TABLE 1. Comparison of generic features of Ophiopsiformes (based on data published by Pictet, 1850; Schaeffer, 1960; Applegate, 1988; Lane and Ebert, 2015; Murray and Wilson, 2009; Brito, 2000; and Brito and Alvarado-Ortega, 2008). Abbreviatures: DFB, dorsal fin base as the percentage of the standard length; PDL, predorsal length as the percentage of standard length. Tb, Teoichthys btevipina; Tk, Teoichtjys kallistos.
| Teoichthys | Macrespistius | Ophiopsiella | Petalopterix | Agoultichthys | Placidichthys | |
| Skull ornaments | Weak-intensely ornamented | Intensely ornamented | Weak ornamented | Weak ornamented | Weak ornamented | ? |
| Suborbitals | Small, numerous, and from a mosaic. | Scarce | Scarce | ? | ? | ? |
| Dorsal fin | Short-long. Undivided. DFL = 53 (Tk), 22 (Tb).
PDL= 33 (Tk), 50.4-52.7 (Tb). |
Long. Divided?. ?. ? |
Short, Undivided. DFL=33. PDL= 44-52. |
Long. Divided. DFL≈ 49. PDL≈ 38. |
Long. Divided. DFL= 49. PDL≈ 35. |
Long. Divided. DFL=45-58. PDL= 33-36.7. |
| Scales | Anteriors are higher than long, and others are nearly as high as long. Serrated in Tk, unserrated in Tb. | Mostly higher than long and serrated. | All are nearly as high as long and serrated. | Anteriors are higher than long, and others are as high as long. Serrated. | All higher than long and not serrated. | All are higher than long and serrated. P. tucanensis ? |
TABLE 2. Comparison between the subfamilies recognized into the family Pycnodontidae. Character states highlighted in gray are present in IGM 14039. (based on Poyato-Ariza and Wenz, 2002; Poyato-Ariza, 2020; Ebert, 2016, 2016; Taverne and Capasso, 2018).
| Taxa Feature |
Turboscinetinae (including Proscinetiniae) |
Group B (not ranked) (including Pycnodontinae) |
Nursallinae |
| Dermocranial fenestra | No | Yes | No |
| Scale pattern | Peltate, | Peltate. Calthrate and clathrate-reduced in Pycnodontinae | Intricate, Peltate-expanded |
| Posterior skull ossification | Complete | Complete, reduced in Pycnodontinae | Complete |
| Free dorsal pterygiophores | Absent, present in Proscinetinae | Absent | Absent |
TABLE 3. Paleontological sites and generic/specific diversity of Noth American Albian-early Cenomanian osteichthyan fishes. The abbreviations below the paleontological sites correspond to those in Figure 9.
| Dragon Mtn. | Hay River | Kiowa Fm. | Glen Rose Fm. | Sumidero Q. | Tlayúa Q. | Muhi Q. | Smoky River | El Espinal Q. | El Chango Q. | Mowry Fm. | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Abbreviations: | DM | HR | KF | GRF | SQ | TQ | MQ | SR | EQ | CQ | MF |
| Albian | Alb-Cen. boundary | Early Cenomanian | |||||||||
|
Acanthomorpha |
|||||||||||
| Choichix alvaradoi Cantalice, Than-Marchese, Villalobos‐Segura, 2021. | x | ||||||||||
| Dalgoichthys tropicalis González-Rodríguez, Schultze, Arratia, 2013b. | x | ||||||||||
| Muhichthys cordobai González-Rodríguez, Fielitz, 2008. | x | ||||||||||
| Pepemkay maya Alvarado-Ortega, Than-Marchese, 2013. | x | ||||||||||
| Pseudomonocentris microspinosus González-Rodríguez, Schultze, Arratia, 2013b. | x | ||||||||||
| Handuichthys interopercularis González-Rodríguez, Schultze, Arratia, 2013b. | x | ||||||||||
| Zoqueichthys carolinae Alvarado-Ortega, Than-Marchese, 2012. | x | ||||||||||
| Xenyllion stewartia Newbrey, Murray, Wilson, Brinkman, Neuman, 2013. | x | ||||||||||
| Xenyllion zenensis Wilson and Murray, 1996. | x | ||||||||||
|
Amiiformes |
|||||||||||
| Amblysemius Agassiz, 1832 (see Alvarado-Ortega, 2005), | x | ||||||||||
| Pachyamia mexicana Grande, Bemis, 1998. | x | ||||||||||
| Quetzalichthys perrilliatae Alvarado-Ortega, Espinosa-Arrubarrena, 2008. | x | ||||||||||
|
Aspidorhynchiformes |
|||||||||||
| Belonostomus Agassiz, 1834b (see Applegate, 1996; Brito, 1997; Everhart, 2009). | x | x | x | x | |||||||
| Vinctifer Jordan, 1919 (see Applegate, 1996; Brito, 1997). | x | ||||||||||
|
Aulopiformes |
|||||||||||
| Enchodus zimapanensis Fielitz, González-Rodríguez, 2010. | x | ||||||||||
| Ichthyotringa mexicana Fielitz, González-Rodríguez, 2008. | x | ||||||||||
| Saurorhamphus Heckel, 1850 (see Alvarado-Ortega et al., 2009). | x | x | |||||||||
