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Fossil lobsters from Canada: Appendices

APPENDIX 1

Figure illustrating the locations of measurements of Uncinidae chelae morphology used in this study.

appendix1

 

APPENDIX 2

Table of measurements of Uncinidae chelae morphology.

Specimen Number Species Figure in
Appendix 4		 Manus
Length
(mm)		 Manus
Height
(mm)		 Propodus
Length
(mm)		 Dactylus
Length
(mm)		 Dactylus
Thickness
(mm)		 Dactylus
Height
(mm)		 Manus
Height at
Attachment
(mm)		 Index
Length
(mm)		 Notch
Length
(mm)		 Notch
Height
(mm)		 Index
Height
(mm)		 Index
Length to Index
Height
Ratio		 Notch
Length to Notch
Height
Ratio		 Notch
Height to
Notch
Length
Ratio		 Manus
Length to
Index
Length
Ratio		 Manus Height
at Attachment
to Manus
Height Ratio		 Dactylus
Thickness to
Index
Height
Ratio
TMP 2018.024.0005 U. pacifica A4-26 - - - 23.01 11.28 16.92 - - - - - - - - - - -
TMP 2018.024.0035 U. pacifica A4-31 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
TMP 2018.024.0004 U. pacifica A4-34 - 10.60 - - - - - 7.83 2.81 3.88 6.18 1.267 0.724 1.381 - - -
TMP 2018.024.0003 U. pacifica A4-27 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
TMP 2017.015.0007 U. pacifica A4-25 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
TMP 2017.015.0005 U. pacifica A4-24 27.04 11.85 38.33 12.61 4.64 8.61 5.61 11.29 3.2 3.28 7.32 1.542 0.976 1.025 2.395 0.473 0.634
TMP 2017.015.0003 U. pacifica A4-23 14.17 8.99 25.46 11.15 4.28 7.46 - - - - - - - - - - -
TMP 2017.015.0001a U. pacifica A4-22 16.92 9.59 24.5 9.81 4.01 7.26 4.76 6.46 2.39 2.91 6.69 0.966 0.821 1.218 2.619 0.496 0.599
TMP 2017.015.0001b U. pacifica A4-22 15.21 10.22 24.69 10.42 4.53 6.47 5.02 5.05 2.42 3.65 7.38 0.684 0.663 1.508 3.012 0.491 0.614
TMP 2016.027.0003 U. pacifica A4-21 34.87 22.91 - - - - 9.81 - - - 16.53 - - - - 0.428 -
TMP 2015.050.0069 U. pacifica A4-18 & A4- 19 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
TMP 2015.050.0039 U. pacifica A4-17 27.63 17.38   15.7 7.36 9.45 7.36 11.6 - - 9.6 1.208 - - 2.382 0.423 0.767
TMP 2014.021.0023 U. pacifica A4-39 26.82 19.62 45.43 21.83 9.99 13.89 7.92 14.84 3.39 6.74 14.94 0.993 0.503 1.988 1.807 0.404 0.669
TMP 2015.050.0038 U. pacifica A4-16 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
TMP 2014.021.0033 U. pacifica A4-13 - - - - - - - - - - -   - - - - -
TMP 2014.021.0034 U. pacifica A4-14 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
TMP 2014.021.0007 U. pacifica A4-12 31.05 15.67 49.76 15.75 6.95 7.47 5.74 10.79 - 4.91 12.16 0.887 - - 2.878 0.366 0.572
TMP 2002.043.0012 U. pacifica A4-7       12.11 5.56 7.74 - - - - - - - - - - -
TMP 2002 043.0019a U. pacifica A4-9 14.91 8.28 27.7 11.2 4.47 8.04 4.98 7.02 2.78 2.71 6.37 1.102 1.026 0.975 2.124 0.601 0.702
TMP 2002 043.0019b U. pacifica A4-9 - - - 11.8 4.24 8.67 - - - - - - - - - - -
TMP 2014.021.0003 U. pacifica A4-10 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
TMP 2002.043.0008 U. pacifica A4-6 18.02 9.5 27.7 - - - 4.35 8.77 3.26 2.84 6.98 1.256 1.148 0.871 2.055 0.458 -
TMP 2002.043.0015 U. pacifica A4-8 - - - - - - - 7.4 - - 6.97 1.062 - - - - -
TMP 2002.043.0007 U. pacifica A4-5 - - - 10.75 4.48 7.8 - - - - - - - - - - -
TMP 2002.043.0003a U. pacifica A4-2 - 9.63 - - - - - 8.38 4.07 4.1 8.59 0.976 0.993 1.007 - - -
TMP 2002.043.0003b U. pacifica A4-2 - - - - - - - 7.96 2.69 4.12 7.19 1.107 0.653 1.532 - - -
TMP 2002.043.0006 U. pacifica A4-4 - 8.79 - - - - - 6.35 2.68 3.25 - - 0.825 1.213 - - -
TMP 2002.043.0002 U. pacifica A4-1 - - - 16.56 6.9 10.78 - - - - - - - - - - -
TMP 2014.021.0008 U. pacifica A4-38 - - - 15.33 7.32 11.51 - - - - - - - - - - -
TMP 2014.021.0002 & TMP 2013.036.0004 U. pacifica A4-37 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
TMP 2002.043.0004 U. pacifica A4-3 16.63 11.34 27.68 13.15 4.76 7.21 4.78 8.69 3.55 3.35 6.9 1.259 1.060 0.944 1.914 0.422 0.690
TMP 2002.043.0005 U. pacifica A4-35 - 19.94 - 18.22 8.32 12.68 - 10.73 4.34 6.44 - - 0.674 1.484 - - -
