2.95 - 4.60 | 2.55 - 4.70 | 2.25 - 4.00 | 3.00 - 3.32 (n = 3) |
| Desmana (Minwer-Barakat et al., 2020) | 2.20 - 2.90 | -- | 2.50 - 3.40 | -- |
| Galemys pyrenaicus (n = 12) | 2.35 - 3.30 | 2.20 - 3.39 | 2.20 - 2.95 | 1.18 - 2.11 (n = 8) |
| Mygalinia hungarica (Rzebik-Kowalska and Rekovets, 2016) | -- | -- | 2.00 - 2.10 (n = 4) | 1.30 - 1.40 (n = 4) |
| Mygalea magna (van den Hoek Ostende and Fejfar, 2016) | 1.77 - 2.05 (n = 8) | 1.94 - 2.19 (n = 8) | 1.87 - 2.26 (n = 60) | 1.23 - 1.29 (n = 60) |
| Archaeodesmana (Martín-Suárez et al., 2001) | 2.60 - 3.50 | 2.00 - 3.10 | 2.10 - 2.70 | -- |
| Lemoynea biradicularis (Bown, 1980) | 2.71 - 2.72 | 2.92 - 3.08 | 2.17 - 2.28 | 1.56 - 1.75 |
| ETMNH 20747 | 3.41 | 3.35 | - | - |
| ETMNH 20779 | 3.57 | 3.43 | - | - |
| ETMNH 9664 | - | - | 2.98 | 2.37 |
TABLE 4. Postcranial Measurements for Parascalops grayensis sp. nov. Measurements in mm. * indicates incomplete specimens.
| Humerus | Radius | Ulna | ||||||||
|
ETMNH specimen |
Total length |
Proximal width |
Distal Width |
Greater tuberosity |
Lesser tuberosity |
Total length |
Width of lunar |
Diaphysis length |
Total length |
Length without |
| 6939 | 14 | 8.81 | 8.67 | 5.92 | 4.66 | - | - | - | - | - |
| 6940* | 14.9 | 10.59 | 8.4 | 6.46 | 5.35 | - | - | - | - | - |
| 12305* | 10.57 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| 20736* | 14.76 | 10.41 | 8.31 | 6.68 | 5.75 | - | - | - | - | - |
| 14849 | - | - | - | - | - | 11.21 | 2.34 | 9.44 | - | - |
| 20754 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 18.09 | 14.19 |
TABLE 5. Comparing Sizes of all Species of Parascalops. Measurements in mm. * indicates incomplete specimens.
| Taxon | Humerus length | Ulna length | Radius length |
| Parascalops breweri | 12.3 - 15.4 (n = 22) |
12.73 - 13.45 (n = 12) |
8.67 - 10.11 (n = 11) |
| Parascalops fossilis | 10.70 (n = 2) |
-- | -- |
| Parascalops grayensis sp. nov. | 13.48 - 15.52 (n = 4) |
13.33* - 14.34 (n = 2) |
10.26 (n = 1) |
TABLE 6. Measurements for GFS Mioscalops sp. Measurements in mm. * indicates incomplete specimens.
| ETMNH specimen | Humerus | Ulna | |||||
| Total length |
Proximal width |
Distal width |
Greater tuberosity |
Lesser tuberosity |
Total length |
Length without olecranon process |
|
| 20745* | 4.48 | - | 3.60 | - | - | - | - |
| 6942 | 7.99 | 5.19 | 3.46 | 3.02 | 3.00 | - | - |
| 9565* | 6.19 | - | 4.31 | - | - | - | - |
| 10345* | 5.46 | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| 6941 | 8.16 | 5.23 | 4.06 | 3.38 | 3.24 | - | - |
| 20740 | 8.01 | 5.26 | 4.01 | 3.72 | 3.04 | - | - |
| 20738* | - | - | - | - | - | 9.80 | 9.41 |
TABLE 7. Measurements for Neurotrichus sp. Tri is trigonid length. Tal is talonid length. All measurements in mm.
| ETMNH specimen | Humerus | Teeth | |||||||||
| Total length | Distal Width | m1 | m2 | m3 | |||||||
| Width | Tri | Tal | Width | Tri | Tal | Width | Tri | Tal | |||
| 20741 | 7.19 | 3.05 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| 9728 | - | - | 1.57 | 0.91 | 1.04 | 1.69 | 0.98 | 1.08 | - | - | - |
| 9713 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 1.40 | 0.95 | 0.90 |
| 20737 | - | - | 1.6 | 0.94 | 1.14 | - | - | - | 1.46 | 0.94 | 0.90 |
TABLE 8. Eigenvalues, % Variance of Axes, and Wilks’ Lambda for CVA.
