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Early Pliocene Deer from Tennessee: Tables

TABLE 1. Dental measurements (in mm) of Eocoileus gentryorum from the Gray Fossil Site, and a comparative sample of upper dentition of Neogene cervid species. Measurements for Bretzia pseudalces derived from Gustafson (2015) and Capreolus constantini derived from Vislobokova et al. (1995). Complete listing of all measurements is included in Supplemental Table 3.

Taxon Locality / Age Specimen dP3L dP3W dP4L dP4W M1L M1W M2L M2W
Eocoileus gentryorum Gray Fossil Site, TN
Early Pliocene		 ETMNH 6166
ETMNH 40000		 13.13 9.5 13.31 12.28     17.43 15.48
Eocoileus gentryorum Palmetto Fauna, FL
Early Pliocene		 Mean
Min
Max		    
13.59
13.08
12.50
13.73		 13.88
14.88
14.78
15.48
16.92
Odocoileus brachyodontus Fox Canyon, KS
Pliocene		 UMMP 28140             16.35 18.56
Odocoileus virginianus (multiple subspecies) Various (USA and Mexico) Extant Mean
Min
Max		 12.47
10.15
14.66		 11.15
9.57
13.44		 15.11
11.97
17.65		 13.77
10.73
15.31		 15.50
12.13
17.78		 14.24
12.10
16.26		 16.57
13.47
20.28		 15.32
10.31
17.95
Odocoileus virginianus Inglis 1A
Early Pleistocene		 UF 276885 13.47 12.52 16.16 16.29 17.83 16.31    
Odocoileus hemionus Various Extant Mean
Min
Max
11.24
12.75
16.45
15.84		 16.34
14.33
17.49		 16.27
15.39
17.38		 17.58
15.60
18.94		 17.31
15.97
19.09
Odocoileus pandora Extant Yucatan, Mexico USNM 108287         10.42 9.45 10.82 10.73
Bretzia pseudalces Ringold Fauna, WA
Early Pliocene		 Mean
Min
Max		         14.8
13
16.2		 16.15
15
17		 16.72
15.7
17.4		 17.25
15.9
17.9
Capreolus capreolus Various
Extant and Holocene		 Mean
Min
Max		         11.30
10.94
11.67		 12.20
11.25
12.74		 11.86
11.54
12.24		 12.51
11.70
14.47
Capreolus constantini Udunga, Russia
Late Pliocene		 Min
Max		         12.5
13		 14.5
16		 12.8
14.7		 15.5
17.2
Mazama temama Yucatan, Mexico
Extant		 Mean
Min
Max
8.24
6.31
9.15
7.46		 10.84
9.85
11.77		 10.79
9.41
12.01
10.59
11.46
Cervus canadensis Various
Extant		 Mean
Min
Max		         25.21
22.54
27.79		 26.23
25.25
27.38		 28.15
24.12
31.01		 25.21
22.43
26.54

 

 

TABLE 2. Postcranial measurements (in mm) of Eocoileus gentryorum from the Gray Fossil Site, and a comparative sample of Neogene cervid species. Measurements for Bretzia pseudalces derived from Gustafson (2015), Capreolus constantini derived from Vislobokova et al. (1995) for Russia and Jiménez-Hidalgo and Bravo-Cuevas (2015) for Mexico. Elements are as follows: Hu = humerus, Ti = Tibia, Ast = Astragalus, Ph = Proximal Phalanx. Complete listing of all measurements is included in Supplemental Table 3.

Taxon Locality / Age Specimen Hu APD Hu MLD HuDi ArtML HuDi ArtAP HuDi ML HuDi AP Ti L Ti APD Ti MLD Ti PrML Ti DiML Ast L Ast W Ph L Ph PrML Ph DiML
Eocoileus gentryorum Gray Fossil Site, TN
Early Pliocene		 ETMNH
10559
8030
14923
17218
10546
13918
20.68
15.47
24.95
16.58
30.44
26.78
237.64
252.56
15.98
18.84
17.16
16.9
41.35
44.22
28.2
26.45
34.26
20.45
35.73
36.58
13.08
12.83
10.87
10.59
Eocoileus gentryorum Palmetto Fauna, FL
Early Pliocene		 Mean
Min
Max		 22.62
18.88
29.73		 16.27
15.56
17.88		 28.16
24.99
30.39		 17.68
16.10
19.63		 31.18
27.47
33.99		 29.88
27.08
32.21		  
19.97
18.64
42.12		 28.03
26.57
30.66		 33.51
30.13
35.41		 20.25
19.36
21.19
35.18
9.42
7.52
Odocoileus virginianus
(multiple subspecies)		 Various (USA and Mexico) Extant Min
Max		 21.36
26.50		 16.31
22.16		 32.32
38.81		 19.47
20.58		 35.18
36.11		 35.49
38.93		   17.81
17.83		 20.15
20.93		 50.48
53.28		 30.77
30.86		 28.6
37.75		 17.73
23.54		 34.40
50.25		 14.65
15.57		 12.47
13.21
Odocoileus virginianus Various, FL
Early Pleistocene		 Min
Max		 22.87
26.50		 19.95
22.16		 33.59
38.81		 20.01
25.29		 38.09
43.88		 35.22
41.76		 271.93 22.21 22.01 44.50 33.00 36.87
39.77		 22.95
25.88		 48.17
48.49		 13.74
14.94		 11.67
12.35
Odocoileus hemionus Various Extant Min
Max		 23.29
27.91		 19.21
23.71		 36.93
42.16		 20.87
24.37		 35.03
43.47		 35.02
40.89		   18.56
21.97		 22.2
27.98		 51.65
61.76		 34.36
38.70		 35.63
42.45		 20.63
28.24		 44.24
48.66		 14.54
16.81		 12.61
14.05
Odocoileus brachyodontus Hagerman, ID
Late Pliocene		 USNM
299483
418959		  
19.51
37.38
24.79
43.52
43.37		          
54.34
37.77
48.82
14.46
11.75
Bretzia pseudalces Ringold Fauna, WA

Early Pliocene

 Mean
Min
Max		   16.5       35.5 291.67
287
299		   23.7
22.1
25.4		 50.33
44.7
54.2		 34.19
28.6
37.9
44.8
29		      
Capreolus capreolus Extant Min
Max		             236.97
241.77		 13.09
13.16		 14.24
15.27		 39.12
39.86		 25.11
25.49		 27.82
29.46		 18.78
19.56		      
Capreolus constantini Udunga, Russia
Late Pliocene		 Min
Max		         31
33.2		 31.4         27.5          
Capreolus constantini Hidalgo, Mexico
Late Pliocene		 Min
Max		         40.52 38.23
39		 275   24.7 59.5       43.12 16.38 13.27