TMP 2014.021.0004 U. pacifica A4-11 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
KMNH IvP 300,027 U. pacifica Schweigert et al., 2003, Figure 4 26.43 - 29.98 11.08 28.073 - 20.89 4.4 4.54 7.9 - - 0.575 1.740 6.007 - -
TMP 2018.024.0009 U. ollerenshawi A4-30 - - - 25.6 7.38 10.75 - - - - - - -   - - -
TMP 2018.024.0006 U. ollerenshawi A4-28 - - - - - - - - 4.75 3.53 9.07 - 1.346 0.743 - - -
TMP 2016.027.0008 U. ollerenshawi A4-33 - - - 41.54 8.95 15.99 - - - - - - -   - - -
TMP 2015.051.0063 U. ollerenshawi A4-20 19.54 10.71 41.46 21.04 5.9 8.24 7.54 17.84 2.03 3.14 7.05 0.395 0.646 0.646 1.095 0.704 0.837
TMP 2014.021.0052A U. ollerenshawi A4-15 - - - - - - - - - - - - -   - - -
TMP 2014.021.0052B U. ollerenshawi A4-15 - - - - - - - - - - - - -   - - -
TMP 2015.050.0011 U. ollerenshawi A4-40 24.77 11.5 53.09 29.16 5.84 8.86 9.06 21.4 6.65 7.22 7.02 0.328 0.921 0.921 1.157 0.788 0.832
TMP 2013.036.0002 U. ollerenshawi A4-16 35.2 17.13 74.76 37.94 8.7 13.04 10.63 31.66 5.35 4.69 11.18 0.353 1.141 1.141 1.112 0.621 0.778
TMP 2005.028.0004 U. ollerenshawi A4-42 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
TMP 2018.024.0007 U. ollerenshawi A4-29 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
GSC 80067 A * HOLOTYPE U. ollerenshawi A4-32 43.67 12.05 64.61 22.11 5.84 11.31 8.81 13.95 4.84 4.959 8.33 0.597 0.976 0.976 3.130 0.731 0.701
GSC 80067 B * HOLOTYPE U. ollerenshawi A4-32 40.54 14.49 59.41 22.01 6.4 11.1 8.65 14.27 5.18 4.5 6.8 0.477 1.151 1.151 2.841 0.597 0.941
MB.A.3826 top claw U. posidoniae A4-41 24.73 7.67 39.16 14.77 4.08 7.06 5.03 9.9 2.43 3.06 4.07 0.411 0.794 1.259 2.498 0.656 1.002
MB.A.3826 bottom claw U. posidoniae A4-41 24.52 7.99 39.51 13.27 3.56 6.61 5.24 9.8 2.39 2.94 4.74 0.484 0.813 1.612 2.502 0.656 0.751
Posidoniae1A U. posidoniae   46.58 16.731 70.275 27.12 7.46 9.846 14.098 20.376 - - 7.797 0.383 - - 2.286 0.843 0.957
Posidoniae1B U. posidoniae   44.228 17.3 70.89 28.049 14.77 9.45 14.6 19.608 5.61 4.98 9.57 0.488 1.127 1.922 2.256 0.844 1.543
Posidoniae2 U. posidoniae   54.74 19.62 91.92 32.16 10.82 17.72 11.009 22.61 5.18 7.06 13.7 0.606 0.734 1.941 2.421 0.561 0.790
Poidoniae LECTOTYPE U. posidoniae Schweigert et al., 2003, Plate 1 57.96 20.167 91.18 32.404 10.77 16.064 13.971 23.506 - - 12.278 0.522 - - 2.466 0.693 0.877
SMNS no. 29150 top claw U. posidoniae Schweigert et al., 2003, Plate 2 45.81 16.12 69.31 27.496 9.573 14.533 14.134 19.006 - - 8.967 0.472 - - 2.410 0.877 1.068
SMNS no. 29150 bottom claw U. posidoniae Schweigert et al., 2003, Plate 3 45.66 16.26 68.54 26.419 9.451 14.22 13.802 18.971 - - 9.097 0.480 - - 2.407 0.849 1.039
No ID "Plate 4" top claw U. posidoniae Schweigert et al., 2003, Plate 4 40.495 11.034 63.584 22.9 5.935 10.932 8.661 14.718 4.754 4.566 8.038 0.546 1.041 1.760 2.751 0.785 0.738
No ID "Plate 4" bottom claw U. posidoniae Schweigert et al., 2003, Plate 4 41.204 12.804 62.095 21.799 5.517 12.36 8.96 14.705 3.799 4.857 6.503 0.442 0.782 1.339 2.802 0.700 0.848
SMNS no. 62815 U. posidoniae Schweigert et al., 2003, Plate 8 45.135 14.623 67.417 23.006 6.774 11.284 11.065 14.493 4.549 5.562 9.162 0.632 0.818 1.647 3.114 0.757 0.739
MSNM no. i10864 left claw U. alpina Schweigert et al., 2003, Plate 10, Figure 2 13.31 3.15 19.08 5.12 2.03 2.74 2.84 1.65 0.79 1.72 1.99 1.20 0.46 2.18 8.06 0.90 1.02
MSNM no. i10864 right claw U. alpina Schweigert et al., 2003, Plate 10, Figure 2 - 3.69 - 4.69 1.80 2.93 - 1.71 0.82 1.61 2.38 1.39 0.51 1.96 - - 0.76
MNSM no. i10863 U. alpina Schweigert et al., 2003, Plate 10, Figure 3 - 5.29 - 5.40 2.46 4.06 - 2.83 1.44 1.97 2.92 1.03 0.73 1.37 - - 0.84
MNSM no. i10851 part U. alpina Schweigert et al., 2003, Plate 10, Figure 5 - 4.20 - 6.00 2.70 4.16 - 2.82 1.24 1.56 2.89 1.02 0.79 1.26 - - 0.93
MNSM no. i10851 counterpart U. alpina Schweigert et al., 2003, Plate 10, Figure 5 - 4.30 - 6.50 2.31 4.28 - 2.97 1.21 1.33 3.02 1.02 0.91 1.10 - - 0.76

