TABLE 1. List of 61 Tyrannosaurus rex specimens that were collected by, and are curated in, a public trust. Superscript T (T) indicates type specimens, superscript J (J) indicates juveniles.
# | Specimen number | State | parts preserved | Year collected |
1 | AMNH FARB 3982 | SD | cervical centra | 1892 |
2 | NHMUK R7994 | WY | incomplete skull, incomplete postcranium | 1900 |
3 | CM 9380T | MT | incomplete skull, incomplete postcranium | 1902 |
4 | CM 1400 | WY | incomplete skull, incomplete postcranium | 1902 |
5 | CM 9401 | MT | lacrimal | 1903 |
6 | AMNH FARB 5027 | MT | skull, incomplete postcranium | 1908 |
7 | AMNH FARB 5029 | MT | incomplete skull, incomplete postcranium | 1908 |
8 | AMNH FARB 5117 | WY | incomplete skull | 1908 |
9 | AMNH FARB 5050J | MT | incomplete dentary | 1909 |
10 | CMNH 7541T,J | MT | skull | 1942 |
11 | MOR 002 | MT | incomplete skull, incomplete postcranium | 1965 |
12 | LACM 28471J | MT | incomplete skull | 1966 |
13 | UCMP 137234 | MT | lower jaws | 1966 |
14 | MOR 008 | MT | incomplete skull | 1967 |
15 | LACM 23844 | MT | incomplete skull, incomplete postcranium | 1967 |
16 | LACM 23845 | MT | incomplete skull, incomplete postcranium | 1967 |
17 | TMM 41436-1 | TX | maxilla | 1970 |
18 | UCMP 118742 | MT | incomplete skull | 1977 |
19 | SDSM 12047 | SD | incomplete skull, incomplete postcranium | 1981 |
20 | TMP 1981.012.0001 | AB | incomplete skull, incomplete postcranium | 1981 |
21 | TMP 1981.006.0001 | AB | skull, incomplete postcranium | 1981 |
22 | MOR 009 | MT | incomplete postcranium | 1981 |
23 | NMMNH P-3698 | NM | incomplete skull, incomplete postcranium | 1983 |
24 | UCMP 131583 | MT | partial skull, partial postcranium | 1984 |
25 | UCMP 140418 | MT | humerus | 1984 |
26 | MOR 555 | MT | incomplete skull, incomplete postcranium | 1990 |
27 | RSM 2347.1J | SK | maxilla | 1991 |
28 | DMNH 2827 | CO | ncomplete skull, incomplete postcranium | 1992 |
29 | UWGM 181 | MT | incomplete skull, incomplete postcranium | 1993 |
30 | UCMP 140506 | MT | partial postcranium | 1993 |
31 | RSM 2523.8 | SK | incomplete skull, incomplete postcranium | 1994 |
32 | LPD 977-2 | WY | partial skeleton | 1992 |
33 | MOR 980 | MT | incomplete skull, incomplete postcranium | 1997 |
34 | MOR 1126 | MT | partial skull, partial postcranium | 2000 |
35 | MOR 1131 | MT | partial cranium | 2000 |
36 | MOR 1125 | MT | incomplete skull, incomplete postcranium | 2001 |
37 | UCRC PV1 | WY | incomplete postcranium | 2001 |
38 | UMNH 1100 | UT | incomplete skull, incomplete postcranium | 2001 |
39 | MOR 1128 | MT | incomplete skeleton | 2001 |
40 | BMRP 2002.4.1J | MT | incomplete skull, incomplete postcranium | 2001 |
41 | BMRP 2001.4.70J | MT | incomplete postcranium | 2001 |
42 | USNM 720145 | MT | partial skull, incomplete postcranium | 2002 |
43 | MOR 1189J | MT | hindlimbs | 2002 |
44 | LACM 150167 | MT | incomplete skull, incomplete postcranium | 2003 |
