FIGURE 1. Studied localities (indicated by asterisks) on the map of Europe (A), with a portrait of Opanas Semenovych Rogovich, and on the schematic map of Kyiv and its vicinities (B).
FIGURE 2. Stratigraphy of the Kyiv Formation section in the Kyiv area. The regional stratigraphic scheme of the Paleogene of northern Ukraine is presented after Zosimovich and Shevchenko (2014, 2015); foraminiferal biostratigraphy of the section follows Ryabokon (2002); Musatov and Ryabokon (2017); calcareous nannoplankton biostratigraphy is presented after Savytska (1996), Solyanik (2009), and Musatov and Ryabokon (2017).
FIGURE 3. Chimaera (Edaphodon bucklandi) remains from the middle Eocene deposits of Vyshhorod: A-C - palatine fragments NMNHU-G 391/138/1 (A), NMNHU-G 391/114 (B), and NMNHU-G 391/138/2 (C); D - left mandibular fragment NMNHU-G 391/115.
FIGURE 4. Hexanchiform, heterodontiform and lamniform shark teeth from the middle Eocene deposits of Vyshhorod: A-C - Hexanchus agassizi Cappetta, 1976, upper anterolateral tooth NMNHU-G 391/21/2 (A), lower lateral teeth NMNHU-G 391/21/3 (B) and NMNHU-G 391/21/4 (C); D-E - Notorynchus kempi Ward, 1979, upper anterolateral tooth NMNHU-G 391/20 (D), lower lateral tooth NMNHU-G 391/21/1 (E); F - Heterodontus sp., lateral tooth NMNHU-G 391/6; G-M - Striatolamia macrota (Agassiz, 1843), upper lateral teeth NMNHU-G 391/105 (G-H), NMNHU-G 391/54 (I-J), NMNHU-G 391/55 (K-L), upper posterior tooth NMNHU-G 391/92 (M); N-O - Brachycarcharias lerichei (Casier, 1946), lower lateral tooth NMNHU-G 391/52. Lingual view in A, H, J - K, M, and O, labial view in B-G, I, L, and N.
FIGURE 5. Lamniform shark teeth from the middle Eocene deposits of Vyshhorod: A-F - Jaekelotodus trigonalis (Jaekel, 1895), lateral teeth NMNHU-G 391/62 (A-B), NMNHU-G 391/139/1 (C-D), NMNHU-G 391/139/2 (E-F); G-H - Mennerotodus cf. M. parmlei Cicimurri, Ebersole and Martin, 2020, lower anterior tooth NMNHU-G 391/71; I-L - Odontaspis winkleri Leriche, 1905, anterolateral tooth NMNHU-G 391/74 (I-J); lateral tooth NMNHU-G 391/79 (K-L); M-S - Isurolamna affinis (Casier, 1946), anterolateral tooth NMNHU-G 391/97 (M-N), anterior tooth NMNHU-G 391/94 (O-Q), lateral tooth NMNHU-G 391/95 (R-S). Labial view in A, C, E, G, I, K, M, O, and S, lingual view in B, D, F, H, J, L, N, P, and R, mesial view in Q..
FIGURE 6. Lamniform shark teeth from the middle Eocene deposits of Vyshhorod: A-H - Macrorhizodus praecursor (Leriche, 1905), anterior teeth NMNHU-G 391/101 (A-B), anterolateral teeth NMNHU-G 391/103 (C-D), 391/69 (E-F), anterior tooth NMNHU-G 391/68 (G-H); I-P - Otodus (Carcharocles) sp., upper lateral tooth NMNHU-G 391/32 (I-J), lower anterolateral teeth, NMNHU-G 391/35 (K-M), lower anterolateral tooth NMNHU-G 391/26 (N-P). Labial view in A, C, E, G, I, K, and N, lingual view in B, D, F, H, J, M, and O, mesial view in L and P.
FIGURE 7. Vertebrae of Otodus (Carcharocles) sp. from the middle Eocene deposits of Zoloti Vorota (Kyiv): A-B - NMNHU-P PI 553; C-D, K - NMNHU-P PI 554; E-F - NMNHU-P PI 2314; G-H, M - NMNHU-P PI 2315; I-J, L - NMNHU-P PI 2316. Anterior view in A, C, E, G, and I, lateral view in B, D, F, H, and J. X-ray images are those in K-M (not to scale).
FIGURE 8. Lamniform vertebrae (Lamniformes indet.) from the middle Eocene deposits of Vyshhorod: A, F - NMNHU-G 391/118; B, G - NMNHU-G 391/119; C, H - NMNHU-G 391/120; D, I - NMNHU-G 391/121; E, J - NMNHU-G 391/122; K - NMNHU-G 391/136; L-N - NMNHU-G 391/137. Anterior view in A-E and K-L, posterior view in M, lateral view in F-J and N.
FIGURE 9. Teeth of Physogaleus secundus (Winkler, 1876) from the middle Eocene deposits of Vyshhorod: A - upper lateral tooth NMNHU-G 391/24/2; B - lower anterolateral tooth NMNHU-G 391/24/1; C - lower lateral tooth NMNHU-G 391/24/5, all in lingual view.
FIGURE 10. Myliobatiform remains from the middle Eocene deposits of Vyshhorod: A-F - Myliobatidae gen. et sp. indet., teeth NMNHU-G 391/3/1-6; G-I - Myliobatiformes indet., caudal spine NMNHU-G 391/2, represented by three fragments.
FIGURE 11. Elasmobranchian vertebrae (Elasmobranchii indet.) from the middle Eocene deposits of Vyshhorod: A, D - NMNHU-G 391/129; B, E - NMNHU-G 391/130; C, F - NMNHU-G 391/131. Anterior view in A-C, posterior view in D-F.
FIGURE 12. Palaeogeographic map of the Peri-Tethyan area during the middle Eocene (after Bosboom et al., 2017, modified). The studied region is indicated with an asterisk.