 

 

APPENDIX 3

R Code for Boxplots and Wilcoxon-Ranked Sum tests (R Studio)

##### BOX PLOTS###

# boxes colored by species

#index ratio

boxplot(Appendix2Rtrim$`IndexLengthtoHeight` ~ as.factor(Appendix2Rtrim$Species), main="Index length to index height ratio in Appendix2RTRIMMED Uncinids", xlab="Species", col=c('steelblue3', 'darkorchid3', 'dark green', 'dark red'))

#notch ratio

boxplot(Appendix2Rtrim$`NotchLengthtoNotchHeight` ~ as.factor(Appendix2Rtrim$Species), main="Notch length to notch height ratio in Appendix2RTRIMMED Uncinidas", xlab="Species", col=c('steelblue3', 'darkorchid3', 'dark green', 'dark red'))

#Length

boxplot(Appendix2Rtrim$`PropodusLength` ~ as.factor(Appendix2Rtrim$Species), main="Length of chelae in Appendix2RTRIMMED Uncinids", xlab="Species", col=c('steelblue3', 'darkorchid3', 'dark green', 'dark red'))

#Manus Length:Index Length

boxplot(Appendix2Rtrim$`ManustoIndexLength` ~ as.factor(Appendix2Rtrim$Species), main="Manus length to index length of Appendix2RTRIMMED Uncinids", xlab="Species", col=c('steelblue3', 'darkorchid3', 'dark green', ' dark red'))

#Dactylus Thickness:Index Height

boxplot(Appendix2Rtrim$`DactylusThicknesstoIndexHeight` ~ as.factor(Appendix2Rtrim$Species), main="Dactylus Thickness to index height of Appendix2RTRIMMED Uncinids", xlab="Species",

col=c('steelblue3', 'darkorchid3', 'dark green', ' dark red'))

#Manus Height Min:Max

boxplot(Appendix2Rtrim$`ManusHeightAttachtoManusHeight` ~ as.factor(Appendix2Rtrim$Species), main="Manus height at attachment to Max height to index length of Appendix2RTRIMMED Uncinids", xlab="Species", col=c('steelblue3', 'darkorchid3', 'dark green', ' dark red'))

###### Species Comparisons ######

UPAC <- subset(Appendix2Rtrim, Species=="U. pacifica",)

UPOS <- subset(Appendix2Rtrim, Species=="U. posidoniae",)

UALP <- subset(Appendix2Rtrim, Species=="U. alpina",)

UOLL <- subset(Appendix2Rtrim, Species=="U. ollerenshawi",)

##### TABLE 3 #####

#p-value results of the Wilcoxon Ranked-Sum tests comparing dactylus thickness to index height of each uncinid species. This test was employed to distinguish the differences in the depth of the index of each species. Alpha value = 0.05; see Table 2 for measurements and Appendix 3 for R code

#alternative hypothesis: true location shift is not equal to 0

#DactylusThicknesstoIndexHeight#

PASVPOS <- wilcox.test(na.omit(UPAC$DactylusThicknesstoIndexHeight), na.omit(UPOS$DactylusThicknesstoIndexHeight), alternative = c("two.sided", "less", "greater"), conf.level = 0.99, paired=F)

PASVPOS

#data: na.omit(UPAC$DactylusThicknesstoIndexHeight) and na.omit(UPOS$DactylusThicknesstoIndexHeight)