45 | BMRP 2006.6.4 | MT | incomplete postcranium | 2006 |
46 | DDM 35.1J | MT | incomplete tibia | 2006 |
47 | MOR 2822 | MT | incomplete skull | 2006 |
48 | MOR 2925 | MT | partial postcranium | 2007 |
49 | RSM 2990.1 | SK | lacrimal | 2007 |
50 | MOR 3028 | MT | partial hindlimb | 2010 |
51 | MOR 3044 | MT | partial maxilla | 2010 |
52 | MOR 6625 | MT | partial dentary and maxilla | 2010 |
53 | TATE 2222 | WY | incomplete postcranium | 2011 |
54 | DDM 344.1J | MT | frontal | 2012 |
55 | UWBM 99000 | MT | skull, incomplete postcranium | 2015 |
56 | KUVP 156375J | MT | incomplete skull, incomplete postcranium | 2015 |
57 | KUVP 155809 | MT | partial skull and skeleton | ? |
58 | DDM 1536.8 | MT | incomplete metatarsal III | 2018 |
59 | DDM 1562,14J | MT | first maxillary tooth | 2018 |
60 | DDM 1863.11J | MT | first maxillary tooth | 2019 |
61 | DDM 2355J | MT | partial skull, partial skeleton | 2022 |
State/Province abbreviations: AB, Alberta, Canada; CO, Colorado; MT, Montana; ND, North Dakota; NM, New Mexico; SD, South Dakota; SK, Saskatchewan, Canada; TX, Texas; UT, Utah; WY, Wyoming.
TABLE 2. List of 71 commercially and privately held Tyrannosaurus rex specimens; the available information on “King Kong” is contradictory and so it appears twice (#10, #43). The three specimens with the same number, “TE-36,” are indeed three separate specimens according to the now-defunct website. An asterisk (*) marks specimens that are outside of the United States; a superscript J (J) indicates a juvenile specimen.
# | Specimen moniker | State | Year found / collected | Relative completeness | Source |
1 | Samson | SD | 1992 | skull and skeleton | Bonhams, 2009 |
2 | Stan* | SD | 1992 | skull and skeleton | Larson N.L., 2008 |
3 | Bowman | ND | 1993 | partial postcranium | Larson, N.L., 2008 |
4 | Duffy | SD | 1993 | skull and partial skeleton | Larson, N.L., 2008 |
5 | Double-O-seven | ND | 1994 | partial skull and skeleton | Larson, N.L., 2008 |
6 | Barnum | WY | 1995 | partial skull and skeleton | Larson, N.L., 2008 |
7 | Steven | SD | 1995 | partial skull and skeleton | Larson, N.L., 2008 |
8 | n/a | ND | 1995 | partial skull, partial skeleton | Bonhams, 2006 |
9 | Foxy Lady | SD | 1996 | partial skull and skeleton | Larson, N.L., 2008 |
10 | Tinker/Rocky | SD | 1997 | skull and partial skeleton | Larson, N.L., 20 08; Poese, 2018 |
11 | Ollie, Rex-A/King Kong | MT | 1998 | partial skull and skeleton | Larson, N.L., 2008 ; Stein, 2019 |
12 | Bill Alley T. rex | SD | 1998 | partial skull and skeleton | Larson, N.L., 2008 |
13 | Rex-C | SD | 1999 | partial skull and skeleton | Larson, N.L., 2008 |
14 | E. D. Cope | SD | 2000 | partial skull and skeleton | Larson, N.L., 2008 |
15 | Monty | WY | 2000 | partial skull and skeleton | Larson, N.L., 2008 |
16 | Tristan Otto*=Butch=Vallee/Ciotka/Pangea specimen | MT | 2001 | skull and skeleton | Museum für Naturkunde, 2018 Robert Butch Vallee v. Terry Ciotka et al 2018 Renda, 2017 |