| Function | Eigenvalue | % of Variance |
Canonical Correlation |
Wilks’ Lambda |
Significance |
| CV1 | 35.635 | 75.0 | 0.986 | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| CV2 | 10.244 | 21.6 | 0.954 | 0.034 | 0.000 |
| CV3 | 1.362 | 3.4 | 0.787 | 0.380 | 0.000 |
TABLE 9. Canonical Variates Analysis Classification for All Talpids.
| Predicted Group Membership | Total | ||||||
| Category | Fossorial | Terrestrial | Semi-aquatic | Semi-fossorial | |||
| Original | Count | Fossorial | 57 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 57 |
| Terrestrial | 0 | 18 | 0 | 0 | 18 | ||
| Semi-aquatic | 0 | 0 | 4 | 0 | 4 | ||
| Semi-fossorial | 1 | 0 | 0 | 55 | 56 | ||
| % | Fossorial | 100.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 100.0 | |
| Terrestrial | 0.0 | 100.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 100.0 | ||
| Semi-aquatic | 0.0 | 0.0 | 100.0 | 0.0 | 100.0 | ||
| Semi-fossorial | 1.9 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 98.1 | 100.0 | ||
| Cross-validated | Count | Fossorial | 57 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 57 |
| Terrestrial | 0 | 16 | 2 | 0 | 18 | ||
| Semi-aquatic | 0 | 0 | 3 | 1 | 4 | ||
| Semi-fossorial | 2 | 0 | 1 | 53 | 56 | ||
| % | Fossorial | 100.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 100.0 | |
| Terrestrial | 0.0 | 88.9 | 11.1 | 0.0 | 100.0 | ||
| Semi-aquatic | 0.0 | 0.0 | 75.0 | 25.0 | 100.0 | ||
| Semi-fossorial | 3.7 | 0.0 | 1.9 | 94.4 | 100.0 | ||
TABLE 10. Classification of Fossils. P(D/G) represents the conditional probability of the observed discriminant function score, given membership in the most likely group. P(G/D) represents the posterior probability that a case belongs to the predicted group, given the sample used to create the discriminant model.
| Case | Taxon | Predicted group | P(D>d | G=g) | P(G=g | D=d) |
| 88 | Condylura kowalskii | Semi-fossorial | 0.291 | 1.000 |
| 89 | Desmanella gudrunae | Terrestrial | 0.749 | 1.000 |
| 90 | Desmanodon crocheti | Semi-fossorial | 0.244 | 1.000 |
| 91 | Desmanodon fluegeli | Semi-fossorial | 0.921 | 1.000 |
| 92 | Gaillardia thompsoni | Terrestrial | 0.272 | 1.000 |
| 96 | Geotrypus montisasini | Semi-fossorial | 0.503 | 1.000 |
| 97 | Leptoscaptor robustor | Fossorial | 0.440 | 1.000 |
| 98 | Mioscalops sp. ETMNH 6941 | Semi-fossorial | 0.211 | 1.000 |
| 99 | Mioscalops sp. ETMNH 6942 | Fossorial | 0.122 | 1.000 |
| 100 | Mygalea magna | Semi-aquatic | 0.001 | 0.521 |
| 101 | Myxomygale minor | Semi-fossorial | 0.000 | 1.000 |
| 102 | ? Rzebikia polonicus | Semi-fossorial | 0.351 | 1.000 |
| 103 | Parascalops grayensis ETMNH 6939 | Fossorial | 0.009 | 1.000 |
| 104 | Parascalops grayensis ETMNH 6940 | Fossorial | 0.561 | 1.000 |
| 105 | Parascalops fossilis | Fossorial | 0.253 | 1.000 |
| 106 | Proscapanus sansansiensis | Semi-fossorial | 0.327 | 1.000 |
| 107 | Quyania chowi | Semi-fossorial | 0.177 | 1.000 |
| 108 | Quyania cf. Q. europaea | Semi-fossorial | 0.088 | 1.000 |
| 109 | Quyania polonicus | Semi-fossorial | 0.645 | 1.000 |
| 110 | Mioscalops sp. A | Semi-fossorial | 0.120 | 1.000 |
| 111 | Mioscalops ripafodiator | Semi-fossorial | 0.228 | 1.000 |
| 112 | Mioscalops sp. E | Semi-fossorial | 0.270 | 1.000 |
| 113 | Tenuibrachiatum storchi | Semi-fossorial | 0.635 | 1.000 |
| 122 | Yanshuella primaeva | Semi-fossorial | 0.003 | 0.977 |
| 123 | Yunoscaptor scalprum | Semi-fossorial | 0.087 | 1.000 |
| 134 | Neurotrichus sp. ETMNH 4915 | Semi-fossorial | 0.092 | 1.000 |
| 135 | Neurotrichus sp. ETMNH 10277 | Semi-fossorial | 0.080 | 1.000 |