#W = 3, p-value = 0.0001852

PASVALP <- wilcox.test(na.omit(UPAC$DactylusThicknesstoIndexHeight), na.omit(UALP$DactylusThicknesstoIndexHeight), alternative = c("two.sided", "less", "greater"), conf.level = 0.99, paired=F)

PASVALP

#data: na.omit(UPAC$DactylusThicknesstoIndexHeight) and na.omit(UALP$DactylusThicknesstoIndexHeight)

#W = 2, p-value = 0.006216

PASVOLL <- wilcox.test(na.omit(UPAC$DactylusThicknesstoIndexHeight), na.omit(UOLL$DactylusThicknesstoIndexHeight), alternative = c("two.sided", "less", "greater"), conf.level = 0.99, paired=F)

PASVOLL

#na.omit(UPAC$DactylusThicknesstoIndexHeight) and na.omit(UOLL$DactylusThicknesstoIndexHeight)

#W = 2, p-value = 0.006216

OLLVPOS <- wilcox.test(na.omit(UOLL$DactylusThicknesstoIndexHeight), na.omit(UPOS$DactylusThicknesstoIndexHeight), alternative = c("two.sided", "less", "greater"), conf.level = 0.99, paired=F)

OLLVPOS

#data: na.omit(UOLL$DactylusThicknesstoIndexHeight) and na.omit(UPOS$DactylusThicknesstoIndexHeight)

#W = 17, p-value = 0.2674

OLLVALP <- wilcox.test(na.omit(UOLL$DactylusThicknesstoIndexHeight), na.omit(UALP$DactylusThicknesstoIndexHeight), alternative = c("two.sided", "less", "greater"), conf.level = 0.99, paired=F)

OLLVALP

#data: na.omit(UOLL$DactylusThicknesstoIndexHeight) and na.omit(UALP$DactylusThicknesstoIndexHeight)

#W = 10, p-value = 0.6905

ALPVPOS <- wilcox.test(na.omit(UALP$DactylusThicknesstoIndexHeight), na.omit(UPOS$DactylusThicknesstoIndexHeight), alternative = c("two.sided", "less", "greater"), conf.level = 0.99, paired=F)

ALPVPOS

#data: na.omit(UALP$DactylusThicknesstoIndexHeight) and na.omit(UPOS$DactylusThicknesstoIndexHeight)

#W = 24, p-value = 0.7427

##### TABLE 4 #####

#p-value results of the Wilcoxon Ranked-Sum tests comparing the index length to index height of each uncinid species. This test was employed to determine the differences in the shape of the index between species. Alpha value = 0.05; see Table 2 for measurements and Appendix 3 for R code.

#alternative hypothesis: true location shift is not equal to 0

#IndexLengthtoHeight#

PASVPOS <- wilcox.test(na.omit(UPAC$IndexLengthtoHeight), na.omit(UPOS$IndexLengthtoHeight), alternative = c("two.sided", "less", "greater"), conf.level = 0.99, paired=F)

PASVPOS

#data: na.omit(UPAC$IndexLengthtoHeight) and na.omit(UPOS$IndexLengthtoHeight)

#W = 143, p-value = 8.012e-07

PASVALP <- wilcox.test(na.omit(UPAC$IndexLengthtoHeight), na.omit(UALP$IndexLengthtoHeight), alternative = c("two.sided", "less", "greater"), conf.level = 0.99, paired=F)

PASVALP

#data: na.omit(UPAC$DactylusThicknesstoIndexHeight) and na.omit(UALP$DactylusThicknesstoIndexHeight)

#W = 30, p-value = 0.849

PASVOLL <- wilcox.test(na.omit(UPAC$IndexLengthtoHeight), na.omit(UOLL$IndexLengthtoHeight), alternative = c("two.sided", "less", "greater"), conf.level = 0.99, paired=F)

PASVOLL

#na.omit(UPAC$IndexLengthtoHeight) and na.omit(UOLL$IndexLengthtoHeight)

#W = 65, p-value = 0.0002334

OLLVPOS <- wilcox.test(na.omit(UOLL$IndexLengthtoHeight), na.omit(UPOS$IndexLengthtoHeight), alternative = c("two.sided", "less", "greater"), conf.level = 0.99, paired=F)

OLLVPOS

#data: na.omit(UOLL$IndexLengthtoHeight) and na.omit(UPOS$IndexLengthtoHeight)

#W = 14, p-value = 0.1451

OLLVALP <- wilcox.test(na.omit(UOLL$IndexLengthtoHeight), na.omit(UALP$IndexLengthtoHeight), alternative = c("two.sided", "less", "greater"), conf.level = 0.99, paired=F)

OLLVALP

#data: na.omit(UOLL$IndexLengthtoHeight) and na.omit(UALP$IndexLengthtoHeight)

#W = 0, p-value = 0.007937

ALPVPOS <- wilcox.test(na.omit(UALP$IndexLengthtoHeight), na.omit(UPOS$IndexLengthtoHeight), alternative = c("two.sided", "less", "greater"), conf.level = 0.99, paired=F)

ALPVPOS

#data: na.omit(UALP$IndexLengthtoHeight) and na.omit(UPOS$IndexLengthtoHeight)

#W = 55, p-value = 0.0004579

##### TABLE 5 #####

#. p-value results of the Wilcoxon Ranked-Sum tests comparing the manus height at its minimum and its maximum for each uncinid species. This test was employed to determine the differences in the overall shape of the claw between species. Alpha value = 0.05; see Table 2 for measurements and Appendix 3 for R code.