17 | Wayne | SD | 2004 | partial postcranium | Larson, N.L., 2008 |
18 | Ivan | SD | 2005 | partial postcranium | McCoy, 2018 |
19 | dentaryJ | - | 2005 | dentary | anecdote |
20 | pathologic humerus | - | 2005 | humerus | personal observation |
21 | Southwest Adventist specimen J | WY | 2006 | skull and skeleton | Dinosaur Science Museum, 2024 |
22 | Dinoland Plus pelvis and leg | MT | 2008 | pelvis and leg | Dinoland Plus |
23 | maxillaJ | MT | 2009 | maxilla | anecdote from eyewitness |
24 | TE-36/Roosevelt/Rosie A, B, C | MT | 2012 | partial skeleton | Theropoda Expeditions, 2017 Stoneberg, 2018 |
25 | TE-36/Roosevelt/Rosie A, B, C | MT | 2012 | partial skeleton | Theropoda Expeditions, 2017 Stoneberg, 2018 |
26 | TE-36/Roosevelt/Rosie A, B, C | WY | 2012 | partial skeleton | Theropoda Expeditions, 2017 Stoneberg, 2018 |
27 | Russell | MT | 2012 | Theropoda Expeditions, 2017 | |
28 | Trinity/Garfield County 1 | MT | 2012 | axial skeleton | Koller, 2023 |
29 | TE-76 | MT | 2013 | single bone | Theropoda Expeditions, 2017 |
30 | TE-76 | MT | 2013 | vertebrae | Theropoda Expeditions, 2017 |
31 | Baby Bob/Son of SamsonJ | MT | 2013 | partial skull, partial skeleton | ebay |
32 | Victoria/Darwin/Shen | SD | 2013 | skull and skeleton | Trimble, 2019 Christie’s, 2022 |
33 | Trinity/Garfield County 2 | MT | 2013 | axial and pelvic skeleton | Koller, 2023 |
34 | Trinity/Weston County | WY | 2013 | partial skull, partial skeleton | Koller, 2023 |
35 | Titus* | MT | 2014 | partial skull and skeleton | My Nottingham News, 2021 |
36 | TE-73/Rees | MT | 2015 | skull, caudal series | Theropoda Expeditions, 2017 |
37 | TE-077 | MT | 2015 | skull and jaws | Theropoda Expeditions, 2017 |
38 | JKrex† (=Barbara?) | MT | 2017 | CK Preparations, 2021 | |
39 | Krex/Ryker/Tyson | MT | 2018 | skull and skeleton | CK Preparations, 2021 Tribe, T., 2023 Girardon, 2022 |
40 | ChomperJ | MT | 2019 | skull and skeleton | Shaw, 2023 |
41 | Triebold juvenile J | MT | 2021 | skull and skeleton | Simons, 2020 |
42 | Fossil Excavators “Beautiful Nightmare” maxilla J | ND | 2021 | maxilla | Olson, 2021 Dura, 2021 |
43 | Fossil Excavators adult vertebrae | ND | 2021 | vertebrae | Olson, 2021 Dura, 2021 |
44 | Leonard | - | 2022 | hind limb | PaleoAdventures, 2022 |
45 | CupcakeJ | - | - | skull | The amazing traveling dinosaur show, Ltd. Facebook page, 2014 [post dated: November 10, 2014] |
46 | King Kong | - | - | skull and skeleton | Stein, 2019 |
47 | Regina | - | - | Carroll, 2014 | |
48 | braincaseJ | - | - | braincase | anecdote from eyewitness |
49 | Tag/Tad | - | - | skull and skeleton | Tie, 2018 |
50 | Triebold “Nanotyrannus” J | SD | - | skull and skeleton | Triebold Paleontology, 2024 |
51 | dentaryJ | - | - | dentary | personal observation in auction catalog |
52 | “misc parts” | - | - | AAPS, 2025b | |
53 | Dynamo | - | - | skull | that dinosaur guy (@T rexcellence), 2021 [twitter post dated: April 14, 2021] |
