FIGURE 1. Geometric morphometric and traditional morphometric approaches applied to the same sample. A, Arrangement of landmarks (red) and semilandmarks (blue) used in this paper for each of the 120 specimens: L1, apex of the principal cusp; L2, intersection between the principal cusp and the lateral cusplet (on mesial side); L3, apex of the mesial lateral cusplet; L4, intersection between the principal cusp and the lateral cusplet (on distal side); L5, apex of the distal lateral cusplet; L6, intersection between the mesial lateral cusplet and the root; L7, intersection between the distal lateral cusplet and the root. The accurate positions of semilandmarks (S1-S8) are not defined. B, Terminology of the linear measurements and angles used in Marramà and Kriwet (2017) for traditional morphometrics: BCW, basal crown width; CH, crown height; DCL, distal crown edge length; DS, degree of slant; HCW, half-crown width; IDCE, inner distal crown edge length; IMCE, inner mesial crown edge length; LCH, height of lateral cusplets; LCW, width of lateral cusplets; MCL, mesial crown edge length; PCH, height of principal cusp; PCW, width of principal cusp; RA, angle between root lobes; RH, root height; RW, root width.
FIGURE 2. Morphospaces plotted on the first three PC axes considered in this study and representing the spatial distribution of the 120 specimens in the sample. The distribution of the specimens and relative convex hulls are different in each of the two morphospaces, due to the use of distinct axes, although PC1 is always plotted on abscissas. Deformation grid plots are placed at the extreme negative and positive scores of each axis. A, Morphospace plotted on PC1 and PC2. B, Morphospace plotted on PC1 and PC3.
FIGURE 3. Morphospace plotted on PC1 and PC2 showing the spatial distribution of Brachycarcharias and Lamna teeth.
FIGURE 4. Morphospace plotted on PC1 and PC2 showing the spatial distribution of Brachycarcharias and Carcharias teeth.
FIGURE 5. Morphospace plotted on PC1 and PC2 showing the spatial distribution of Brachycarcharias and Carcharomodus teeth.