#alternative hypothesis: true location shift is not equal to 0

#ManusHeightAttachtoManusHeight#

PASVPOS <- wilcox.test(na.omit(UPAC$ManusHeightAttachtoManusHeight), na.omit(UPOS$ManusHeightAttachtoManusHeight), alternative = c("two.sided", "less", "greater"), conf.level = 0.99, paired=F)

PASVPOS

#data: na.omit(UPAC$ManusHeightAttachtoManusHeight) and na.omit(UPOS$ManusHeightAttachtoManusHeight)

#W = 1, p-value = 1.134e-05

PASVALP <- wilcox.test(na.omit(UPAC$ManusHeightAttachtoManusHeight), na.omit(UALP$ManusHeightAttachtoManusHeight), alternative = c("two.sided", "less", "greater"), conf.level = 0.99, paired=F)

PASVALP

#data: na.omit(UPAC$ManusHeightAttachtoManusHeight) and na.omit(UALP$ManusHeightAttachtoManusHeight)

#W = 0, p-value = 0.1818

PASVOLL <- wilcox.test(na.omit(UPAC$ManusHeightAttachtoManusHeight), na.omit(UOLL$ManusHeightAttachtoManusHeight), alternative = c("two.sided", "less", "greater"), conf.level = 0.99, paired=F)

PASVOLL

#na.omit(UPAC$ManusHeightAttachtoManusHeight) and na.omit(UOLL$ManusHeightAttachtoManusHeight)

#W = 1, p-value = 0.001332

OLLVPOS <- wilcox.test(na.omit(UOLL$ManusHeightAttachtoManusHeight), na.omit(UPOS$ManusHeightAttachtoManusHeight), alternative = c("two.sided", "less", "greater"), conf.level = 0.99, paired=F)

OLLVPOS

#data: na.omit(UOLL$ManusHeightAttachtoManusHeight) and na.omit(UPOS$ManusHeightAttachtoManusHeight)

#W = 19, p-value = 0.3773

OLLVALP <- wilcox.test(na.omit(UOLL$ManusHeightAttachtoManusHeight), na.omit(UALP$ManusHeightAttachtoManusHeight), alternative = c("two.sided", "less", "greater"), conf.level = 0.99, paired=F)

OLLVALP

#data: na.omit(UOLL$ManusHeightAttachtoManusHeight) and na.omit(UALP$ManusHeightAttachtoManusHeight)

#W = 0, p-value = 0.3333

ALPVPOS <- wilcox.test(na.omit(UALP$ManusHeightAttachtoManusHeight), na.omit(UPOS$ManusHeightAttachtoManusHeight), alternative = c("two.sided", "less", "greater"), conf.level = 0.99, paired=F)

ALPVPOS

#data: na.omit(UALP$ManusHeightAttachtoManusHeight) and na.omit(UPOS$ManusHeightAttachtoManusHeight)

#W = 11, p-value = 0.1667

##### TABLE 6 #####

#p-value results of the Wilcoxon Ranked-Sum tests comparing the manus length to index length of each uncinid species. This test was employed to determine the differences in the relative length of the fingers between species. Alpha value = 0.05; see Table 2 for measurements and Appendix 3 for R code.

#alternative hypothesis: true location shift is not equal to 0

#ManustoIndexLength#

PASVPOS <- wilcox.test(na.omit(UPAC$ManustoIndexLength), na.omit(UPOS$ManustoIndexLength), alternative = c("two.sided", "less", "greater"), conf.level = 0.99, paired=F)

PASVPOS

#data: na.omit(UPAC$ManustoIndexLength) and na.omit(UPOS$ManustoIndexLength)

#W = 43, p-value = 0.4262

PASVALP <- wilcox.test(na.omit(UPAC$ManustoIndexLength), na.omit(UALP$ManustoIndexLength), alternative = c("two.sided", "less", "greater"), conf.level = 0.99, paired=F)

PASVALP

#data: na.omit(UPAC$ManustoIndexLength) and na.omit(UALP$ManustoIndexLength)

#W = 0, p-value = 0.1818

PASVOLL <- wilcox.test(na.omit(UPAC$ManustoIndexLength), na.omit(UOLL$ManustoIndexLength), alternative = c("two.sided", "less", "greater"), conf.level = 0.99, paired=F)

PASVOLL

#na.omit(UPAC$ManustoIndexLength) and na.omit(UOLL$ManustoIndexLength)