54 | Metarex | - | - | - | Metarex, 2021 |
55 | JodiJ | MT | - | partial skull and skeleton | Pangea Fossils Facebook page, 2023 |
56 | n/a | SD | - | Vondracek, 2018 | |
57 | Peter/Torvik/Altmuhital | WY | - | partial skull and skeleton | Burnham et al. 2022 Dorr, 2021 |
58 | Valerie | SD | - | skull and partial skeleton | Triebold Paleontology, 2024 Gorman, 2022 |
59 | Maximus | SD | - | skull and jaws | Hilsman, 2022 |
60 | Barbara† (=JKRex?) | MT | - | partial skull and skeleton | Aukland Museum, 2022 |
61 | n/a | - | - | 1 specimen | Babiarz Institute of Paleontological Sciences (Stein, 2019) |
62 | n/a | - | - | 1 specimen | Anonymous 4, unknown collector (Stein, 2019) |
63 | n/a | - | - | 1 specimen | Mike Harris collections (Stein, 2019) |
64 | n/a | - | - | 1 specimen | Poel (correct spelling?) collection (Stein, 2019) |
65 | n/a | - | - | 1 specimen | Poel (correct spelling?) collection (Stein, 2019) |
66 | n/a | MT | - | - | anecdote |
67 | n/a | SD | - | - | anecdote |
68 | n/a | MT | - | maxilla and teeth | Bonhams, 2013 |
69 | n/a | - | - | skull and jaws | Cruz, 2022 |
70 | CasperJ | WY | - | skull and jaws | Kokkegård, 2021 |
71 | Glendive juvenileJ | MT | - | pelvis | personal observation |
See Table 1 for state/province abbreviations.
TABLE 3. The nine commercially collected Tyrannosaurus rex specimens that were later accessioned into a public trust. Superscript J (J) indicates juvenile specimens.
# | specimen number | company | state | parts preserved | year collected |
1 | FMNH PR2081 | BHIGR | SD | skull, postcranium | 1990 |
2 | FMNH PR2411J | BHIGR | SD | lacrimal | 1990 |
3 | FMNH tibia | BHIGR | SD | partial tibia | 1990 |
4 | FMNH partial dentaryJ | - | - | partial dentary | - |
5 | Bucky | BHIGR | SD | incomplete skull, incomplete postcranium | 2001 |
6 | Wyrex | BHIGR | MT | incomplete skull, incomplete postcranium | 2002 |
7 | Trix | BHIGR (in part) | MT | skull, postcranium | 2013 |
8 | Fukui dentary | - | - | dentary | 2018 |
9 | DuelerJ | Phipps/BHIGR | MT | skull, postcranium | 2006 |
See Table 1 for state/province abbreviations.
TABLE 4. The prices of Tyrannosaurus rex specimens, with the original price and the current price adjusted for inflation. Asterisks indicate specimens that sold; including specimens that did not sell gives a more complete estimation of what the market expects for a T. rex fossil. The “Dueling Dinosaurs” were purchased for $6M, and the price of the T. rex is estimated here as half of that price. All prices are in USD; the US Inflation Calculator (https://www.usinflationcalculator.com/) was used to adjust for the difference in inflation between now and the year the prices were published. Data for “Barnum” is from Wikipedia (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_dinosaur_specimens_sold_at_auction). The price of Tinker was the amount on offer in 2014; the actual sale price is unknown.