| Unicachichthys multidentata Díaz-Cruz, Alvarado-Ortega, Carbot-Chanona, 2016. | x | ||||||||||
| Vegrandichthys coitecus Díaz-Cruz, Alvarado-Ortega, Giles, 2020. | x | ||||||||||
| Veridagon avendanoi Díaz-Cruz, Alvarado-Ortega, Carbot-Chanona, 2019a, b. | x | ||||||||||
|
Clupeomorpha |
|||||||||||
| Armigatus Grande, 1982 | x | ||||||||||
| Armigatus carrenoae Alvarado-Ortega, Than-Marchese, Melgarejo-Damián, 2020. | x | ||||||||||
| Armigatus felixi Than-Marchese, Alvarado-Ortega, 2022. | x | ||||||||||
| Ellimmichthys Jordan and Gilbert, 1919. | x | ||||||||||
| Foreyclupea loonensis Vernygora, Murray, Wilson, 2016. | x | ||||||||||
| Paraclupea Sun, 1956 (see Alvarado-Ortega, Ovalles-Damián, Arratia, 2008). | x | ||||||||||
| Paraclupea seilacheri Alvarado-Ortega, Melgarejo-Damián, 2017. | x | ||||||||||
| Ranulfoichthys dorsonudum Alvarado-Ortega, 2014. | x | ||||||||||
| Scombroclupea javieri Than-Marchese, Alvarado-Ortega, Matamoros, Velázquez-Velázquez, 2020. | x | ||||||||||
| Thorectichthys Murray and Wilson, 2013 (this work). |
x | ||||||||||
| Triplomystus applegatei Alvarado-Ortega, Ovalles-Damián, 2008. | x | ||||||||||
| Thorectichthys fideli Than-Marchese, Alvarado-Ortega, Murray, Velázquez-Velázquez, Domínguez-Domínguez, 2024. | x | ||||||||||
|
Coelacanthiformes |
|||||||||||
| Axelrodichthys Maisey, 1986 (see Espinosa-Arrubarrena et al., 1996). | x | ||||||||||
|
Crossognathiformes |
|||||||||||
| Michin scernai Alvarado-Ortega, Mayrinck, Brito, 2008. | x | ||||||||||
| Motlayoichthys sergioi Arratia, González-Rodríguez, Hernández-Guerrero, 2018. | x | ||||||||||
| Nusaviichthys nerivelai Alvarado-Ortega, Alves, 2022. | x | ||||||||||
| Pachyrhyzodus Dixon, 1850 (see Hernández Guerrero, 2015). | x | ||||||||||
|
Elopocephala incertae sedis |
|||||||||||
| Araripichthys weberi Alvarado-Ortega, Brito, 2011. | x | ||||||||||
|
Elopomorpha |
|||||||||||
| Brannerion Jordan, 1919 (see Applegate, 1996), | x | ||||||||||
| Epaelops martinezi Alves, Alvarado-Ortega, Brito, 2020. | x | ||||||||||
| Nunaneichthys mexicanus Hernández-Guerrero, Cantalice, González-Rodríguez, Bravo-Cuevas, 2021. | x | ||||||||||
| Megalops Lacépède, 1803 (Applegate, 1996) | x | ||||||||||
| Paraelops Silva Santos, 1971 (see Maisey, 2000). | x | ||||||||||
|
Euteleostei incertae sedis |
|||||||||||
| Erichalcis arcata Forey, 1975. | x | ||||||||||
| Erichalcis conspicua Hermus, Wilson, Macrae, 2004. | x | ||||||||||
| Xeneichthys yanesi Arratia, González-Rodríguez, 2024. | x | ||||||||||
|
Halecomorphi incertae sedis |
|||||||||||
| Cipactlichthys scutatus Brito, Alvarado-Ortega, 2013. | x | ||||||||||
|
Ichthodectiformes |
|||||||||||
| Heckelichthys Taverne, 2008 (Alvarado-Ortega, 2024, pers. obs.) | x | ||||||||||
| Heckelichthys preopercularis Baños-Rodríguez, González-Rodríguez, Wilson, González-Martínez, 2020. | x | ||||||||||
| Unamichthys Alvarado-Ortega, 2004 (see Alvarado-Ortega, 2005). | x | ||||||||||
| Unamichthys espinosai Alvarado-Ortega, 2004. | x | ||||||||||
|
Macrosemiformes |
|||||||||||
| Macrosemiocotzus americanus González-Rodríguez, Applegate, Espinosa-Arrubarrena, 2004. | x | x | |||||||||
| Notagogus novomundi González-Rodríguez, Reynoso, 2004 (this work). | x | x | |||||||||
|
Ophiopsiformes |
|||||||||||
| Macrepistius arenatus Cope, 1894. | x | ||||||||||
| Teoichthys brevipina Machado, Alvarado-Ortega, Machado, Brito, 2013, and this work. | x | x | |||||||||
| Teoichthys kallistos Applegate, 1988. | x | ||||||||||
|
Ostariophysi |
|||||||||||
| Caeus Costa, 1857 (see Applegate, 1996, fig. 5; Alvarado-Ortega, 2024, pers. obs.). | x | ||||||||||
| Clupavus Arambourg, 1950 (see Dunkle, 1971) | x | ||||||||||
| Sapperichthys chiapanensis Amaral, Alvarado-Ortega, Brito, 2013. | x | ||||||||||
|
Pycnodontiformes |
|||||||||||
| Neoproscinetes Figueiredo, Silva Santos, 1987 (see Applegate, 2001). | x | ||||||||||
| Tahnaichthys magnuserrata Pacheco-Ordaz, Mejía, Alvarado-Ortega, 2025. | x | ||||||||||
| Tepexichthys aranguthyorum Applegate, 1992. | x | ||||||||||
|
Semionotiformes |
|||||||||||
| Lepidotes (Eastman, 1917, p. 262) | x | ||||||||||
| Tlayuamichin itztli Lopez-Arbarello, Alvarado-Ortega, 2011. | x | ||||||||||