#W = 34, p-value = 0.3097

OLLVPOS <- wilcox.test(na.omit(UOLL$ManustoIndexLength), na.omit(UPOS$ManustoIndexLength), alternative = c("two.sided", "less", "greater"), conf.level = 0.99, paired=F)

OLLVPOS

#data: na.omit(UOLL$ManustoIndexLength) and na.omit(UPOS$ManustoIndexLength)

#W = 21, p-value = 0.5096

OLLVALP <- wilcox.test(na.omit(UOLL$ManustoIndexLength), na.omit(UALP$ManustoIndexLength), alternative = c("two.sided", "less", "greater"), conf.level = 0.99, paired=F)

OLLVALP

#data: na.omit(UOLL$ManusHeightAttachtoManusHeight) and na.omit(UALP$ManusHeightAttachtoManusHeight)

#W = 0, p-value = 0.3333

ALPVPOS <- wilcox.test(na.omit(UALP$ManustoIndexLength), na.omit(UPOS$ManustoIndexLength), alternative = c("two.sided", "less", "greater"), conf.level = 0.99, paired=F)

ALPVPOS

#data: na.omit(UALP$ManustoIndexLength) and na.omit(UPOS$ManustoIndexLength)

#W = 11, p-value = 0.1667

##### TABLE 5 #####

#. p-value results of the Wilcoxon Ranked-Sum tests comparing the manus height at its minimum and its maximum for each uncinid species. This test was employed to determine the differences in the overall shape of the claw between species. Alpha value = 0.05; see Table 2 for measurements and Appendix 3 for R code.

#alternative hypothesis: true location shift is not equal to 0

#ManusHeightAttachtoManusHeight#

PASVPOS <- wilcox.test(na.omit(UPAC$ManusHeightAttachtoManusHeight), na.omit(UPOS$ManusHeightAttachtoManusHeight), alternative = c("two.sided", "less", "greater"), conf.level = 0.99, paired=F)

PASVPOS

#data: na.omit(UPAC$ManusHeightAttachtoManusHeight) and na.omit(UPOS$ManusHeightAttachtoManusHeight)

#W = 1, p-value = 1.134e-05

PASVALP <- wilcox.test(na.omit(UPAC$ManusHeightAttachtoManusHeight), na.omit(UALP$ManusHeightAttachtoManusHeight), alternative = c("two.sided", "less", "greater"), conf.level = 0.99, paired=F)

PASVALP

#data: na.omit(UPAC$ManusHeightAttachtoManusHeight) and na.omit(UALP$ManusHeightAttachtoManusHeight)

#W = 0, p-value = 0.1818

PASVOLL <- wilcox.test(na.omit(UPAC$ManusHeightAttachtoManusHeight), na.omit(UOLL$ManusHeightAttachtoManusHeight), alternative = c("two.sided", "less", "greater"), conf.level = 0.99, paired=F)

PASVOLL

#na.omit(UPAC$ManusHeightAttachtoManusHeight) and na.omit(UOLL$ManusHeightAttachtoManusHeight)

#W = 1, p-value = 0.001332

OLLVPOS <- wilcox.test(na.omit(UOLL$ManusHeightAttachtoManusHeight), na.omit(UPOS$ManusHeightAttachtoManusHeight), alternative = c("two.sided", "less", "greater"), conf.level = 0.99, paired=F)

OLLVPOS

#data: na.omit(UOLL$ManusHeightAttachtoManusHeight) and na.omit(UPOS$ManusHeightAttachtoManusHeight)

#W = 19, p-value = 0.3773

OLLVALP <- wilcox.test(na.omit(UOLL$ManusHeightAttachtoManusHeight), na.omit(UALP$ManusHeightAttachtoManusHeight), alternative = c("two.sided", "less", "greater"), conf.level = 0.99, paired=F)

OLLVALP

#data: na.omit(UOLL$ManusHeightAttachtoManusHeight) and na.omit(UALP$ManusHeightAttachtoManusHeight)

#W = 0, p-value = 0.3333

ALPVPOS <- wilcox.test(na.omit(UALP$ManusHeightAttachtoManusHeight), na.omit(UPOS$ManusHeightAttachtoManusHeight), alternative = c("two.sided", "less", "greater"), conf.level = 0.99, paired=F)

ALPVPOS

#data: na.omit(UALP$ManusHeightAttachtoManusHeight) and na.omit(UPOS$ManusHeightAttachtoManusHeight)

#W = 11, p-value = 0.1667

##### TABLE 7 #####

#p-value results of the Wilcoxon Ranked-Sum tests comparing the notch length to the notch height of each uncinid species. Alpha value = 0.05; see Table 2 for measurements and Appendix 3 for R code.