Specimen moniker | Original Price |
Year | Price adjusted to 2024 | Deposition |
Sue* | $8.36M | 1997 | $16.4M | Public trust |
Barnum | $0.93M | 2004 | $1.55M | Private/commercial |
Samson* | $5M | 2009 | $7.34M | Private |
Tinker* | $9.8M | 2014 | $13.03M | Private/ |
Trix | $4.8M | 2014 | $6.38M | Public trust |
Baby Bob/Son of Samson | $2.95M | 2019 | $3.63M | Commercial |
Stan* | $31.8M | 2020 | $38.68 | Private |
Dueler* | $3M | 2020 | $3.65M | Public trust |
Roosevelt | $2.39M | 2020 | $2.91M | Private/commercial |
Peter/Torvik | $8.94M | 2021 | $10.39M | Private |
Maximus* | $6.1M | 2022 | $6.56M | Private/commercial |
Trinity* | $6.1M | 2023 | $6.3M | Private |
Chomper | $22.34M | 2023 | $23.08M | Commercial |
MEAN | $10.8M |
TABLE 5. Summary of 19 commercially-obtained Tyrannosaurus rex specimens that, as of this writing, are outside of the United States. For sources see Table 2.
# | Specimen | Location |
1 | Barbara/JKRex | New Zealand |
2 | Cupcake | Canada |
3 | Dynamo | ? |
4 | Fukui dentary | Japan |
5 | “misc parts” | United Kingdom |
6 | Altmuhital/Peter/Torvik | New Zealand |
7 | Regina | Middle East |
8 | Darwin/Shen/Victoria | Hong Kong |
9 | Tad/Tag | Hong Kong |
10 | Rocky/Tinker | Germany |
11 | Titus | United Kingdom |
12 | Trinity Garfield County 1 | Switzerland |
13 | Trinity Garfield County 2 | Switzerland |
14 | Trinity Weston County | Switzerland |
15 | Butch/Pangea/Tristan Otto | Germany |
16 | Trix | Netherlands |
17 | KRex/Ryker/Tyson | Japan |
18 | n/a | Mexico |
TABLE 6. Summary of information content in the skeleton of Tyrannosaurus rex , based on the data set of Carr (2020). The ratio of the number of states to the number of characters for each element was taken to quantify mean information value content across all parts.
Part | # characters | # states | Ratio |
Body | 2 | 6 | 3 |
Skull | 1 | 2 | 2 |
Snout | 5 | 10 | 2 |
Bony palate | 2 | 4 | 2 |
Bony naris | 1 | 2 | 2 |
Subnarial foramen | 1 | 3 | 3 |
Incisive foramen | 1 | 2 | 2 |
External antorbital fenestra | 2 | 6 | 3 |
Internal antorbital fenestra | 2 | 4 | 2 |
Bony choana | 6 | 12 | 2 |
Orbital fenestra | 2 | 5 | 2.5 |
Palatine fenestra | 3 | 6 | 2 |
Suborbital fenestra | 1 | 3 | 3 |
Postorbital bar | 4 | 8 | 2 |
Laterotemporal fenestra | 1 | 2 | 2 |
Secondry laterotemporal fenestra | 1 | 2 | 2 |
Adductor region | 1 | 2 | 2 |
Dorsotemporal fossa | 1 | 2 | 2 |
Paraquadrate foramen | 1 | 2 | 2 |
Fossa for ventral pterygoid | 1 | 3 | 3 |
Foramen magnum | 1 | 2 | 2 |
External mandibular fenestra | 1 | 2 | 2 |
Internal mandibular fenestra | 1 | 3 | 3 |
Meckelian fossa | 1 | 2 | 2 |
Nasolacrimal joint | 1 | 2 | 2 |
Lacrimoprefrontal joint | 1 | 2 | 2 |
Premaxilla | 44 | 89 | 2 |
Maxilla | 123 | 269 | 2.2 |
Nasal | 42 | 89 | 2.1 |
Lacrimal | 121 | 310 | 2.6 |
Jugal | 77 | 180 | 2.3 |