#alternative hypothesis: true location shift is not equal to 0

#NotchLengthtoNotchHeight#

PASVPOS <- wilcox.test(na.omit(UPAC$NotchLengthtoNotchHeight), na.omit(UPOS$NotchLengthtoNotchHeight), alternative = c("two.sided", "less", "greater"), conf.level = 0.99, paired=F)

PASVPOS

#data: na.omit(UPAC$NotchLengthtoNotchHeight) and na.omit(UPOS$NotchLengthtoNotchHeight)

#W = 38, p-value = 0.588

PASVALP <- wilcox.test(na.omit(UPAC$NotchLengthtoNotchHeight), na.omit(UALP$NotchLengthtoNotchHeight), alternative = c("two.sided", "less", "greater"), conf.level = 0.99, paired=F)

PASVALP

#data: na.omit(UPAC$NotchLengthtoNotchHeight) and na.omit(UALP$NotchLengthtoNotchHeight)

#W = 44, p-value = 0.2887

PASVOLL <- wilcox.test(na.omit(UPAC$NotchLengthtoNotchHeight), na.omit(UOLL$NotchLengthtoNotchHeight), alternative = c("two.sided", "less", "greater"), conf.level = 0.99, paired=F)

PASVOLL

#data: na.omit(UPAC$NotchLengthtoNotchHeight) and na.omit(UOLL$NotchLengthtoNotchHeight)

#W = 21, p-value = 0.1274

OLLVPOS <- wilcox.test(na.omit(UOLL$NotchLengthtoNotchHeight), na.omit(UPOS$NotchLengthtoNotchHeight), alternative = c("two.sided", "less", "greater"), conf.level = 0.99, paired=F)

OLLVPOS

#data: na.omit(UOLL$NotchLengthtoNotchHeight) and na.omit(UPOS$NotchLengthtoNotchHeight)

#W = 31, p-value = 0.1807

OLLVALP <- wilcox.test(na.omit(UOLL$NotchLengthtoNotchHeight), na.omit(UALP$NotchLengthtoNotchHeight), alternative = c("two.sided", "less", "greater"), conf.level = 0.99, paired=F)

OLLVALP

#na.omit(UOLL$NotchLengthtoNotchHeight) and na.omit(UALP$NotchLengthtoNotchHeight)

#W = 27, p-value = 0.0303

ALPVPOS <- wilcox.test(na.omit(UALP$NotchLengthtoNotchHeight), na.omit(UPOS$NotchLengthtoNotchHeight), alternative = c("two.sided", "less", "greater"), conf.level = 0.99, paired=F)

ALPVPOS

#data: na.omit(UALP$NotchLengthtoNotchHeight) and na.omit(UPOS$NotchLengthtoNotchHeight)

#W = 7, p-value = 0.1061

APPENDIX 4

Photographs of all Uncinidae specimens used in this study (whitened with ammonium chloride unless otherwise noted). Descriptions of photograph techniques can be found in the methods.

FIGURE A4-1. Dactylus of Uncina pacifica, specimen TMP 2002.043.0002 (scale is in mm, numbers are cm).

a1

 

FIGURE A4-2. Three chelae, two Uncina pacifica and one Uncina ollerenshawi chelae, specimen TMP 2002.043.0003 (scale is in mm, numbers are cm).

a2

 

FIGURE A4-3. Articulated chela of Uncina pacifica, specimen TMP 2002.043.0004 (scale is in mm, numbers are cm).

a3

 

FIGURE A4-4. Part and counterpart, fixed finger, and partial hand of Uncina pacifica, specimen TMP 2002.043.0006 (scale is in mm, numbers are cm).

a4

 

FIGURE A4-5. Dactylus of Uncina pacifica, specimen TMP 2002.043.0007 (scale is in mm, numbers are cm).

a5

 

FIGURE A4-6. Fixed finger and hand of Uncina pacifica, specimen TMP 2002.043.0008 (scale is in mm, numbers are cm).

a6

 

FIGURE A4-7. Dactylus of Uncina pacifica, specimen TMP 2002.043.0012 (scale is in mm, numbers are cm).

a7

 

FIGURE A4-8. Fixed finger and hand of Uncina pacifica, specimen TMP 2002.043.0015 (scale is in mm, numbers are cm).

a8

 

FIGURE A4-9. Major chela (upper left) and dactylus (lower right) of Uncina pacifica, specimen TMP 2002.043.0019 (scale is in mm, numbers are cm).

a9

 

FIGURE A4-10. Major chela of Uncina pacifica (part and counterpart), specimen TMP 2014.021.0003 (scale is in mm, numbers are cm).

a10

 

FIGURE A4-11. Minor chela of Uncina pacifica, specimen TMP 2014.021.0004 (scale is in mm, numbers are cm).

a11

 

FIGURE A4-12. Minor chela of Uncina pacifica, specimen TMP 2014.021.0007 (scale is in mm, numbers are cm).

a12

 

FIGURE A4-13. Dactylus of Uncina pacifica, specimen TMP 2014.021.0033 (scale is in mm, numbers are cm).

a13

 

FIGURE A4-14. Hand and fixed finger of Uncina pacifica (part and counterpart), specimen TMP 2014.021.0034 (scale is in mm, numbers are cm).

a14 

 

FIGURE A4-15. Body molt of Uncina ollerenshawi, specimen TMP 2014.021.0052 (scale is in mm, numbers are cm).