Postorbital | 71 | 152 | 2.1 |
Squamosal | 63 | 129 | 2.1 |
Quadratojugal | 45 | 97 | 2.2 |
Quadrate | 28 | 58 | 2.1 |
Prefrontal | 1 | 3 | 3.0 |
Frontal | 89 | 205 | 2.3 |
Parietal | 27 | 58 | 2.2 |
Vomer | 17 | 36 | 2.1 |
Ectopterygoid | 32 | 66 | 2.1 |
Palatine | 49 | 120 | 2.5 |
Pterygoid | 2 | 4 | 2.0 |
Epipterygoid | 9 | 19 | 2.1 |
Supraoccipital | 4 | 9 | 2.3 |
Otoccipital | 15 | 31 | 2.1 |
Basioccipital | 24 | 54 | 2.3 |
Basisphenoid | 15 | 30 | 2.0 |
Subcondylar recess | 1 | 2 | 2.0 |
Basisphenoid recess | 1 | 2 | 2.0 |
Laterosphenoid | 9 | 19 | 2.1 |
Endocranium | 10 | 20 | 2.0 |
Braincase sutures | 6 | 13 | 2.2 |
Mandibular ramus | 1 | 2 | 2.0 |
Craniomandibular joint | 1 | 2 | 2.0 |
Dentary | 77 | 168 | 2.2 |
Surangular | 36 | 77 | 2.1 |
Splenial | 7 | 16 | 2.3 |
Angular | 4 | 9 | 2.3 |
Prearticular | 6 | 12 | 2.0 |
Dentition | 18 | 44 | 2.4 |
Atlas intercentrum | 27 | 57 | 2.1 |
Atlas neurapophysis | 1 | 2 | 2.0 |
Axis | 72 | 154 | 2.1 |
Postaxial cervicals | 6 | 12 | 2.0 |
Cervical 3 | 10 | 20 | 2.0 |
Cervical 5 | 5 | 10 | 2.0 |
Cervical 6 | 4 | 8 | 2.0 |
Cervical 8 | 4 | 8 | 2.0 |
Cervical series | 1 | 2 | 2.0 |
Dorsal vertebrae | 10 | 21 | 2.1 |
Dorsal A | 2 | 4 | 2.0 |
Dorsal B | 3 | 6 | 2.0 |
Dorsal D | 6 | 12 | 2.0 |
Dorsal E | 4 | 8 | 2.0 |
Sacrum | 4 | 8 | 2.0 |
Caudal vertebrae | 6 | 12 | 2.0 |
Caudal 1 | 12 | 24 | 2.0 |
Caudal 2 | 3 | 6 | 2.0 |
Caudal 3 | 13 | 26 | 2.0 |
Caudal 4 | 11 | 22 | 2.0 |
Caudal 5 | 23 | 26 | 2.0 |
Caudal 6 | 12 | 24 | 2.0 |
Caudal 7 | 12 | 24 | 2.0 |
Caudal 8 | 13 | 27 | 2.1 |
Caudal 9 | 17 | 34 | 2.0 |
Caudal 10 | 10 | 22 | 2.2 |
Caudal 11 | 13 | 27 | 2.1 |
Caudal 12 | 17 | 34 | 2.0 |
Caudal 13 | 14 | 28 | 2.0 |
Caudal 14 | 19 | 38 | 2.0 |
Caudal 15 | 13 | 26 | 2.0 |
Caudal 16 | 15 | 30 | 2.0 |
Scapulocoracoid | 3 | 6 | 2.0 |
Scapula | 25 | 52 | 2.1 |
Coracoid | 21 | 45 | 2.1 |
Humerus | 12 | 26 | 2.2 |
Ilium | 20 | 40 | 2.0 |
Pubis | 6 | 12 | 2.0 |
Ischium | 12 | 24 | 2.0 |
Femur | 9 | 20 | 2.2 |
Tibia | 27 | 58 | 2.2 |
Fibula | 42 | 94 | 2.2 |
Metatarsal II | 10 | 26 | 2.6 |
Metatarsal III | 22 | 49 | 2.2 |
Metatarsal IV | 10 | 21 | 2.1 |
Metatarsal V | 15 | 33 | 2.2 |
D I, PH 1 | 1 | 2 | 2.0 |
D II, PH 1 | 10 | 20 | 2.0 |
D II, PH 2 | 21 | 45 | 2.1 |
D III, PH 1 | 10 | 20 | 2.0 |
D III, PH 2 | 12 | 24 | 2.0 |
D IV PH 1 | 18 | 36 | 2.0 |
D IV PH 2 | 12 | 24 | 2.0 |
D IV PH 3 | 11 | 22 | 2.0 |
D IV PH 4 | 13 | 29 | 2.2 |
Pedal unguals | 3 | 8 | 2.7 |
Growth rings | 2 | 12 | 6.0 |
Growth rate | 1 | 2 | 2.0 |
TOTAL | 1,850 | 4,005 | n/a |
MEAN | 20.5 | 33.9 | 2.2 |
Table 7. Summary of commercially- or privately owned Tyrannosaurus rex specimens that have appeared in peer-reviewed scientific and technical articles. Asterisk (*) indicates articles in which BHI 4182 is given incorrectly as BHI 4812. Table 7.
Specimen | Sources |
BHI 116 | Currie, 2003a |
BHI 1266 | Bates et al. 2009; Dececchi et al. 2020; Farlow et al. 2013 |
BHI 2033 | Currie, 1998; Holtz, 1995 |
BHI 3033 | Bates and Falkingham, 2012; Bates et al. 2009; Brown et al. 2015; Brusatte, et al. 2012; Campione et al. 2014; Carr, 2010; Carr and Williamson, 2004; Carr, et al. 2005; Carrano and Hutchinson, 2002; Currie, 1998, 2003a, 2003b; Currie et al. 2003; Dalman and Lucas, 2017; Dalman et al. 2024; Dececchi et al. 2020; Derstler and Myers, 2008; Happ, 2008; Hurum and Currie, 2000; Hurum and Sabath, 2003; Hutchinson et al. 2011; Larson, N.L., 2008; Larson P.L., 2008a, 2008b, 2013; Larsson, 2008; Lautenschlager, 2015; Lipkin and Carpenter, 2008; Loewen et al. 2013; Longrich and Saitta, 2024; Molnar, 2008; Paul, 2008; Paul et al. 2022; Persons and Currie, 2011; Persons et al. 2020; Peterson and Daus, 2019; Rayfield, 2004; Reichel, 2010; Rothschild, 2013; Rothschild and Molnar, 2008; Samman, 2013; Smith et al. 2005; Snively et al. 2006; Snively and Russell, 2007; Stein and Triebold, 2013; Stevens et al. 2008; Thomson et al. 2013; Witmer and Ridgely, 2008, 2009 |
BHI 4100 | Brown et al. 2015; Brusatte et al. 2012; Carr, 2010; Carr and Williamson, 2004; Gignac and Erickson, 2017; Larson N.L., 2008; Larson P.L., 2008a, 2008b, 2013; Molnar, 2008 |
BHI 4182 | Brown et al. 2015*; Larson N.L., 2008; Larson P.L., 2008a, 2008b*, 2013 |
BHI 6219 | Larson N.L., 2008 |
BHI 6230 | Farlow et al. 2013; Lipkin and Carpenter, 2008; Molnar, 2008; Larson N.L., 2008; Larson P.L., 2008a, 2008b, 2013; Rothschild, 2013 |
BHI 6231 | Larson, P.L., 2008a |
BHI 6232 | Larson, P.L., 2008a |
BHI 6233 | Larson, P.L., 2008a |
BHI 6235 | Larson, P.L., 2008a, 2013 |
BHI 6239 | Larson, N.L., 2008 |
BHI 6241 | Larson, P.L., 2013 |
BHI 6242 | Larson, P.L., 2008a |
BHI 6243 | Larson, P.L., 2013 |
BHI 6248 | Larson, N.L., 2008 |
BHI 6402 | Larson, P.L., 2013 |
HRS specimens | Longrich and Saitta, 2024 |
Samson | Paul et al. 2022 |
Tristan Otto | Hamm et al. 2018, 2022; Paul et al. 2022; Sattler and Schwarz, 2019 |