 a15

 

FIGURE A4-16. Dactylus of Uncina pacifica, specimen TMP 2015.050.0038 (scale is in mm, numbers are cm).

 a16

 

FIGURE A4-17. Minor claw of Uncina pacifica, specimen TMP 2015.050.0039 (scale is in mm, numbers are cm).

 a17

 

FIGURE A4-18. Dactylus of Uncina pacifica, specimen TMP 2015.050.0069 (scale is in mm, numbers are cm).

a18 

 

FIGURE A4-19. Partial fixed finger of Uncina pacifica, specimen TMP 2015.050.0069 (scale is in mm, numbers are cm).

 a19

 

FIGURE A4-20. Uncina ollerenshawi chela with the carpus and partial merus articulated, specimen TMP 2015.051.0063 (scale is in mm, numbers are cm).

a20 

 

FIGURE A4-21. Partial major chela of Uncina pacifica, merus, carpus and partial ischium included, specimen TMP 2016.027.0003 (scale is in mm, numbers are cm).

 a21

 

FIGURE A4-22. Body fossil of Uncina pacifica, major and minor chelae present, specimen TMP 2017.015.0001 (scale is in mm, numbers are cm).

a22 

 

FIGURE A4-23. Minor chela of Uncina pacifica, specimen TMP 2017.015.0003 (scale is in mm, numbers are cm).

 a23

 

FIGURE A4-24. Chela of Uncina pacifica, specimen TMP 2017.015.0005 (scale is in mm, numbers are cm).

a24

 

FIGURE A4-25. Minor chela (fixed finger) of Uncina pacifica, specimen TMP 2017.015.0007 (scale is in mm, numbers are cm).

a25

 

FIGURE A4-26. Dactylus of Uncina pacifica, specimen TMP 2018.024.0005 (scale is in mm, sample not whitened).

a26

 

FIGURE A4-27. Major chela of Uncina pacifica, specimen TMP 2018.024.0003 (scale is in mm, numbers are cm).

a27

 

FIGURE A4-28. Partial minor chela (fixed finger) of Uncina ollerenshawi, specimen TMP 2018.024.0006 (scale is in mm, numbers are cm).

a28

 

FIGURE A4-29. Partial minor chela (fixed finger) of Uncina ollerenshawi, specimen TMP 2018.024.0007 (scale is in mm, numbers are cm).

a29

 

FIGURE A4-30. Dactylus of Uncina ollerenshawi, specimen TMP 2018.024.0009 (scale is in mm, numbers are cm).

a30

 

FIGURE A4-31. Partial minor chela (fixed finger) of Uncina pacifica (partially obscured), specimen TMP 2018.024.0035 (scale is in mm, numbers are cm).

a31

 

FIGURE A4-32. Body fossil of the Uncina ollerenshawi Holotype, specimen GSC 80067 (scale is in mm, numbers are cm).

a32

 

FIGURE A4-33. Dactylus of Uncina ollerenshawi, specimen TMP 2016.027.0008 (scale is in mm). Specimen not whitened.

a33

 

FIGURE A4-34. Partial minor chela (fixed finger) of Uncina pacifica, specimen TMP 2018.024.0004 (scale is in mm, numbers are cm). Specimen not whitened.

a34

 

FIGURE A4-35. Major chela of Uncina pacifica, specimen TMP 2002.043.0005 (scale is in mm, numbers are cm). Specimen not whitened.

a35

 

FIGURE A4-36. Major chela of Uncina ollerenshawi, specimen TMP 2013.036.0002 (scale is in mm, numbers are cm). Specimen not whitened.

a36

 

FIGURE A4-37. Major chela of Uncina pacifica, specimen split across two samples, TMP 2013.0036.0004 and TMP 2014.021.0002 (scale is in mm, numbers are cm). Specimen not whitened.

a37

 

FIGURE A4-38. Partial dactylus of Uncina pacifica, specimen TMP 2014.021.0008 (scale is in cm). Specimen not whitened.

a38

 

FIGURE A4-39. Major chela of Uncina pacifica, specimen TMP 2014.021.0023 (part and counterpart) (scale is in cm). Specimen not whitened.

a39

 

FIGURE A4-40. Major chela of Uncina pacifica, specimen TMP 2015.050.0011 (part and counterpart) (scale is in mm). Specimen not whitened.

a40

 

FIGURE A4-41. Major chelae of Uncina posidoniae, specimen MB.A.3826 (scale is in cm). Specimen not whitened.

a41

Note: Upon completion of the review process of this manuscript, it was brought to our attention that another specimen of Uncina ollerenshawi existed (TMP 2005.028.0004). The specimen, collected by Russell Hall from the East Tributary of Ya Ha Tinda, was sent to the Staatliches Museum für Naturkunde, Stuttgart, Germany, and subsequently not available for study in this work.

FIGURE A4-42. Body fossil of Uncina ollerenshawi (part and counterpart), specimen TMP 2005.028.0004 (scale closest to specimen is in mm, numbers are cm). Specimen not whitened.